Air / Steam Regeneration Procedure for Primary Reforming Ccatalyst

•

6 likes•1,132 views

GBH Enterprises specializes in refinery process catalysts, including performance evaluation, analysis, and development of new technologies. The document provides procedures for air/steam regeneration of primary reforming catalysts either during shutdown or startup. During shutdown, steaming should continue for two hours before introducing a small amount of air to burn off carbon deposits, monitored by CO2 levels. During startup, normal heating with steam is followed by the same air regeneration process once temperatures reach 1300-1325°F, before removing air and resuming steam for two hours prior to introducing feed gas.

Technology Business

Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown
Activation Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass
Balance Analysis Catalyst Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance
Characterization Refining & Gas Processing & Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts /
Process Technology – Ammonia Catalyst Process Technology - Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals
Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining & Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
AIR/STEAM REGENERATION PROCEDURE
FOR
PRIMARY REFORMING CATALYSTS
Process Information Disclaimer
Information contained in this publication or as otherwise supplied to Users is
believed to be accurate and correct at time of going to press, and is given in
good faith, but it is for the User to satisfy itself of the suitability of the Product for
its own particular purpose. GBHE gives no warranty as to the fitness of the
Product for any particular purpose and any implied warranty or condition
(statutory or otherwise) is excluded except to the extent that exclusion is
prevented by law. GBHE accepts no liability for loss, damage or personnel injury
caused or resulting from reliance on this information. Freedom under Patent,
Copyright and Designs cannot be assumed.

Synthesis Gas and Refinery Hydrogen Applications Support balls or more accurately, support balls and hold-down balls will at times need to be specified to our customers. Advice may also be needed opposite the usage of meshes and hold-down screens. This brief report focuses on some key aspects to consider. 1. Support Balls 2. Hold-down Balls 3. Meshes over Exit Collector & Exit Screen 4. Hold-down Screens 5. Support and Hold-down Ball Compositions and Applications 6. High Surface Area Dust Collectors

AMMONIA storage

Rohit choudhary

There are three main methods for storing liquid ammonia: storage at ambient temperature and pressure in cylindrical vessels holding 2.5-150 tons; storage under pressure in spherical vessels holding thousands of tons; and storage at atmospheric pressure by reducing the temperature to -33°C in flat-bottomed cylindrical tanks holding over 3000 tons. Safety measures for ammonia storage include instrumentation and alarms for critical parameters like pressure, temperature, and level, as well as a flare system to safely vent excess pressure and ammonia detectors to monitor for leaks.

Key Considerations for a Reforming Unit Revamp

Gerard B. Hawkins

Revamp objectives Revamp Philosophy Revamp options Semi-Regenerative Reforming Unit Typical Flow Scheme Continuous Reforming Unit Typical Flow Scheme Revamp to Hybrid Operation What may be achieved? Typical C5+ Yield at Decreasing Pressure Changes Required for Full Conversion Typical Benefits of Full Conversion Revamping of Existing Continuous Reforming Units Fired Heaters Revamp Burners Reactor Options Regeneration Section Summary

(LTS) Low Temperature Shift Catalyst - Comprehensive Overview

Gerard B. Hawkins

The document discusses low temperature shift catalysts used in hydrogen production plants. It describes the purpose of low temperature shift catalysts in further converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide to improve hydrogen yield and remove impurities. It then covers the chemistry, typical operating conditions, factors influencing catalyst activity like temperature profile and poisons, and byproduct formation issues. The document promotes the VSG-C111/112 series as superior catalysts, highlighting their resistance to poisons like sulfur and chloride, low methanol byproduct formation, high activity, and strength properties.

