This document summarizes various airway devices and techniques. It describes the Guedel airway, nasopharyngeal airway, LMA/I-GEL, laryngoscope, endotracheal tube, and cricothyroidotomy. For each device or technique, it provides information on the inventor or developer, indications for use, key features, and safety considerations. Videos are also embedded to demonstrate intubation and cricothyroidotomy procedures. The document aims to provide an overview of common airway management tools and techniques.

1. AIRWAY
Dr Shreyas Kate
Clinical Tutor
Dept of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care

2. Contents
• Airway Anatomy
• Guedel Airway (OPA)
• Nasopharyngeal Airway
• LMA: I GEL
• Laryngoscope
• ET Tube

3. Airway Anatomy

4. Airway Anatomy

6. Guedel Airway
• Arthur Ernest Guedel in 1933
• Indications
• To ensure airway patency:
Unconscious patient with loss of up-per airway muscle tone
Unconscious patient with difficult bag/mask seal
Intubated patient, in whom the oro-pharyngeal airway acts as a bite block, preventing the kinking of the softer endotracheal
tube
• To improve airway hygiene:
Suctioning a patient with poor secretion clearance
• Complications
• Gagging/vomiting, aspiration
• Damage to oral mucosa, and bleeding
• Damage to teeth, particularly if the patient bites down forcibly on the bite block.
• Occlusion of the glottis by an inappropriately sized larger-than-needed tube
• Failure of airflow

7. Guedel Airway

8. Nasopharyngeal Airway
• By Joseph Clover in 1870
Indications
• Semi-conscious patient with loss of upper airway muscle tone, intact gag reflex
• Semi-conscious patient with difficult bag/mask seal and with an intact gag reflex
• To improve airway hygiene: suctioning
Contraindications
• Base of skull fracture
• Coagulopathy: cause enough trauma to result in clinically significant epistaxis.

9. Nasopharyngeal Airway
Methods of use/insertion
• The airway is sized by placing it ver-tically along the patients face,
with the flange at the level of the nares, and the tip at the external
auditory meatus.
• Ideal position is about 10mm above the epiglottis.
• Spray nose with local anesthetic
• Lubricate the tube
• Insert at a 90° angle to the face

10. I-Gel
• Muhammed Aslam Nasir in 2007
• Features
• Made of styrene ethylene butadiene styrene (SEBS)
• Hygroscopic non inflatable cuff
• Max seal pressure 20-25 cm of H2o
• Non traumatic tip
• Gastric channel to decom-press stomach
• Second gen SGAD (Cooks classification
• Contraindication
Non-fasted patients for routine surgeries
Trismus, limited mouth open-ing, pharyngo-perilaryngeal abscess, trauma or mass.
Do not allow peak airway pressure of ventilation to ex-ceed 40cm H2O.
Do not leave the device in situ for more than four hours

11. I-Gel

12. I-GEL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuG6k6ndBpM

13. Laryngoscope

14. Laryngoscope

15. Laryngoscope

16. Video laryngoscope

17. Endotracheal Tube
by Dr Charles Kite in 1778
Indications
• To overcome an airway obstruction and to protect the airway
• To allow access to the lower airway for suc-tioning of secretions .
• To allow mechanical ventilation in a patient in whom non-invasive ventilation is contra-indicated.
• Indications for mechanical ventilation: To manipulate PaO2 and PaCO2
• To decrease the work of breathing
• To stabilize the chest wall in serious chest

18. Endotracheal Tube
Safety Features
• Single use item, no risk of cross-infection (Low-allergen PVC )
• Transparent ,Markings to indicate depth of inser-tion
• Black line to guide insertion to appropriate depth
• High volume low pressure cuff to seal the trachea
• Size labelling on pilot balloon
• Pilot cuff to gauge cuff pressure
• Rounded atraumatic edges (Bevelled tip )
• Radio-opaque line

19. Intubation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtJr7i7ENMY

20. Cricothyroidotomy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGVuKvcepP4