Allergic rhinitis
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This document discusses allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is an immunological response to airborne allergens like pollen or dust mites, characterized by sneezing, runny nose, and nasal obstruction. Vasomotor rhinitis has similar symptoms but is non-allergic and its cause is unclear, thought to involve autonomic nervous system stimulation. Both can be treated with antihistamines, nasal steroids, and other medications, while allergen avoidance helps with allergic rhinitis.
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Allergic rhinitis symptoms signs treatment ent ppt
This document summarizes allergic rhinitis, including its causes, pathogenesis, symptoms, signs, diagnosis, complications, and treatment. Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated immunologic response in the nasal mucosa to airborne allergens. It can be seasonal or perennial depending on the allergen. Symptoms include sneezing, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and itching. Diagnosis involves history, examination showing signs like nasal crease or edema, and tests like skin tests or RAST. Complications include sinusitis, nasal polyps, or asthma. Treatment options include avoidance of allergens, antihistamines, decongestants, corticosteroids,
Vasomotor rhinitis & nares
Vasomotor rhinitis is a chronic non-allergic rhinitis caused by an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system leading to hyperactivity of the nasal mucosa. Symptoms include recurrent sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction. The exact cause is unknown but it involves overactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system causing vasodilation and secretion from the nasal glands. Treatment focuses on avoiding triggers, using oral or topical decongestants and steroids, and in severe cases, short term systemic steroids or surgical procedures like turbinate reduction.
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is a symptomatic disorder caused by an IgE-mediated inflammatory response to allergens like pollens, molds, dust mites, animal dander and foods. It is characterized by sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion. Predisposing factors include heredity, hormones, infections, and environmental exposures. Treatment involves allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy with antihistamines and steroids, immunotherapy, and sometimes surgery to address structural abnormalities.
Acute and chronic rhinitis
This document summarizes different types of rhinitis including viral, bacterial, allergic, vasomotor, and chronic non-specific inflammations. Common cold is usually viral in origin while diphtheritic rhinitis involves a membrane covering the nasal cavity. Allergic rhinitis is an immunologic response to allergens. Vasomotor rhinitis is due to overactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system. Chronic non-specific rhinitis can lead to hypertrophy or atrophy of the nasal mucosa over time if left untreated.
Allergic rhinitis.ppt
Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is an allergic reaction to airborne allergens like pollen, dust mites, and animal dander that causes symptoms like a runny nose, sneezing, and watery eyes. It is common for symptoms to occur seasonally when the person is exposed to pollen allergens. Treatment involves avoiding allergens when possible and using medications like antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal corticosteroids to reduce symptoms. Yoga practices like pranayama breathing techniques, asanas to open the chest, and nasal cleansing techniques can also help alleviate symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
Nasal polypi otorhinolaryngology types etiology management ent ppt
Nasal polypi otorhinolaryngology types etiology management ent ppt antrochoanal ethmoidal polyp etiology diagram management treatment medical ent ppt
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal passages caused by an allergic reaction. It is characterized by sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itching, and runny nose. Symptoms can be intermittent or persistent and are classified as mild or moderate to severe based on how they impact quality of life. Diagnosis is mainly clinical but tests like skin tests and IgE levels can help identify triggers. Treatment involves environmental control, medications like antihistamines and intranasal steroids, and immunotherapy for more severe cases.
Allergic Rhinitis
This document discusses classifications of allergic rhinitis proposed by various groups from 1985 to 2001. It describes classifications based on etiology (allergic vs non-allergic), chronicity (seasonal vs perennial), and severity (intermittent vs persistent). The ARIA classification from 2001 divides rhinitis into intermittent or persistent, and further by severity as mild or moderate-severe based on sleep disturbance and impairment. Topical corticosteroids are highlighted as the most potent and effective treatment for moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis.
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Allergic rhinitis symptoms signs treatment ent ppt
This document summarizes allergic rhinitis, including its causes, pathogenesis, symptoms, signs, diagnosis, complications, and treatment. Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated immunologic response in the nasal mucosa to airborne allergens. It can be seasonal or perennial depending on the allergen. Symptoms include sneezing, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and itching. Diagnosis involves history, examination showing signs like nasal crease or edema, and tests like skin tests or RAST. Complications include sinusitis, nasal polyps, or asthma. Treatment options include avoidance of allergens, antihistamines, decongestants, corticosteroids,
Vasomotor rhinitis & nares
Vasomotor rhinitis is a chronic non-allergic rhinitis caused by an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system leading to hyperactivity of the nasal mucosa. Symptoms include recurrent sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction. The exact cause is unknown but it involves overactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system causing vasodilation and secretion from the nasal glands. Treatment focuses on avoiding triggers, using oral or topical decongestants and steroids, and in severe cases, short term systemic steroids or surgical procedures like turbinate reduction.
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is a symptomatic disorder caused by an IgE-mediated inflammatory response to allergens like pollens, molds, dust mites, animal dander and foods. It is characterized by sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion. Predisposing factors include heredity, hormones, infections, and environmental exposures. Treatment involves allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy with antihistamines and steroids, immunotherapy, and sometimes surgery to address structural abnormalities.
Acute and chronic rhinitis
This document summarizes different types of rhinitis including viral, bacterial, allergic, vasomotor, and chronic non-specific inflammations. Common cold is usually viral in origin while diphtheritic rhinitis involves a membrane covering the nasal cavity. Allergic rhinitis is an immunologic response to allergens. Vasomotor rhinitis is due to overactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system. Chronic non-specific rhinitis can lead to hypertrophy or atrophy of the nasal mucosa over time if left untreated.
Allergic rhinitis.ppt
Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is an allergic reaction to airborne allergens like pollen, dust mites, and animal dander that causes symptoms like a runny nose, sneezing, and watery eyes. It is common for symptoms to occur seasonally when the person is exposed to pollen allergens. Treatment involves avoiding allergens when possible and using medications like antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal corticosteroids to reduce symptoms. Yoga practices like pranayama breathing techniques, asanas to open the chest, and nasal cleansing techniques can also help alleviate symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
Nasal polypi otorhinolaryngology types etiology management ent ppt
Nasal polypi otorhinolaryngology types etiology management ent ppt antrochoanal ethmoidal polyp etiology diagram management treatment medical ent ppt
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal passages caused by an allergic reaction. It is characterized by sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itching, and runny nose. Symptoms can be intermittent or persistent and are classified as mild or moderate to severe based on how they impact quality of life. Diagnosis is mainly clinical but tests like skin tests and IgE levels can help identify triggers. Treatment involves environmental control, medications like antihistamines and intranasal steroids, and immunotherapy for more severe cases.
Allergic Rhinitis
This document discusses classifications of allergic rhinitis proposed by various groups from 1985 to 2001. It describes classifications based on etiology (allergic vs non-allergic), chronicity (seasonal vs perennial), and severity (intermittent vs persistent). The ARIA classification from 2001 divides rhinitis into intermittent or persistent, and further by severity as mild or moderate-severe based on sleep disturbance and impairment. Topical corticosteroids are highlighted as the most potent and effective treatment for moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis.
rhinosinusitis
Rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the nasal passages and sinuses. The paranasal sinuses are air spaces surrounding the nasal cavity. Common causes include viral or bacterial infection leading to blocked sinus drainage and inflammation. Symptoms include facial pain, pressure, congestion, and mucus discharge. Treatment involves antibiotics, nasal steroids, surgery to improve drainage if symptoms persist long-term. Chronic rhinosinusitis lasts over 12 weeks and may require repeated treatments.
Nasal polyps
Nasal polyps can be either antrochoanal polyps, typically seen in children, or ethmoid polyps, more common in adults. Antrochoanal polyps originate in the maxillary sinus and extend backwards towards the nasopharynx, while ethmoid polyps originate in the ethmoid sinuses and grow forwards, often bilaterally. Treatment involves surgical removal of antrochoanal polyps and may require postoperative antibiotics to prevent recurrence, whereas ethmoid polyps are usually first treated medically with steroids and antihistamines and only require surgery if medical treatment fails or for large polyps.
