Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 28th issue, published on November, 2011.

1. o;leq s] s] <
g p8';af/] yk hfgsf/L==@÷#
g df};dL zAbx?====================#
g cd]l/sfM 5f]6f] hfgsf/L====$
g 8]nfO6 ;]leª==========================$
g gful/stfsf k|Zg–pQ/=====$
@)!! gf]e]Da/
jif{ @ c+s @*
;Dkfblso
p8';sf] ;d:of
p8'; ;fgf x'G5g . xfdLnfO{ 6f]s]/
s] kf] xf]nf / < eGg] h:tf] nfU5 .
logLx¿n] 6f]s]sf] 7fpF lrnfpg',
;'lGgg' t ;fdfGo g} eof] . xfdLnfO{
emsf]{ Hofbf nfU5 . kmf]xf]/L x'Fb}gg
t/ lbuldu a9L nfU5 .
xfdLnfO{ xtf; kf5{g . s] u/f}+
s;f] u/f}+ x'G5 . ljifsf] k|of]u ug{
xtf/ x'G5 . o:t} ljif k|of]uaf6
uPsf cf7 jif{df ;ft /fHodf ! ;o
!! hgf dflg; la/fdL eP . tL !
;o !! dWo] ^$ hgf Go'of]s{sf dfq
lyP . gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf /fHodf Ps
dlxnf la/fdL eOg . pgn] o:tf]
ljif 3/df dfq l56]sL lyOgg,
cfˆgf] z/L/df l56]sL lyOg.
p8';n] tL dlxnfnfO{ h:t}
;a}nfO{ xtf; t'NofpF5g. To;}
n] o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ ljifsf]
k|of]u ubf{ hfGg] dfG5]sf] ;xof]u lng'
cfjZos x'G5 .
cflv/ s] ubf{ ;lhnf] x'G5 <
c¿sf s'/f ;'Gg'k5{ . kflxPsf ;fdu|L
k9g'k5{ . hLjgeGbf dxTjk"0f{ s]
5 /< wGojfb
x]bf{ ;fgf nfu] klg p8';
(Bed bugs) n] w]/} 3/–
kl/jf/nfO{ ;tfPsf
5g . p8';nfO{ 3/leq
cfpg glbg ;ts{ x'g'–
kg]{ / 3/leq cfP eg]
/f]syfdsf pkfo ckgfpg'
kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
p8'; s:tf x'G5g<
;fgf], kftnf], dflg; jf c?
hLj ;'t]sf a]nf 6f]s]/ afFRg] of]
ls/f uf9f /ftf]–v}/f] /+usf
x'G5g. o;sf kv]6f
x'Fb}gg. oL bf}8b}gg, p8b}gg
jf pk|mb}gg. p8'; ! ldln–
ld6/ b]lv & ldlnld6/ nfdf
x'G5g. /ut gkfpFbf klg
p8'; dlxgf}+ afFRg ;S5g.
sxfF kfOG5g<
p8'; ;a}h;f] dxfb]z -pQ/
/ blIf0f cd]l/sf, clk|msf,
Plzof, o'/f]k_ df kfOG5g.
ljz]ifu/L ljsf;lzn b]zdf
kfOg] oL ls/f clxn] cd]l/sf,
Sofg8f, a]nfot / o'/f]ksf
cGo km}ng yfn]sf 5g.
p8'; kfFrtf/] -kmfOe :6f/_
xf]6n / l/hf]6{x?df klg
e]l6Psf 5g. o;n] ubf{ p8';
oxfF kfOG5g jf ToxfF kfOFb}–
gg eGg g;lsg] ePsf] 5.
dfG5] ;'Tg] 7fpFs} j/k/
p8'; e]l6G5g. 3/, ckf6{d]G6,
xf]6n, hxfh, a;,
sxf“af6 cfp“5g <
s] ug]{ <
cdc.gov
af“sL k]h @ df

2. /]n, sfof{no, gl;{ª xf]d,
afn:ofxf/ s]Gb| -8] s]o/_ cflb
hxfF klg e]l6Psf 5g.
p8'; lbpF;f] n'S5g.
/fte/df !)) lkm6;Dd ofqf
ug{ ;S5g. dfG5] ;'Tg] u/]sf]
7fpFsf] cf7 lkm6 cf;kf;df
e]l6G5g.
s] p8';n] /f]u km}nfpF5g<
p8';nfO{ lrlsT;f jf
cfd:jf:Yosf nflu 3fts
k|efj kfg]{ ls6sf ?kdf
x]l/Psf] 5}g. clxn];Dd
p8';sf sf/0f s'g} /f]u
km}ng] u/]sf] k|df0f km]nf
k/]sf] 5}g.
;'t]sf 7fpFdf p8';n]
6f]s]kl5 lrnfpg] ug'{sf ;fy}
lgb|f srkr t x'G5. lrnfP/
sGofpFbf–sGofpFb} 7"nf] 3fp
x'gfn] 5fnfdf cGo ;d:of eg]
cfpg;S5.
w]/} 6f]s]/ …PnhL{Ú ePkl5
eg] cf}ifwL ug'{k5{.
p8';n] kmf]xf]/df a:5g<
p8';nfO{ kmf]xf]/n] Nofpg]
xf]Og. oLgLx?nfO{ tftf] 7fpF,
/ut / sfa{g 8fOcS;fO8 x'g]
7fpF dgk5{. p8'; pHofnf]df
oL b]lvb}gg. cWof/f] dg
k/fpF5g.
aQL afn]/ ;'Tof] eg] p8';n]
sd 6f]s]sf] cg'ej ul/Psf] 5.
p8'; s;/L a95g<
sl/a ^% l8u|L kmx/]gxfO6df
p8'; /fd|/L afFR5g. # dlxgfdf
hjfg x'G5g. sl/a *^ df
l8u|L kmx/]gxfO6 eof] eg]
t c08faf6 hjfg x'g tLg
xKtfdfq nfU5. lr;f]eGbf tftf]
p8';sf nflu /fd|f] x'G5. Pp6f
kf]yL p8';n] 5 xKtfdf # ;o
j6f;Dd c08f kf5{.
s] p8';n] 6f]s]kl5 s] x'G5<
p8';n] 6f]Sbf dfG5]lkR5]
km/s c;/ b]lvG5g. s;}nfO{
6f]s]sf] kQ} x'Fb}g t s;}sf]
5fnfdf bfu;Dd b]lv+b}g.
s;}sf] 5fnfdf bfu b]lvG5
t s;}nfO{ lrnfP/ x}/fg
kf5{.
p8'; ePsf] s;/L yfxf x'G5<
l p8';n] 6f]s]sf bfux?
b]lvG5g.
l 6f]s]sf] 7fpF lrnfpF5.
6f]s]sf] 7fpF /ftf] -8fa/
cfpF5_ x'G5 / ;'lGgG5.
s;}–s;}nfO{ o;n] 6f]s]sf]
!$ lbgkl5 klg bfu
b]lvPsf 5g. 6f]s]sf] w]/}
;dokl5 lrnfpg' jf c;/
b]lvg'df o;n] 6f]Sbf xfd|f]
z/L/df 5f8g] /;fog xf].
o; /;fognfO{
…Pg]:y]l6sÚ elgG5, h;n]
xfd|f] 5fnfnfO{ n7ofpF5.
l cf]5ofg ldnfpFbf, tGbf
jf tlsofsf vf]n km'sfNbf
d/]sf p8';x? e]l6G5g.
l lslRrP eg] p8';
uGxfpF5g.
l /ut vfPsf p8';sf] /+u
uf9f ePsf] x'G5.
l Dof6«];, tof/L l;/s
-ANofGs]6_, l;/fgL jf cGo
cf]5ofgsf df]l8Psf 7fpFdf
p8'; e]l6G5g.
l p8';sf] lbzf -kmf]xf]/
u/]sf] j:t'_ /uts} /+usf]
x'G5.
l p8';sf] c08f /
c08fsf] vf]n ;]tf] x'G5.
l p8'; lslrP/ d/]sf]
7fpFdf /utsf bfu lvof
k/]sf] h:tf] /+usf] x'G5.
p8'; s;/L km]nf kfg'{ <
p8'; n'Sg l;kfn' x'G5g.
z/L/ kftnf] x'g] ePsfn] ;fgf]
7fpFdf n'S5g. p8';nfO{ Ps
7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF ofqf
ug]{ dflg;n] klg ;f5{g.
