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AlVEOLAR BONE dr naveen reddy
The document provides an overview of alveolar bone, including its development, structure, blood and nerve supply, functions, and clinical considerations. Alveolar bone develops with the formation and eruption of teeth and supports the teeth by forming the bony sockets within the maxilla and mandible. It has two parts - the alveolar bone proper that directly surrounds the tooth root and the supporting alveolar bone that provides structural support. Age-related changes such as loss of bone with tooth loss are discussed. Therapeutic options for treating alveolar bone defects through grafting and regeneration techniques are also summarized.
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AlVEOLAR BONE dr naveen reddy
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- 2. ALVEOLAR BONE Presented by DR NAVEENPARVATHAREDDY I MDS, NARAYANA DENTAL COLLEGE
- 3. contents • Bone –introduction, classification, composition, functions , histology & bone cells • Introduction of AB • Development of AB • Structure of AB • Blood supply & nerve supply of AB • Functions of AB • Age changes of AB • Clinical considerations of AB • Therapeutic considerations of AB • Summary • References
- 4. Introduction BONE – Itis a living specialized connective tissue with calcified inter cellular substance, which makes up the body skeleton and is one of the hardest structures of human body.
- 5. Based on location CLASSIFICATION OFBONES Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton 80 126+ 206
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- 7. Based on developmentalorigin Intra-membranous Intracartilagenous / Endochondral
- 8. Based on crosssection Compact bone Spongy bone Based on Matrix arrangement Lamellar bone Woven bone
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- 10. •Immature(Woven) Bone •Mature(Lamellar )Bone •Collagen fibers oriented in many directions •Fibers are orderly arranged •Interfibrillar space is more •Interfibrillar space is less •H&E- Matrix shows blue •H&E- Matrix shows Acidophilic •Deposition & Mineralization rates are fast. •Deposition & Mineralization rates are slow. • Bone sialoprotein present •Osteocalcin present Based on Maturity
- 11. Immature(Woven) Bone Mature(Lamellar )Bone Mineral density is lower &water content higher Low water content Entirely removed by osteo clasts. Portion of lamellar matrix resorbed at one time Matrix vesicles participate in mineralization Collagen mediated mechanism is involved in calcification
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- 13. Non collagenous proteins osteocalcin sialoprotein phosphoprotein osteonectin bonespecific protein bone morphogenic protein
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- 15. Bone histology : thin, delicate connective tissue membrane
- 16. : • circumferential lamellae: theselamellae are arranged in parallel layers surrounding bone. • concentric lamellae: these lamellae are arranged in concentric layers. • Interstitial lamellae: these are present in between osteons. • TRABECULAE- spongy bone consists of large slender spicules
- 17. haversian canal and concentriclamellae are together called as osteon. the vascular canal present at the centre of concentric lamellae. adjacent haversian systems are connected by volkmann’s canals.Contain vascular network
- 18. osteocytes are presentin the lacunae at the junctions of lamellae.
- 19. this linehas more regular appearence which denotes period of rest during formation of bone. Deliniates haversion system irregular lines which indicate previous area of bone resorption.
- 20. Hemopoietic tissue • Redmarrow – young bone Spongy bone of long and flat bones Contain stem cells of fibroblasts and blood cells • Yellow marrow – old bone Seen in epiphysis of long bones Loss of hemopoietic potential Increased accumulation of fat cells
- 21. Bone cells Osteogenic cells: 1.Osteoprogenitor cells. 2. Osteoblasts. 3. bone lining cells 4. Osteocytes. Osteoclasts
- 23. these are angularshaped cells with centrally placed nuclei. these cells differentiate in to osteoblasts which form bone.
- 24. osteoblasts • Derivation • Reservoir •Morphology • functions
- 25. Bone lining cells •The osteoblasts that have completed their function and lie on bony surface as bone lining cells • These cells contain few cell organelles
- 26. osteocytes • As theosteoblasts form bone matrix , they get entrapped within the matrix they secrete are called osteocytes • Number of osteoblasts that become osteocytes , depends on rapidity of bone formation • Woven bone, repair bone shows more osteocytes • Osteocytes are 1o times more than osteoblasts • Half life • Lacunae , canaliculi
- 27. osteoclasts • It isa type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing mineralized matrix of bone • Osteoclasts lie in resorption bays • Multinucleated • Exhibits 2 zones • Acid phosphatase
- 28. Alveolar bone Alveolar Bone(Process) is the part of maxilla & mandible that forms & supports the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth • Also known as Processes Alveolaris • Pars Alveolaris
- 29. Development of AB •At the end of 2nd month of iu life, maxilla and mandible forms a groove • As tooth germs start to develop , bony septa form gradually • As root develop, alveolar process increases in height • During rapid growth period, chondroid bone is formed
- 30. alv. Process formswith development and eruption of teeth Morphology of Alv. Bone depends on Size Shape position of teeth alv bone attains max thickness Alv. bone undergoes atrophy If teeth congenitally missing – Alv. Bone not developed
- 31. Boundaries No distinct boundary Certainareas Alveolar bone fused with basal bone Anterior maxillary region Posterior Mandibular region.