Otitis media with effusion ome
1) Otitis media with effusion (OME), also known as glue ear, is a chronic accumulation of fluid in the middle ear behind an intact but retracted eardrum that can cause hearing loss.
2) It commonly affects young children, with the highest prevalence between ages 2-5 years old. Risk factors include age, male gender, family history, and exposure to smoke.
3) The fluid is caused by eustachian tube dysfunction preventing drainage and ventilation of the middle ear, which can be due to infections, allergies, or adenoid hypertrophy among other factors.
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Secretory otitis media
Secretory otitis media (SOM), also known as serous otitis media or glue ear, is a non-purulent inflammation of the middle ear caused by an accumulation of fluid. It most commonly affects school-aged children between 3-8 years old. The pathogenesis involves malfunction of the Eustachian tube, which fails to ventilate and drain the middle ear, as well as increased secretory activity of the middle ear mucosa. Symptoms include hearing loss, delayed speech development, and mild ear aches. Treatment involves medical management with decongestants and antibiotics or surgical procedures like myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion to drain the fluid. Complications can include atelectasis, oss
Acute suppurative otitis media
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Acute and chronic sinusitis
This document provides information on sinusitis, including:
1) It defines sinusitis as inflammation of the sinus mucosa and lists the most commonly involved sinuses. Bacterial causes are noted.
2) Predisposing factors for sinusitis include local obstructions that inhibit drainage as well as general factors like poor health and environment.
3) Diagnosis involves imaging like x-rays and CT scans. Treatment includes antibiotics, nasal decongestants, and surgery in some cases.
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ALLERGIC RHINITIS.ppt
This document provides information on the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of allergic rhinitis. It defines allergic rhinitis as an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal membranes characterized by sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itching, and rhinorrhea. It affects individuals as early as childhood, with peak prevalence in the third decade of life. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, performing a physical exam, and conducting tests like skin prick tests. Management includes allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy with medications like antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and immunotherapy for certain patients. The document provides detailed information on the classification, causes, and treatment approaches for
Chronic Rhinosinusitis
This document discusses chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). It defines CRS and outlines its main subtypes and symptoms. It describes the histopathology and pathomechanisms involved, as well as common comorbidities. Diagnosis involves nasal endoscopy, CT scans, and allergy testing. Treatment includes topical corticosteroids, antibiotics, antifungals, and surgery for refractory cases.
Acute otitis media
2015./2016.akad.gada LOR pulciņa 9.sēdes prezentācija "Acute otitis media". Autors Edžus Urtāns (RSU MF III kursa students).
Atrophic rhinitis
This document discusses three chronic nasal diseases: atrophic rhinitis, rhinosporidiosis, and rhinoscleroma. Atrophic rhinitis causes nasal atrophy and foul odors. It can be primary from infection or nutritional factors, or secondary from other conditions like sinusitis. Rhinosporidiosis is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi and presents as red nasal lesions. Rhinoscleroma is caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis and presents in stages from rhinitis to fibrosis, commonly affecting the nose and spreading to other areas. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgery, or other measures depending on the specific condition.
Allergic and non allergic rhinitis
This document provides information on allergic rhinitis (AR), including its definition, pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis and management. AR results from an IgE-mediated inflammatory response to allergens that causes nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, sneezing and itching. It affects 10-25% of the global population and involves inflammation of the nose and other respiratory organs in some individuals. Diagnosis is based on patient history, examination, skin prick tests and blood tests to detect allergen-specific IgE. Management focuses on allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy.
ACUTE & CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS
1. Rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses that can be acute or chronic. Acute sinusitis lasts less than 4 weeks while chronic lasts over 12 weeks.
2. Common causes include viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae often cause acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
3. Symptoms depend on the involved sinus but may include nasal congestion, facial pain, headache, and fever. Diagnosis involves medical history, exam, and imaging tests like x-ray or CT scan of the sinuses.
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Rhinitis
Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa that can be acute or chronic. It is classified based on etiology into infectious and non-infectious types. Common infectious causes are viral infections like the common cold, while non-infectious causes include allergies. Clinical features vary depending on type but may include nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and loss of smell. Treatment involves managing symptoms, treating underlying causes, and antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections. Complications can include sinusitis if left untreated.
Allergic rhinitis - presentation
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Allergic rhinitis & vasomotor rhinitis theory modified dr.bakshi-17.05.06
Allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis are types of rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is common, affecting 10-20% annually, and is caused by an immunoglobulin E-mediated response to allergens like pollen, dust mites, and animal dander in genetically predisposed individuals. Vasomotor rhinitis is non-allergic and caused by autonomic nervous system imbalance leading to nasal congestion. Treatment of allergic rhinitis involves allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy with antihistamines and steroids, and immunotherapy. Vasomotor rhinitis treatment focuses on supportive measures, medical therapy like anticholinergics, and surgery for obstruction
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rhinosinusitis
Rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the nasal passages and sinuses. The paranasal sinuses are air spaces surrounding the nasal cavity. Common causes include viral or bacterial infection leading to blocked sinus drainage and inflammation. Symptoms include facial pain, pressure, congestion, and mucus discharge. Treatment involves antibiotics, nasal steroids, surgery to improve drainage if symptoms persist long-term. Chronic rhinosinusitis lasts over 12 weeks and may require repeated treatments.
Nasal polyps
Nasal polyps can be either antrochoanal polyps, typically seen in children, or ethmoid polyps, more common in adults. Antrochoanal polyps originate in the maxillary sinus and extend backwards towards the nasopharynx, while ethmoid polyps originate in the ethmoid sinuses and grow forwards, often bilaterally. Treatment involves surgical removal of antrochoanal polyps and may require postoperative antibiotics to prevent recurrence, whereas ethmoid polyps are usually first treated medically with steroids and antihistamines and only require surgery if medical treatment fails or for large polyps.
Otitis media with effusion ome
1) Otitis media with effusion (OME), also known as glue ear, is a chronic accumulation of fluid in the middle ear behind an intact but retracted eardrum that can cause hearing loss.
2) It commonly affects young children, with the highest prevalence between ages 2-5 years old. Risk factors include age, male gender, family history, and exposure to smoke.
3) The fluid is caused by eustachian tube dysfunction preventing drainage and ventilation of the middle ear, which can be due to infections, allergies, or adenoid hypertrophy among other factors.
Stridor
This document discusses various causes of stridor, which is an abnormal high pitched respiratory noise caused by partial airway obstruction. It covers different types of stridor and their etiologies in neonates, children and adults. Key causes discussed include laryngomalacia, vocal cord paralysis, croup, epiglottitis, diphtheria, tumors and foreign body obstruction. The document provides details on clinical assessment, investigations and management approaches for different stridor conditions.
Secretory otitis media
Secretory otitis media (SOM), also known as serous otitis media or glue ear, is a non-purulent inflammation of the middle ear caused by an accumulation of fluid. It most commonly affects school-aged children between 3-8 years old. The pathogenesis involves malfunction of the Eustachian tube, which fails to ventilate and drain the middle ear, as well as increased secretory activity of the middle ear mucosa. Symptoms include hearing loss, delayed speech development, and mild ear aches. Treatment involves medical management with decongestants and antibiotics or surgical procedures like myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion to drain the fluid. Complications can include atelectasis, oss
Acute suppurative otitis media
This document discusses acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM), including its definition, stages, bacteriology, treatment, and potential complications. ASOM is a pyogenic infection of the middle ear cleft lasting less than 3 weeks that is caused most commonly by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, or moraxella catarrhalis. It progresses through stages of hyperemia, exudation, suppuration, and sometimes coalescent mastoiditis. Treatment involves antibiotics, analgesics, and sometimes myringotomy to drain the ear. Complications can include subperiosteal abscess, vertigo, or mastoiditis if not properly treated.
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This document provides information on sinusitis, including:
1) It defines sinusitis as inflammation of the sinus mucosa and lists the most commonly involved sinuses. Bacterial causes are noted.
