This document discusses allosteric enzymes and their regulation. Allosteric enzymes have additional sites called allosteric sites that regulate enzyme activity. Enzyme activity can be activated or inhibited by metabolites interacting with these allosteric sites, known as allosteric regulation. There are two main models that explain allosteric regulation: the concerted model and sequential model. Allosteric regulation can be homotropic, where the substrate regulates the enzyme, or heterotropic, where a non-substrate regulatory molecule activates or inhibits the enzyme. Examples of each type of allosteric regulation are given.

1. ALLOSTERIC
ENZYMES
AND THEIR
REGULATION

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Allosteric regulation
 Models of allosteric regulation
 Sigmoid curve of allosteric regulation
 Types of allosteric regulation
 Allosteric inhibition

3. INTRODUCTION
 Enzymes: biocatalysts synthesized by living cells, protein in nature ,colloidal,thermolabile in character and specific in their action .they are known as catalyst of life which
accelerates the rate of reaction
 Allosteric enzymes: enzymes which possess additional sites known as allosteric sites besides active site are known as allosteric enzymes the allosteric sites are unique places
on enzyme molecules and allosteric enzymes can have one or more allosteric sites

4. ALLOSTERIC REGULATION
 Enzyme activity can be activated or inhibited through non covalent interaction of enzyme with metabolites other than substrates this form of control is termed as allosteric
regulation.
 Allosteric proteins contain distinct regulatory sites and multiple functional sites

5. MODELS OF ALLOSTERIC REGULATION
Two main models have been proposed to explain enzyme allostery
 Concerted model
 Sequential model

9. TYPES OF ALLOSTERIC REGULATION
 Homotropic
 Heterotropic

10. HOMOTROPIC
 A homotropic allosteric modulator is a substrate for its target enzyme as well as the regulatory molecule of the enzyme’s activity.it is typically an activator of enzyme
 For example: O2 is a homotropc modulator of haemoglobin

11. HETEROTROPIC
 A heterotropic allosteric modulator is a regulatory molecule that is not enzyme’s substrate it may be either an activator or inhibitor of enzyme
 For example:H+,CO2 are heterotropic allosteric modulators of enzyme

12. ALLOSTERIC INHIBITION

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