7"nf zx/df a9L ;d:of
xflgsf/s ls/f–lgoGqs …6ld{lgS;Ú (Terminix) sDkgLn] u/]sf]
cWoogdf Go'of]s{ bf];|f]k6s a9L p8'; ePsf cd]l/sL zx/
x?df klxnf] 5. Go'of]s{sf ckf6{d]G6, Jofkfl/s ejg cflb w]/}
7fpFdf p8'; km]nf k/]sf 5g. jfl;Gbf tyf ofq' -ko{6s_ ;Fusf]
;j]{If0f / p8'; lgoGq0fsf nflu ul/Psf cg'/f]waf6 tof/ kfl/Psf]
l/kf]6{df p8';af6 a9L k|efljt d'Vo !% cd]l/sL zx/ oL x'g M
)!= Go'of]s{ (New York)
)@= l;gl;Gof6L (Cincinnati)
)#= 8]6«f]o6 (Detroit)
)$= l;sfuf] (Chicago)
)%= lkmnf8]lNkmof (Philadelphia)
)^= 8]Ge/ (Denver)
)&= jfl;+u6g l8;L (Washington, D.C.)
)*= n; PGhn; (Los Angeles)
)(= af]:6g (Boston)
!)= ;fg k|mflG;:sf] (San Francisco)
!!= sf]nDa; (Columbus), cf]xfof] (Ohio)
!@= 8]6g (Dayton), cf]xfof] (Ohio)
!#= aflN6df]/ (Baltimore)
!$= n'O{leNn (Louisville), s]G6sL (Kentuky)
!%= 8fn; (Dallas)
;Gtf]ifkf]v/]n
@
af“sL k]h # df

3. #
z/b Ct'nfO{ c+u|]hLdf …c6dÚ (Autumn)
elgG5. af]nLrfnLdf of] …kmnÚ (Fall) klg
xf]. o;k6s z/b Ct';Fu ;DalGwt s]lx
zAb c+u|]hL / g]kfnL gfdM
Pumpkin : km;L{
Apple : :ofp
Leaf : kft
Foliage : kNnj, xFfufla+uf, kft–klt+u/
Rake : kft ;f]g]{ nfdf] 808f ePsf] bfFt]
cf}hf/
Hay : ;'s]sf] 3fF;, k/fn
Web : hfnf] -dfs'/fsf] hfnf]_
Turkey : sflnhsf] hftsf] t/
Tof]eGbf 7"nf] cd]l/sfsf] /}yfg]
r/f] -clxn] cGoq klg kfOG5_, 6sL{
Corn : ds}
Acorn : cf]s gfds ?vsf] bfgf
Scarecrow : a'Vofrf h:tf] ?kdf
cd]l/sfdf dgfOg] kj{df /flvPsf e"tfxf
?k.
Yofªu;–luleªuaf/] hfgf}+
Yofªu;–luleªu (Thanksgiving) cd]l/sfsf]
Pp6f rf8 xf]. cd]l/sfdf Yofªu;–luleªu
gf]e]Da/ dlxgfsf] rf}yf] lalxaf/ dgfOG5.
;fj{hlgs labf lbOg] of] lbg o; jif{
gf]e]Da/ @% df k/]sf] 5. Yofªu;–luleªu
/ z/b Ct'df ;'lgg] s]lx zAb p:t} x'G5g.