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Acute & chronic inflammations of larynx clinical features treatment types oto...
based on dhingrambbs curricula ent infectious non infectious leprosy scleroma leprosy syphilis tuberculosis diagnosis treatment Pachydermia laryngis reinkes edema diagrams etiology hypertrophic based on dhingra....mbbs,,, curricula, ent, infectious,, non infectious, leprosy, scleroma ,leprosy, syphilis, tuberculosis ,diagnosis ,treatment ,Pachydermia, laryngis, reinkes edema .,diagrams ,etiology, hypertrophic..........................diagnosis treatment ...............................................................................................................................
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This document discusses HIV and its effects on the ENT system. It begins by explaining what HIV is and how it attacks the immune system. It then discusses the epidemiology of HIV and current global statistics. Various opportunistic infections that can affect the ENT system are described, including fungal infections of the ear, sinusitis, neoplasms like Kaposi's sarcoma, and lymphomas of the nose and oral cavity. Manifestations in different areas like the ear, nose, oral cavity and airways are summarized. Risk groups, disease progression, and treatment approaches are also briefly covered.
ALLERGIC RHINITIS.ppt
This document provides information on the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of allergic rhinitis. It defines allergic rhinitis as an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal membranes characterized by sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itching, and rhinorrhea. It affects individuals as early as childhood, with peak prevalence in the third decade of life. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, performing a physical exam, and conducting tests like skin prick tests. Management includes allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy with medications like antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and immunotherapy for certain patients. The document provides detailed information on the classification, causes, and treatment approaches for
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This document discusses chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). It defines CRS and outlines its main subtypes and symptoms. It describes the histopathology and pathomechanisms involved, as well as common comorbidities. Diagnosis involves nasal endoscopy, CT scans, and allergy testing. Treatment includes topical corticosteroids, antibiotics, antifungals, and surgery for refractory cases.
Acute otitis media
2015./2016.akad.gada LOR pulciņa 9.sēdes prezentācija "Acute otitis media". Autors Edžus Urtāns (RSU MF III kursa students).
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This document discusses three chronic nasal diseases: atrophic rhinitis, rhinosporidiosis, and rhinoscleroma. Atrophic rhinitis causes nasal atrophy and foul odors. It can be primary from infection or nutritional factors, or secondary from other conditions like sinusitis. Rhinosporidiosis is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi and presents as red nasal lesions. Rhinoscleroma is caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis and presents in stages from rhinitis to fibrosis, commonly affecting the nose and spreading to other areas. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgery, or other measures depending on the specific condition.
Allergic and non allergic rhinitis
This document provides information on allergic rhinitis (AR), including its definition, pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis and management. AR results from an IgE-mediated inflammatory response to allergens that causes nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, sneezing and itching. It affects 10-25% of the global population and involves inflammation of the nose and other respiratory organs in some individuals. Diagnosis is based on patient history, examination, skin prick tests and blood tests to detect allergen-specific IgE. Management focuses on allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy.
ACUTE & CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS
1. Rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses that can be acute or chronic. Acute sinusitis lasts less than 4 weeks while chronic lasts over 12 weeks.
2. Common causes include viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae often cause acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
3. Symptoms depend on the involved sinus but may include nasal congestion, facial pain, headache, and fever. Diagnosis involves medical history, exam, and imaging tests like x-ray or CT scan of the sinuses.
Hoarseness
This document discusses hoarseness, including its definition, anatomy, etiology, clinical evaluation, differential diagnosis, and management. Hoarseness refers to any change in voice quality and can be caused by infections, polyps, smoking, acid reflux, and other factors. The clinical evaluation of hoarseness involves taking a medical history, performing a physical exam including laryngoscopy, and considering differential diagnoses such as laryngitis, vocal fold lesions, laryngeal carcinoma, and neurologic dysfunction. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include voice rest, voice therapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgery.
Diagnosis and management of pediatric conjunctivitis
This document discusses conjunctivitis (pink eye) in children. It begins by outlining the most common causes of conjunctivitis which vary by age. For neonates, the main causes are chemical irritation or infections like gonorrhea or chlamydia. For older infants and toddlers, the most common cause is bacterial infection. In school-aged children and adolescents, conjunctivitis is usually viral or allergic in origin. The document then provides details on evaluating, diagnosing, and treating conjunctivitis based on suspected cause and age of the child. Topics covered include distinguishing bacterial from viral conjunctivitis, common bacterial pathogens, adenoviral conjunctivitis, and treatment with
Rhinitis
Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa that can be acute or chronic. It is classified based on etiology into infectious and non-infectious types. Common infectious causes are viral infections like the common cold, while non-infectious causes include allergies. Clinical features vary depending on type but may include nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and loss of smell. Treatment involves managing symptoms, treating underlying causes, and antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections. Complications can include sinusitis if left untreated.
Allergic rhinitis - presentation
brief summary of Allergic rhinitis and its management
images on slideshow obtained from google search
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Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated immunologic response in the nasal mucosa triggered by airborne allergens. It can be seasonal, caused by pollen grains, or perennial, caused by indoor allergens like dust mites. Symptoms include sneezing, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and itching. Diagnosis involves patient history, physical exam showing signs like nasal crease or swollen turbinates, and allergy tests. Treatment includes avoidance of triggers, antihistamines to reduce symptoms, nasal steroids to reduce inflammation, and immunotherapy for long-term management.
Allergic rhinitis1
Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated inflammatory disorder of the nose induced by exposure to allergens like pollen, mold, dust mites, etc. It is characterized by symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching and congestion. It can be seasonal or perennial depending on the allergen. Diagnosis is based on history, examination and allergy testing. Treatment involves allergen avoidance, intranasal corticosteroids, oral antihistamines, immunotherapy for severe cases. Non-allergic rhinitis like vasomotor rhinitis can present similarly but tests are negative for allergies. Prolonged use of decongestants can cause
allergicrhinitis-150814131204-lva1-app6892.pdf
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by an allergen, affecting 10-25% of the population. It is classified as intermittent or persistent based on duration of symptoms. Common symptoms include sneezing, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea. Diagnosis involves skin prick tests and nasal smears. Treatment includes avoidance of allergens, oral antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, immunotherapy for refractory cases, and occasionally surgery for sinusitis or septal deviations. Prognosis is generally good with treatment and symptoms often improve with age.
Nasal allergy
Nasal Allergy, Allergic Rhinitis, chemical mediators, treatment nasal allergy, treatment allergic rhinitis, Pakistan,
Allergic and intrinsic rhinitis
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal , for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students
Allergic and intrinsic rhinitis
This document discusses allergic and intrinsic rhinitis. It defines allergic rhinitis and describes its prevalence, classifications, etiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment including immunotherapy. Intrinsic rhinitis is also discussed, focusing on vasomotor rhinitis including its pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment with medications and surgery. Rhinitis medicamentosa caused by overuse of decongestants is also summarized.
Allergic and intrinsic rhinitis
This document discusses allergic and intrinsic rhinitis. It defines allergic rhinitis and describes its prevalence, classifications, etiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment options including allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and immunotherapy. It also discusses intrinsic rhinitis, specifically vasomotor rhinitis, describing its pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment with general measures, medications, and surgery. It provides details on conditions like rhinitis medicamentosa.
Allergic rhinitis
This document defines allergic rhinitis and outlines its classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines allergic rhinitis as an IgE-mediated disease characterized by sneezing, nasal discharge, and congestion. It classifies allergic rhinitis as intermittent or persistent, and mild, moderate, or severe. Treatment includes allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy with corticosteroids, antihistamines, and immunotherapy, which involves administering increasing doses of allergens to reduce symptoms.
Allergic rhinitis
Insha Aleena's document discusses allergic rhinitis (hay fever), including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Common allergens that can trigger allergic rhinitis include pollen, dust mites, molds, insects, animal dander and house dust. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, physical examination, and allergy tests such as skin prick tests. Treatment includes avoiding allergens, using antihistamines, decongestants, mast cell stabilizers, corticosteroids, and immunotherapy. Complications can include recurrent sinus infections, nasal polyps, ear infections, and increased risk of asthma if left untreated.
