mandibular anatomical landmarks is a key point of studying oral cavity . i study about it & make this ppt .

1. SUBHRAKANTI PANDIT
ANKESH KUMAR

3. The anatomy of the edentulous ridges in the maxilla
and mandible is very important for the design of
the complete denture.
The total area of support of the mandible is much
less than the maxilla.
The average available denture bearing area for an
edentulous mandible is 14cm2, whereas for edentulous
maxilla it is 24cm2 . Therefore the mandible is less
capable of resisting occlusal forces than the maxilla..

4. 1.Limiting Structures-They determine the confine extent
of dentures.
2.Supporting Structures- These are the load bearing
areas-They show minimal ridge resorption even under
constant load.
3.Relief areas-These areas resorb under constant load
or contain fragile structure within.

5. 1.Labial Frenum 1.Genial
2.Labial Vestibule tubercle
3.Buccal Frenum 2. Torus
4.Buccal Vestibule mandibularis
5.Lingual Frenum 3. Mental
6.Alveolingual foramen
Sulcus
7.Retromolar
Pads Buccal shelf Crest of
8.Pterygomandibular area alveolar ridge
Raphe
LIMITING
STRUCTURE
S
SUPPORTI
NG
STRUCTUR
ES
RELIE
F
AREA
S
PRIMAR
Y
STRESS
BEARIN
G
SECONDAR
Y
STRESS
BEARING

6. 1.Labial frenum
2.Labial vestibule
3.Buccal frenum
4.Buccal vestibule
5.Residual alveolar ridge
6.Retromolar pad
7.Pterygomandibular raphae
8.Retromylohyoid fossa
9.Lingual tuberosity
10.Alveolingual sulcus
11.Lingual frenum
12.Buccal shelf area
1.Labial notch
2.Labial flange
3.Buccal notch
4.Buccal flange
5.Alveolar groove
6.Retromolar fossa
7.Pterygomandibular notch
8.Retromylohyoid eminence
9.Lingual tubercular fossa
10.Lingual flange
11.Lingual notch
12.Buccal flange resting on
buccal shelf area

8. • A.LABIAL FRENUM
• Active bond
• Fibrous bond
• Extension- Labial aspect of
residual ridge to lip
Muscle attachment-Orbicularis-oris
* LABIAL
FRENUM

9. • During the final impression this frenum is recorded as
labial notch.
• It is recorded in the human mouth due to the movement
of lower lip toward, upward and inward.
• Labial notch(In the
• final
impression)

10. • B. LABIAL VESTIBULE
• It is the space between lips and alveolar process, bordered by the
buccal frenum and divided at the labial frenum
• Muscle attachment-Orbicularis muscle and the incisive labi-inferior
• Mentalis muscle is an active in this area
• LABIAL VESTIBULE

11. • In the final impression the labial vestibule is recorded as labial
flange
• It is recorded in the patient mouth by sucking movement
• LABIAL FLANGE (in the
• final impression)

12. • C . BUCCAL FRENUM
• It is the fibrous bond
• Separates labial and buccal vestibule
• Muscle attachment- Depressor anguli oris

13. • It is recorded in the patient mouth by the movement
of cheek.
• The cheek is lifted outward, upward, backward and
forward.
• Buccal frenum is recorded in the final impression as
Buccal notch.
• BUCCAL NOTCH

14. • It is recorded in the patient mouth by the
movement of cheek.
• The cheek is lifted outward, upward,
backward and forward.
• Buccal frenum is recorded in the final
impression as Buccal notch.
• BUCCAL NOTCH

15. • D. BUCCAL VESTIBULE
• Extends from buccal frenum till retromolar pad
region.
• Bound by residual ridge on one side and
buccinator on the other.
• Space influenced by action of masseter muscle.
• Muscle attachment-Buccinator anteriorly
and pterygomandibular raphe posteriory.

16. • In the final impression this buccal vestibule
is recorded as buccal flange.
• To record the buccal flange we have to
instruct the patient to open the mouth wide
and then to close against the resting force
of your finger and the cheek is moved
outward , upward and inward.
• BUCCAL FLANGE

17. • E. LINGUAL FRENUM
• Mucous mambrane fold seen on elevation of the tongue.
• Base of tongue to supragenial tubercle .
• LINGUAL FRENUM

18. •Recording process – The
patient is instructed to wipe his
lower lip from side to side with
the tongue tip.