To;}n] dfly gePsf t/ Yofªu;–luleªu–
;Fu ;DalGwt zAb c+u|]hL / g]kfnL gfdM
Pie : 6'qmf kf/L vfg ldNg] km;L{, lk7f]
cflbaf6 agfOPsf] kfp/f]6Lh:tf] uf]nf]
kl/sf/
Yam : t?n
Hat : 5q] 6f]kL
Indians : cd]l/sfsf /}yfg] afl;Gbf
Pilgrims : tLyf{n', tLy{ofqL
Cornucopia : ;f]nL cfsf/sf] efF8f] ;fd'Gg]
:ofp, km;L{, ds}, a]/L /ftf–kx]+nf kftx?
cflb /flvPsf] ;hfj6.
z/b Ct' hfgf}+
zAb–e08f/
nufPsf n'ufdf oL sd cfP klg Dof6«];
-u2fjfn 8;gf_, emf]nf, k6ofOPsf n'uf,
kmlg{r/ cflbdf cfpF5g. w]/}h;f] dflg;nfO{
cfkm"n] p8'; af]s]/ NofPsf] yfx} x'Fb}g.
p8';n] s;nfO{ a9L 6f]S5<
h;nfO{ klg 6f]S5g. p8'; a9L kfOg]
If]qdf a:g] jf uO/xg] hf]sf]lxnfO{ p8';n]
6f]S5g.
6f]s]sf 7fpFdf s] ug]{<
o;n] 6f]s]kl5 7"nf] ;+qmd0f t x'Fb}g.
6f]s]sf] 7fpFdf nufpg] dnxd kfOG5g.
lrnfP/ 7"nf] 3fp kfg'{eGbf dnxd nufpg'
g} pQd pkfo xf].
s;/L lgoGq0f ug]{<
l p8';nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ l56g] cf}ifwL
kfOG5g. 3/a]6L jf o:tf] cf}ifwL l56g]
dfG5]x?;Fu ;Dks{ u/]/ cf}ifwL l56g
;lsG5.
l cf]5ofg / o; j/k/ lgoldt
x]g]{ ug'{k5{.
l n'uf ;'sfpg] pks/0fx? k|of]u
ug'{xf];. p8'; x'g] zx/ jf If]qdf uP/
kms]{kl5 n'ufx? Knfl:6sdf
kf]sf] kfg'{xf];. oL n'ufnfO{ l;w}+ ;'sfpg]
dlzg -8«fo/_ df xfNg'xf];. p8';x?
hxfFaf6 cfpg ;S5g, n'ufx?df jf
lk7o"df af]Sg] emf]nfx?df cfpg] oL ls/f
/ o;sf c08f dfg]{ pkfo – oL sk8f
w]/} tftf] -!!# l8u|L kmx/]gxfO6 jf $%
l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8_ df /fv]/ 36Ldf Ps 306f
;'sfpg' g} xf]. p8'; gb]v] klg o;/L g}
ttfpg'xf]; lsgsL ltgLx? n's]sf x'g
;S5g. c08fx? klg ;–;fgf x'G5g .
l c?n] k|of]u ul/;s]sf ;hfj6
-6]a'n, s';L{_ sf ;fdfgx? 3/
gNofpg'xf]];. ;8s 5]p kmflnPsf
kmlg{r/x? /l2 ;fdfg x'g. c?n] k|of]u
ul/;s]sf jf ef8fdf NofPsf kmlg{r/
x?df p8'; af; a;]sf x'g ;S5g.
p8'; lgoGq0f ug{ s] ug'{x'Gg<
l p8'; lgoGq0f ug{ cfuf] nfUg]
vfnsf j:t'x? M dl§t]n, /S;L, Uof;f]–
lng jf l8h]n cflbsf] k|of]u ug'{x'Gg.
l k'/} 3/ ttfP/ p8'; df5'{ eGg'
d'v{tf xf]. tkfO{sf w]/} ;/;fdfg lau|g
;S5g. 3/df cfunfuL x'g;S5.
s:tf] ;dodf xf]lzof/ x'g]<
l kfx'gf cfO/xg] 3/ jf ckf6{d]G6df
p8'; cfpg] ;+efjgf a9L /xG5. cfkm"
klg aflx/ uO/xg] xf] eg] cfkm";Fu klg
cfpg ;S5g.
l /]i6'F/fdf uP/ vfhf vfg'eof].
cfˆgf] lk7o"df af]Sg] emf]nf sfvdf
/fVg'df ;§f lk7o"df /fVg'eof]. d]raf6
p8'; emf]nfdf ;/]sf x'g ;S5g.
l xjfOhxfhsf] ofqfdf l;/fgL /
cf]9g] -ANofGs]6_ cfkm"nfO{ rflxG5 eg]
;se/ cfkm}+ nfg'xf];. ljdfg;]jfsf
o:tf j:t'df klg p8'; e]l6Psf 5g.
ljdfgofqfdf yf]/} ;fdfg af]Sg'xf];.