Allergic rhinitis ppt 2018
Allergic Rhinitis ppt.
by Vishnuvardhan Thotakura [vishnutv9@gmail.com]
3yr MBBS
i have put BASICS to know all ABOUT ALLERGIC RHINITIS in this ppt. and hope you understand it!
ref: ENT books - Dhingra, Hazarika , pics and video from the internet.
Rhinitis.pptx
Define allergic rhinitis
Pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis
Signs/symptoms of allergic rhinitis
Diagnosis
Investigations
Complications
Treatment
Non allergic rhinitis
Pathogenesis
Signs/symptoms
Treatment
“It is an IgE-mediated immunologic response of nasal mucosa to airborne allergens and is characterized by watery
nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, sneezing and itching
in the nose. This may also be associated with symptoms
of itching in the eyes, palate and pharynx”
. Two clinical types have been recognized:
1. Seasonal. Symptoms appear in or around a particular
season when the pollens of a particular plant, to whic
the patient is sensitive, are present in the air.
2. Perennial. Symptoms are present throughout the year
Allergic Rhinitis.pptx
IgE mediated Immunologic response of nasal mucosa
Airborne Allergens
Characterised by
Watery nasal discharge
Nasal obstructions
Sneezing
Itching in the nose
Types and Aetiology of Allergic rhinitis
Pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis
Inhaled allergens -> Produce specific IgE antibody. Antibody become fixed to blood basophils and tissue mast cells.
Antigen-antibody Reaction -> Degranulation -> Mediators release -> responsible for symptomatology
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa caused by an allergic reaction to inhaled allergens. It is characterized by symptoms like sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and nasal itching. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, performing skin prick tests or measuring allergen-specific IgE levels. Management includes allergen avoidance, oral antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids and immunotherapy. Allergic rhinitis can negatively impact quality of life and is associated with conditions like asthma and sinusitis if left untreated.
E.N.T 5th year, 3rd lecture (Dr. Yousif Chalabi)
Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal cavity lining. It can be classified as allergic, infectious, or non-infectious non-allergic. Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated response to allergens like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander. Symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, and nasal obstruction. Treatment involves avoidance of allergens, medications like antihistamines, nasal steroids, and immunotherapy. Infectious rhinitis can be acute or chronic and caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Non-allergic rhinitis may be due to intrinsic factors, drugs, hormonal changes, or rebound from nasal decon
Atrophic rhinitis and Allergic rhinitis-ENT 3rd MBBS
This document discusses ozaena and allergic rhinitis. It defines ozaena as a chronic inflammation of the nose characterized by nasal mucosa atrophy. It describes the primary atrophic and secondary causes. It also discusses the clinical features, investigations, and treatments for allergic rhinitis including antihistamines, corticosteroids, immunotherapy, and the ARIA classification system for intermittent vs persistent and mild vs moderate to severe disease.
Plant Allergens.pptx
This document discusses different types of plant allergens that can cause allergic reactions. It describes 5 categories of allergens: 1) inhalant allergens like pollen grains that cause hay fever symptoms, 2) ingestant allergens like certain foods that cause digestive issues, 3) injectant allergens from things like bee stings, 4) contact allergens like poison ivy that cause skin reactions, and 5) infectant allergens from bacterial byproducts. Common plant-derived allergens are pollen from trees, weeds and grasses, as well as mold spores, which can trigger respiratory issues like hay fever, asthma, or dermatitis upon skin contact.
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is inflammation of the nose caused by an immunologic response to airborne allergens. There are two types - seasonal, caused by allergens like pollen that appear in particular seasons, and perennial, caused by allergens like mold and dander that are present year-round. Allergens trigger the production of IgE antibodies that attach to mast cells and basophils, causing the release of histamine and other mediators during acute and late phase responses, resulting in symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and nasal congestion.
allergic rhinitis
This document provides an overview of allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It defines allergic rhinitis as an inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by an allergic reaction to airborne allergens like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander. Common symptoms include a runny nose, sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes. The document discusses the causes, risk factors, diagnosis through medical history and skin/blood tests, and potential complications like asthma, sinusitis, or sleep issues. Treatment options including medications and lifestyle changes are also mentioned.
immune diseases
This document summarizes the four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I (immediate hypersensitivity), Type II (antibody-mediated), Type III (immune complex-mediated), and Type IV (cell-mediated). Type I reactions are IgE-mediated and involve mast cell and basophil degranulation. Common examples include allergic rhinitis and anaphylaxis. Type II reactions are mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies targeting antigens on cells, while Type III reactions involve immune complex deposition and complement activation. Type IV reactions are T cell-mediated and involve delayed hypersensitivity responses.
