This document discusses sustainable development and the need to accelerate action on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It notes that while poverty and child mortality have decreased, hunger and economic losses from disasters are rising. Urgent action is needed on climate change as the last few years were among the warmest on record. The rest of the document focuses on biofuels from algal biomass, including what biofuels are, advantages over petroleum diesel, techniques for cultivating and processing algae into biodiesel, harvesting algal biomass, and extracting oil from algae. It concludes that algae is an efficient biodiesel source but requires further research to unlock its full potential and address challenges like
In this world of concerns regarding depletion of fossil fuels, pollution control and other factors leading to threat of man kind survival a way of producing biodiesel from algae which can be a source of alternative fuel. Lots of methods and sources being used for producing biodiesel but from algae one can produce high amount of biodiesel depending on the type of species or strain selected and this way this is a viable and feasible method to produce biodiesel.....
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to examine the increasing economic feasibility of algae biofuels. Algae can be grown in places where traditional crops cannot be grown and it consumes carbon dioxide, thus making it better than traditional sources of biofuels. It can also be harvested every 10 days thus making its oil yield per acre 200 times higher than corn and 40 times higher than sunflowers. The problem is that harvesting and extracting the algae requires large amounts of labor and energy (drying) and the algae may damage surrounding eco-systems. Thus new and better processes along with large scale production are needed to solve these problems. These slides discuss the various approaches (open pond, photo-bioreactor, fermentation), their advantages and disadvantages, their existing and future costs, and other improvements that are driving steadily falling costs. In the short term, algae will continue to be used in niche applications such as cosmetics, food, and fertilizers. In the long run, as the cost reductions continue, algae might become a major source of fuel for transportation and other applications.
A biofuel is a hydrocarbon that is made BY or FROM a living organism that we humans can use to power something. A thorough research work has been carried out by few of the colleagues(me & my MBA mates) to analyze the potential for the algae fuel and how can it be made commercially viable.
In this world of concerns regarding depletion of fossil fuels, pollution control and other factors leading to threat of man kind survival a way of producing biodiesel from algae which can be a source of alternative fuel. Lots of methods and sources being used for producing biodiesel but from algae one can produce high amount of biodiesel depending on the type of species or strain selected and this way this is a viable and feasible method to produce biodiesel.....
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to examine the increasing economic feasibility of algae biofuels. Algae can be grown in places where traditional crops cannot be grown and it consumes carbon dioxide, thus making it better than traditional sources of biofuels. It can also be harvested every 10 days thus making its oil yield per acre 200 times higher than corn and 40 times higher than sunflowers. The problem is that harvesting and extracting the algae requires large amounts of labor and energy (drying) and the algae may damage surrounding eco-systems. Thus new and better processes along with large scale production are needed to solve these problems. These slides discuss the various approaches (open pond, photo-bioreactor, fermentation), their advantages and disadvantages, their existing and future costs, and other improvements that are driving steadily falling costs. In the short term, algae will continue to be used in niche applications such as cosmetics, food, and fertilizers. In the long run, as the cost reductions continue, algae might become a major source of fuel for transportation and other applications.
A biofuel is a hydrocarbon that is made BY or FROM a living organism that we humans can use to power something. A thorough research work has been carried out by few of the colleagues(me & my MBA mates) to analyze the potential for the algae fuel and how can it be made commercially viable.
A variety of fuels can be made from biomassi resources including the liquid fuels ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane. Biofuels research and development is composed of three main areas: producing the fuels, applications and uses of the fuels, and distribution infrastructure.
Biofuels are primarily used to fuel vehicles, but can also fuel engines or fuel cells for electricity generation. For information about the use of biofuels in vehicles, see the Alternative Fuel Vehicle page under Vehicles. See the Vehicles page for information about the biofuels distribution infrastructure. See the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells page for more information about hydrogen as a fuel.
A powerpoint presentation on biofuels . Application , manufacture , advantages and disadvantages of biofuels also included . Presentation based on sustainable devolopment . A useful powerpoint presentation for engineering students . GO GREEN . Thank you .