;fdfg …nu]hÚ df k7fpg] u/L gePs}
/fd|f] x'G5. 6fpsf]dflysf] emf]nfx? /fVg]
7fpFdf p8'; sd kfOPsf 5g.
l ofqfdf uPsf a]nf xf]6ndf a:bf
cfˆgf emf]nfx? afy?dsf] s'gfdf
/fVbf ;'/lIft x'G5g. kn+u, 6]a'n
cflbaf6 lgs} 6f9f p8'; k'Ug] ;+efjgf
sd x'G5. To;}n] n'ufx? d'v 7Kk aGb
x'g] jf sl:;g] vfnsf Knfl:6sleq
n'uf /fVg'xf];. 6]a'nsf] 3/f{df n'uf /fVb}
g/fVg'xf];. ;fdfGotM 3/f{ sf7n] ag]sf]
x'G5. wft' jf 6fondf p8'; a:g
;Sb}gg. sf7 ePsf 7fpF / lj:t/f
cflbdf p8'; a9L x'G5g.
-;|f]t M CDC, EPA, USA Today,
nhbedbugs, Washington Post_
cdc.gov
6sL{ r/f]
p8';sf]
hLjgrqm

4. gf]e]Da/ (November) ^ tfl/v cd]l/sfdf
;dodf x]/km]/ x'g]5. jif{sf] b'O{k6s o;/L
;do 36a9 ul/g] sfdnfO{ …8]–nfO6 ;]leªÚ
(Daylight Saving) elgG5. udL{sf] df};d
;fFemsf] pHofnf] ;b'kof]u ug{ 38LnfO{ Ps 3G6f
cuf8L ;fl/G5. hf8f] ;'? ePkl5 Tof] ;do–
S & T Communications, 10 Ashley Dr, Manchester, NH 03103, Ph: 603 661 1039, Email : info@aksharica.com,
Website : www. aksharica.com, Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya
$
pQ/L l;dfgf
cd]l/sL gful/s x'g lbg'kg]{ gful/s k/LIff
(Civic Test_l;les 6]:6) df o;k6s pQ/L
l;dfgfdf kg]{ /fHoaf/] k|Zg–pQ/M
!= Sofg8f;“u hf]l8Psf] Ps /fHosf] gfd
eGg'xf]; . (Name one state that borders
Canada.)
– l d]g (Maine)
l ldg];f]6f (New Hampshire)
l Go' XofD;/ (New Hampshire)
l gy{ 8sf]6f (North Dakota)
l ed{G6 (Vermont)
l df]G6fgf (Montana)
l Go'of]s{ (New York)
l cfO8fxf] (Idaho)
l k]G;neflgof (Pennsylvania)
l jfl;+u6g (Washington)
l cf]xfof] (Ohio)
l cnf:sf (Alaska)
l ldl;ug (Michigan)
-cd]l/sfsf] pQ/L l;df % xhf/
dfOneGbf nfdf] 5. of] k"j{df d]g /fHoaf6
z'? eP/ klZrddf cnf:sfdf ;lsG5.
Sofg8f;Fu l;dfdf kg]{ !# /fHox? 5g.
;g !&*# df ePsf] …k]l/; ;Demf}tfÚ
n] cd]l/sf / Sofg8fsf] l;df
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] xf]._
5f]6s/Ldf
;+o'St /fHo cd]l/sf
;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf (United States of America) ljZjsf] t];|f] 7"nf] b]z xf].
hg;+Vofdf klg of] d'n's ljZjsf] t];|f] xf]. of] d'n's pQ/ cd]l/sf (North America)
gfds dxfb]zdf 5 . cd]l/sfdf %) /fHox? 5g . tL /fHodWo] $* j6f Ps–
csf{;Fu hf]l8Psf 5g . cd]l/sfsf] pQ/df Sofg8f (Canada) / blIf0fdf d]lS;sf]
(Mexico) tyf d]lS;sf] vf8L (Gulf of Mexico) 5 . k"jL{ lsgf/f cfGw| dxf;fu/ (At-
lantic Ocean) / klZrd lsgf/f k|zfGt dxf;fu/ (Pacific Ocean) ;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .
Sofg8fsf] pQ/–klZrddf cd]l/sfsf] cnf:sf (Alaska) /fHo hf]l8Psf] 5 .
Soflnkmf]lg{of (California) /fHosf] blIf0f–klZrd k|zfGt dxf;fu/df o;sf] xjfO{
(Hawaii) /fHo 5 .
oL %) /fHosf cltl/St Sof/]laog ;d'b| (Caribbean Sea) / k|zfGt dxf;fu/df
cd]l/sfsf] :jfldTjdf ljleGg e"efux? 5g .
cflwsfl/s gfd M ;+o'St /fHo cd]l/sf
/fhwfgL M jfl;+u6g, l8=;L= (Washington, DC)
/fli6«o :jtGqtf M ;g !&&^ h'nfO{ $
7"nf zx/x¿ M Go"of]s{, n; PGhn;, l;sfuf] (Chicago), Xo':6g (Houston),
lkmnf8]lNkmof, lkmlgS; (Phoenix), ;fg PG6f]lgof] (San Antonio), ;fg l8ofuf] (San
Diego), 8fn;, ;fg hf]; (San Jose)
l;dfgfdf d'n's, dxf;fu/ / ;d'b| M Sofg8f, d]lS;sf], cfGw| dxf;fu/, d]lS;sf] vf8L,
k|zfGt dxf;fu/
hg;+Vof M #),*&,$%,%#* -#) s/f]8 *& nfv $% xhf/ %#*÷;g @)!)_
If]qkmn M #^,!%,!@# ju{ dfOn -(#,&%,&@) ju{ lsnf]ld6/_
cUnf] efu M dfpG6 DofslsGn] (Mount McKinley), cnf:sf, ;d'b| ;txeGbf @),#@)
lkm6 -^,!($ ld6/_ dfly
xf]rf] efu M 8]y EofnL (Death valley), Soflnkmf]lg{of (California) ;d'b| ;txeGbf @*@
lkm6 -*^ ld6/_ tn
7"nf] /fHo M cnf:sf
;fgf] /fHo M /f]8 cfONof08 (Rhode Island)
d'Vo kj{t >[+vnfx¿ M /sL (Rocky), cKkfnflrofg (Appalachian)
d'Vo gbLx¿ M ldl;l;kL (Mississippi), ld;f}/L (Missouri), sf]nf]/f8f] (Colorado)
d'Vo efiff M c+u|]hL (English), :k]lgz (Spanish)
d'b|f M o'=P;= 8n/ (US Dollar)
/fli6«o r/f M d'8'nf] lrn (Bald Eagle)
/fli6«o km"n M u'nfkm (Rose)
/fli6«o ufg M b :6f/–:k]ªuN8 Aofg/ (The Star-Spangled Banner)
;/sf/sf] ¿k M ;+ljwfgdf cfwfl/t ;+3Lo u0f/fHo
8]–nfO6;]leª
nfO{ km]l/ lkmtf{ ul/G5.
udL{ ;'? x'Fbf dfr{sf] bf];|f] cfOtaf/ /
hf8f] ;'? x'Fbf gf]e]Da/sf] klxnf] cfOtaf/
;do x]/km]/ ul/G5. tkfO{n] gf]e]Da/ ^ df
38Ldf Ps 3G6f 36fpg'k5{. h:tf]M * ah]
sf] 38LnfO{ & ahfpg'k5{.
Names of institutuons, where
printed copies of
AKSHARICA are available,
given on our website -
lk|G6 u/]/ cIfl/sf af“9g] ;+:yfx¿sf]
gfd xfd|f] j]a;fO6df –
www.aksharica.com
epa.gov