19. • F. ALVEOLINGUAL SULCUS
Space between residual alveolar ridge and the
tongue.
Anterior region
 Extension-Lingual frenum to the mylohyoid
ridge curves above the sulcus.
The middle region
 Extension-From the pre-mylohyoid fossa to
the distal end of the mylohyoid ridge.
Lingual flange should slope medially.
The posterior region
 Retro-mylohyoid fossa present here.
ALVEOLINGUAL SULCUS

20. • Recording process
• Patient is asked to protrude the tongue out –this
gives the length of the flange.
• Patient is asked to touch the cheeks with tongue-
this gives width of the flange.
• ALVEOLINGUAL
• SULCUS

21. • G. RETROMOLAR PAD AREA
• It defines the posterior limit.
• Triangular soft pad of tissue at distal end of
lower ridge.
• Pear shaped pad area-Keratinized residual
scar of the third molar.
• It is not a favorable denture bearing area.
• Associated with-Buccinator(from buccal
shelf),superior constrictor, temporalis and
firmly bond masticatory mucossa

22. • The junction between the pear
shaped pad and the retromolar pad
demarcates the distal border of the
properly extended mandibular
complete denture.

23. • H. PTERIGOMANDIBULAR RAPHE
• The pterigomandibular raphe or ligament originates
from the pterigoid hamulus of medical pterygoid
plate and attaches to distal end of myloid ridge.
• Raphe is a tendinous insertion of two muscle.
• The superior constrictor is inserted posteriorlly.
• Buccinator is anteriolaterally inserted.

24. A. BUCCAL SHELF AREA
*It is the area between buccal frenum and
anterior border of masseter muscle
BOUNDARIES
*MEDIALLY : Slopes of residual ridge
*LATERALLY : External oblique line
*ANTERIORLY : Buccal frenum
*POSTEROIRLY : Retromolar pad

25. MUSCLE ATTACHMENT
Buccinator- muscle fibres attaches
inferiorly to buccal shelf.
Fibres run longitudnally
anteroposteriorly permitting to rest
on the muscle without displacement.

26. MUSCLE ATTACHMENT
Buccinator- muscle fibres attaches inferiorly to
buccal shelf.
Fibres run longitudnally anteroposteriorly
permitting to rest on the muscle without
displacement.

27. *Crest of residual alveolar ridge is covered by
fibrous connective tissue .
*The slopes of residual alveolar ridge have
thin plate of cortical bone . The slopes of the
ridge are at an acute angle to occlusal forces.
* Hence it is considered as
secondary stress bearing area .

28. • Since the crest of ridge has cancellous bone, it is
not favourable as primary stress bearing area.
• Lack of muscle attachment.
• It undergoes rapid resorption
• CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE :
• Any movable soft tissue overlying the
ridge should not be compressed while
making impression.

29. It isan exit point of nasopalatine
nervesandvessels.It shouldbe relieved
,if not,thedenturewill compressthe nerveor
vesselsand lead to necrosisOf the distributing
areasandparesthesia of anterior palate.….
Relief Areas
A. Mylohyoid Ridge
B. Mental Foramen
C. Genial Tubercle
D.Torus Mandibualris

30. • Attachment for the mylohyoid muscle.
• Running along the lingual surface of the
mandible.
• Anteriorly: The ridge lies close to the inferior
border of the mandible.
• Posteriorly: It lies close to the residual ridge.
Clinical Significance:
• Covered by the thin mucosa which may be
traumatized by denture base hence it should be
relieved.

31. MYLOHOID RIDGE

32. • Lies on the external surface of the mandible in
between the 1st and the 2nd premolar region.
• It should be relieved specially in case it lies
close to the residual alveolar ridge due to ridge
resorption to prevent paresthesia.
• Clinical significance
• It should be relieved in these areas as pressure over the
nerve passing through it can get compressed by
denture base leading to numbness of lower lip

33. • Area of muscle attachment (Genioglossus And
Geniohyoid)
• Lies away from the crest of the ridge.
• Prominent in resorbed ridges therefore
adequate relief to be provided.
Clinical significance
They only become relevent in the denture when
there is excessive resorption of residual ridge.

34. GENIAL TUBERCLE

35. • Abnormal bony prominence.
• Bilaterally on the lingual side near the
premolar area.
• Covered by thin mucosa so it should be
relieved.
• Small tori may only require relief in the dentine.
• Large tori require removal before a denture
can be fabricated.
Clinical significance
• If small and not prominent should be relieved.
• if prominent and bulged should be surgically
removed.

36. TORUS MANDIBULARIS