Biodiesel can also be used as a heating fuel in domestic and commercial boilers, a mix of heating oil and biofuel which is standardized and taxed slightly differently from diesel fuel used for transportation. Bioheat fuel is a proprietary blend of biodiesel and traditional heating oil.
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A variety of fuels can be made from biomassi resources including the liquid fuels ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane. Biofuels research and development is composed of three main areas: producing the fuels, applications and uses of the fuels, and distribution infrastructure.
Biofuels are primarily used to fuel vehicles, but can also fuel engines or fuel cells for electricity generation. For information about the use of biofuels in vehicles, see the Alternative Fuel Vehicle page under Vehicles. See the Vehicles page for information about the biofuels distribution infrastructure. See the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells page for more information about hydrogen as a fuel.
A powerpoint presentation on biofuels . Application , manufacture , advantages and disadvantages of biofuels also included . Presentation based on sustainable devolopment . A useful powerpoint presentation for engineering students . GO GREEN . Thank you .
Biodiesel can also be used as a heating fuel in domestic and commercial boilers, a mix of heating oil and biofuel which is standardized and taxed slightly differently from diesel fuel used for transportation. Bioheat fuel is a proprietary blend of biodiesel and traditional heating oil.
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Microalgal applications for biofuel productionSAIMA BARKI
Finding alternate to fossil fuels and 21st century,,
The use of microalgae as an alternate for fossil fuel, need of hour not because of political concerns but because required for the food security of next generations.
Biofuel (AKA agrofuel): any fuel whose energy is obtained through a process of biological carbon fixation
Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources.
Flue gas mitigation technology that will aid in alleviating our emissions from point sources (i.e. power plants) by supplementing growth of ALGAE to produces our transportation sector fuels.
A brief discussion over the classifications of Biofuels and their advantages and disadvantages that should be considered for energy solution in the future.
CONTENTS :
Introduction
Biofuel feedstock
Classification of Biofuels
Manufacturing Process of Biofuels
Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofuel
Biofuel Scenario
Conclusion
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
3. The need for Sustainable Development
While extreme poverty has been reduced considerably in the past decades, there
are pockets in the world where it still stubbornly persists.
Worldwide, child mortality decreased substantially over the past several decades.
Child marriage has continued to decline around the world.
Ensuring access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy for all is one step
closer.
Despite efforts to reduce the risks from disasters, economic losses in 2017
attributed to disasters were estimated at over $300 billion.
Global hunger is on the rise after a period of prolonged decline.
Urgent action on climate change is imperative, as 2017 was one of the three
warmest years on record.
Seven reasons we need to step up action on the
SDGs:
4. What is a Biofuel?
• Biofuel (aka Agrofuel): Any fuel whose
energy is obtained through a process of
biological carbon fixation
• Carbon Fixation
• A chemistry process that converts
carbon dioxide into a hydrocarbon
molecule (a source of energy) that would
be found in a living organism
• If this process occurs in a living
organism, it is referred to as “biological
carbon fixation”
Photosynthesis is a biological carbon fixation process
utilized by plants to obtain energy in the form of
carbohydrates.
A Lesson Learned from Nature
5. Advantages over Petro-Diesel
• Renewable source
• Biodegradable/Nontoxic
• No Sulfur/High Lubricity
• Carbon Neutral (reduce carbon
footprint)
• Lower Flash Point
• Reduced Emissions
6. Beneficial Biofuels—The Food, Energy, and Environment Trilemma
The search for beneficial biofuels should focus on
sustainable biomass feedstocks that neither compete
with food crops nor directly or indirectly cause land-
clearing and that offer advantages in reducing
greenhouse-gas emissions.
The best biofuels make good substitutes for fossil energy.
7. Microalgae are prokaryotic or eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms that can grow rapidly and live in harsh
conditions due to their unicellular or simple multi-cellular structure.
• Algae are recognised as one of the oldest life-forms.