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Atrophic rhinitis and Allergic rhinitis-ENT 3rd MBBS
Atrophic rhinitis and Allergic rhinitis-ENT 3rd MBBS
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Allergic rhinitis
- 1. Allergic rhinitis & Vasomotor rhinitis
- 2. • IgE mediated immunological response of nasal mucosa to air borne allergen • Characterized by sneezing, itching, watery nasal discharge, nasal obstruction
- 3. Aetiopathogenesis • IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction to specific allergen • Allergens - pollen, grass, weeds- seasonal allergic rhinitis - House dust mite, animal hair, dander, perfumes, feathers, smoke, dust, atmospheric pollutant-perennial allergic rhinitis
- 5. • IgE produced by plasma cell- FC fraction bind to mast cell, FAB combines with antigenic substance- degranulation of mast cells-histamine release, slow releasing substance of anaphylaxis
- 10. • Atopy – Tendency to develop an exaggerated IgE antibody response to one or more allergen – Allergic disorder include allergic rhinitis, asthma, eczema – Genetically inherited
- 11. Types • Seasonal allergic rhinitis (Hay Fever) – Inhaled allergen- pollen grain – Certain season –spring, autumn • Perennial allergic rhinitis – Occur throughout year – Caused by house dust mite etc
- 12. Clinical features • B/L nasal obstruction • Rhinorrhoea • Paroxysms of sneezing • Hyposmia • Itchiness of nose, eyes, palate • Associated other allergy
- 13. • Signs – Boggy, bluish edematous turbinates – Excessive nasal secretions • Sequelae – Regression – Progression to bronchial asthma, ethmoidal polyp – Recurrent sinusitis – Serous ottitis media
- 16. Investigations • Nasal smear microscopy- eosinophilia • Skin prick test- 10-30% asymptomatic- positive test • RAST (radioallerosorbent test) • Serum IgE • Nasal provocation test • Scratch test
- 17. Treatment • Avoidance of allergens • Medication – Antihistaminics- cetrizine, fexophenadine, loratadine – Topical corticosteroids spray- fluticasone, momentasone, budesonide, beclomethasone – Mast cell stabilizers- sodium chromoglycate – Nasal decongestant- oxymetazoline, xylometazoline
- 18. • Desensitization – Blocking IgG antibody that prevent antigen binding to IgE – Effective for seasonal allergy – Drawbacks • Multiple allergy • Difficult to identify exact allergen • Series of injections • Anaphylaxis • Recurrence
- 19. Vasomotor rhinitis • Non infective, non allergic condition • Aetiology is obscure • Clinical features similar to allergic rhinitis
- 20. • Pathophysiolgy – Disorder of autonomic nervous system-parasympathetic stimulation – Stress, emotional disturbances – aggravate the symptoms – Increase in vascularity- nasal mucosal swelling, rhinorrhea, sneezing • No definitive allergen identified
- 21. • Eosinophilic – Moderate nasal obstruction – Mild rhinorrhea – Minimal sneezing – Hyposmia present – Marked mucosal swelling – Inf turbinate enlarged – Polyp frequent – Sinus mucosal thickening- frequent • Non eosinophilic – Mild nasal obstruction – Severe rhinorrhea – Minimal sneezing – Hyposmia-rare – Mucosal swelling mild – Mild inf turbinate enlargement – Polyp- never – Sinus mucosal thickening - rare
- 22. • Types – Runners – Blockers • Treatment – Topical nasal steroids – Antihistaminics – Vedian nerve neurectomy
- 23. – Enlarged inferior turbinates • Linear thermal cautery • Submucosal diathermy, cryotherapy • Turbinoplasty