- 32. Structure of AB ALVEOLAR BONE ALVEOLAR BONE PROPER LAMELLATED BONE BUNDLEBONE SUPPORTING ALVEOLAR BONE CORTICAL PLATE SPONGY BONE
- 33. Structure of AB TwoParts: Alveolar Bone proper: Thin lamellated bone that surrounds the root of the tooth Gives attachment to the PDL Fibres Supporting alveolar Bone: Surrounds the alveolar bone Proper Gives support to the socket
- 34. Alveolar bone proper That lines the socket or alveolus Forms the inner wall Consists of two parts 0.1 – 0.4 mm thick Otherwise called as cribriform plate
- 35. Cribriform plate Anatomical name Resemblesa fine holed sieve Perforated by – foramina Transmit nerves &Vessels
- 36.
- 37. Lamellated bone Lamellarbone consists of osteons Concentric lamellae along with central blood vessel forms an osteon Continuous with supporting alveolar bone Mature bone
- 38. Bundle bone Term bundle- Sharpey’s fibre These fibers are inserted at 90 deg angle into ABP Consists of fibrils in the intercellular substance and are arranged at right angles to sharpey’s fibers These fibrils are less in number compared to lamellated bone and therefore it appears dark in H&E Silver stain
- 39. Lamina dura Radiologic name appearsas radiopaque line Is lost
- 40. Alveolar Crest alveolus distance b/nCEJ and free border of ABP ABP meets cortical plates Most cervical rim = alveolar crest It is slightly apical to CEJ in healthy patients If neighburing teeth is inclined Alveolus Rim Floor Alv. crest Fundus
- 41. Supporting alveolar bone TwoParts Cortical Bone Spongiosa Supporting alveolar bone
- 42. Cortical Bone Compact bone Formsinner &outer plates of the alveolar process Variations: Maxilla –thinner Mandible -Thicker Premolar, Molar region –Thicker Anterior region -Thin
- 43. Buccal cortical plate– Thick Lingual Cortical plate -Thinner Relation to Local anaesthesia maxilla perforated by many openings Infiltration is sufficient Mandible Dense cortical plate Nerve Blocks required
- 44. SpSpongiosaongiosa Fills space b/nABP and Cortical bone Variations; Maxilla –More Mandible -Less In ant region –both jaws : Spongiosa is absent Cortical plate is fused with ABP
- 45.
- 46. Two types –R/A TypeI Trabeculae – Regular Horizontal Thick Ladderlike Mandible Trajectorial pattern Along lines of stress
- 47. Type II Irregular Fine/Delicate Maxila No trajectorypattern , More marrow space
- 48. Nutrient Canals Zuckerkandl &Hirschfeld Interdental &Inter-radicular septum Contain –BV, lymph vessels and nerves Appear as radioluscent lines or shadows Parallel to long axis of tooth
- 49. Surface structures Ju'ga alveolariamandibulae Ju'ga alveolaria maxillae
- 50.
- 51. Bony defects • Fenestration •Dehiscence • Central buttressing • Peripheral buttressing • Osseous craters
- 52. Functions of AB •Houses the roots of teeth • Anchorage • Helps to move teeth • Helps to absorb and distribute occlusal forces • Supplies vessels to pdl • Protects developing permanent teeth • Organizes eruption of
- 53. Age changes • Alveolarsockets appear jagged and uneven • Marrow spaces have fatty infiltration • In Edentulous jaws • Loss of maxillary bone • Internal trabecular arrangement is more open, • Distance b/n alveolar crest and CEJ
- 54. • Brittleness • Osteoporosis •Alveolar crest slope distally due to mesial tilting of teeth • With loss of teeth ,resorption of alveolar ridge
- 55. Pattern of boneresorption •Maxilla •Mandible •Alv crest
- 56. Clinical considerations Maxillary teeth Fracturedtooth Abscess loss of lamina dura AB loss Orthodontic Treatment Effect of hormones
- 57. •Proximity of ABto sinus cavities or major nerves •Dental implants •Surgical procedures •Periodontal disease
- 58. Therapeutic considerations • Bonegrafting – used to bone deposition in periodontal surgery • Autografts, allografts , xenografts • Guided tissue regeneration – collagen is used to support natural bone formation • Enamel matrix proteins – used as an adjunct to periodontal surgery
- 59.
- 60. References ORBAN'S ORALHISTOLOGY : S.N. BHASKAR. TENCATE’S ORAL HISTOLOGY HISTOLOGY (ATEXT AND ATLAS), MICHEAL H. ROSS,WOJCIEH PAWLINA HAM’S GENERAL HISTOLOGY GLICKMANN'S CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY : CARRANZA. BASIC HISTOLOGYTEXT AND ATLAS- LUIZ CARLOS JUNQUEIRA, JOSE CARNEIRO ORAL STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY : H.E.SCHROEDER. . TEXT BOOK OF HISTOLOGY : ROSS & REITH. INTERNET ACCESS
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