• They are primitive plants (thallophytes), i.e. lacking roots, stems and leaves, have no sterile covering of cells
around the reproductive cells.
• They have chlorophyll as their primary photosynthetic pigment.
Examples:
Prokaryotic microorganisms: Cyanobacteria (Cyanophyceae) Eukaryotic microalgae: Green algae (Chlorophyta) and
diatoms (Bacillariophyta)
Microalgae and Why it is used?
11. Algae can adventitiously be cultivated in diverse ways:
• Open ponds
Algae is grown in a pond in the open air
• Simple design and low capital costs
• Less efficient than other systems
• Other organisms can contaminate the pond and potentially damage or kill the
algae
• Closed-loop systems
• Similar to open ponds but not exposed to the atmosphere and use of a sterile
source of carbon dioxide
• Could potentially be directly connected to carbon dioxide sources (such as
smokestacks) and thus use the gas before it is every released into the
atmosphere
• Photobioreactors
• Complex, expensive, closed systems
• Significantly higher yield and better control
Techniques for Cultivating Algae
12. Three different designs of open pond systems
• Raceway pond
• Circular pond
• Unstirred pond
Closed-loop systems
Photobioreactors
20. Drying and Processing
Drying
Harvested algae contain 97%-99% water.
Removal of most of the water is necessary for long
term storage of the algae feedstock and is required
for many downstream processes.
To keep algae from prolonged microbial growth,
the moisture level of the harvested algae should be
kept below 7%.
Drying is an energy intensive process and can
account for up to 30% of the total production
costs.
Natural drying (solar and wind) is the most
economical way; however, its weather dependent
nature could easily put the operation at risk of
spoilage.
It requires a long time and labour.
Processing
Extracting the oil and converting the oil from algae
to biodiesel are the primary driving force for algae
to fuels technology development.
The oil extracted can be converted to biodiesel via
transesterification reaction.
Nevertheless, the whole algae or the residues from
oil extraction are excellent feedstock for making
other fuels and products via different processes.
For example, the starch and cellulose components
are suitable for ethanol fermentation.
24. Other uses of algal biomass as energy source
Ethanol fermentation of starch and cellulose in Algae
Thermochemical conversion
Gasification
Hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification
Anaerobic digestion
25. Bio-Diesel Hybrid
• GM Hybrid Bus
EP system
Clean Hybrid technology
Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide reduction
of about 90%
Nitrous oxide reduction of about 50%
Already in service in many cities
Up to 60% improved fuel economy
Application
26. Advantages
• They are newer and dependable sources of energy.
• Biodiesel serves as a sustainable source of energy due to the lower carbon
footprint.
• Greenhouse Gases -The emission of greenhouse gases is low thus it does
not contribute much in the global warming.
• Energy Independent - If a country has enough area to develop a significant
amount of biomass and produce bio fuel from it, it makes that nation
energy independent.
• Economic Source - Biodiesel is an economic source as it requires cheaper
substrate and also generates jobs.
• Algal biomass - It is the best biomass which can be used, it produces an oil
which can easily be transformed into diesel.
27. Disadvantages
• Stability - The bio fuel derived from algal biomass possesses less stability
due to a high content of poly unsaturated fats.
• Mono culture problem - Production of single kind of biomass may pose a
threat of loss due to pest, water pollution, catastrophic failure.
• Water requirements - Whether is closed system or open ponds agal
biomass requires a significant amount of water.
• Surface area - Growing sufficient algal biomass requires a large surface
area.
• Fertilizer production is carbon dependent
• Relatively high upfront capital costs
• Not clear yet what the ultimate cost per gallon will be. Presently too high.
28.
29. Conclusion
• Algae is a very efficient means of producing biodiesel.
• The oil production from algae farms is feasible and scalable.
• Further research necessary to unlock full potential of algae.
• Biodiesel has become more attractive recently because of its
environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable
resources.
• With the increase in global human population, more land may be
needed to produce food for human consumption (indirectly via
animal feed).