Steam Reforming - Types of Reformer Design

Gerard B. Hawkins

Amine Gas Treating Unit - Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide

Gerard B. Hawkins

Amine Gas Treating Unit Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide for H2S/CO2 Amine Systems Contents Process Capabilities for gas treating process Typical Amine Treating Typical Amine System Improvements Primary Equipment Overview Inlet Gas Knockout Absorber Three Phase Flash Tank Lean/Rich Heat Exchanger Regenerator Filtration Amine Reclaimer Operating Difficulties Overview Foaming Failure to Meet Gas Specification Solvent Losses Corrosion Typical Amine System Improvements Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines during Sour Gas Treating APPENDIX Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide

Discharge and Reduction Procedures for Methanation Catalyst

Gerard B. Hawkins

Introduction High temperature shift Catalysts Low temperature shift catalysts Catalyst storage, handling, charging and discharging Health and safety precautions Reduction and start-up of high temperature shift catalysts Operation of high temperature shift catalysts Reduction and start-up of low temperature shift catalysts Operation of low temperature shift catalysts

Pre-reformer Operations Technical Supplement

Gerard B. Hawkins

This document discusses operating pre-reformers at high temperatures and the associated benefits and drawbacks. It notes that while higher temperatures allow for better thermal efficiency and feedstock flexibility in reformers, they can also cause hydrothermal sintering of catalysts over time from high heat and steam. The document provides guidelines for startup, reduction, and operation of pre-reformer catalysts to maximize performance while mitigating sintering risks.

Steam Reforming - Practical Operations

Gerard B. Hawkins

A presentation on reformer new

Gowri Shankar

The document discusses different types of reformers used in ammonia plants, including pre-reformers, primary reformers, and secondary reformers. It provides details on the process, internals, catalysts, and operating conditions of each reformer type. Primary reformers are described as duplex reforming furnaces containing nickel catalyst-loaded tubes that are fired by natural gas burners to drive the endothermic reforming reactions. Key variables that impact the reforming reactions such as temperature, pressure, steam-to-carbon ratio, and catalyst activity are also summarized.

Feedstock Purfication in Hydrogen Plants

Gerard B. Hawkins

Methanol Reformer Designs

Gerard B. Hawkins

Fluidized cataltic cracking.

vivek bhargude

The document describes the process of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) used in petroleum refineries. It explains that FCC converts high-boiling petroleum fractions into high-value gasoline and heating oil using a zeolite catalyst. The key components of an FCC unit are the reactor, where the reaction occurs, and the regenerator, where the catalyst is regenerated by burning off coke deposits. It then provides details on the operation of each component and the flow of catalyst and feedstock through the system. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of FCC and presents a case study analyzing catalyst selection for a refinery in Jiddah.

(HTS) High Temperature Shift Catalyst (VSG-F101) - Comprehensiev Overview

Gerard B. Hawkins

The document discusses improvements in high temperature shift catalysts. It describes the characteristics and operational issues of traditional HTS catalysts and how the new VULCAN Series VSG-F101 catalyst has addressed these issues through modifications to its microstructure and composition. The VSG-F101 has shown improved activity, strength, and resistance to thermal and mechanical stresses during plant upsets compared to previous catalysts.

Reactor and Catalyst Design

Gerard B. Hawkins

Reactor and Catalyst Design 0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE 1 SCOPE 2 FIELD OF APPLICATION 3 DEFINITIONS 4 CATALYST DESIGN 4.1 Equivalent Pellet Diameter 4.2 Voidage 4.3 Pellet Density 5 REACTOR DESIGN 6 CATALYST SUPPORT 6.1 Choice of Support TABLES 1 CATALYST SUPPORT SHAPES 2 SECONDARY REFORMER SPREADSHEET FIGURES 1 GRAPH OF EFFECTIVENESS v THIELE MODULUS 2 VARIATION OF COSTS WITH CATALYST SIZE 3 VARIATION OF COSTS WITH CATALYST BED VOIDAGE 4 VARIATION OF COSTS WITH VESSEL DIAMETER

Ammonia Synthesis Flowsheet - Operator training

Gerard B. Hawkins

(AGRU) ACID GAS SOUR SHIFT: CASE STUDY IN REFINERY GAS TREATMENT

Gerard B. Hawkins

(AGRU) ACID GAS SOUR SHIFT: CASE STUDY IN REFINERY GAS TREATMENT; Case Study: #0978766GB/H CASE STUDY OVERVIEW Syn Gas Sour Shift: Process Flow Diagram AGR: Acid Gas to VULCAN SYSTEMS Sour Gas Shift DESIGN BASIS: ACID GAS REACTOR CATALYST SPECIFICATION SOUR SHIFT CASE SHIFT REACTOR CATALYST SPECIFICATIONS COS REACTOR CATALYST SPECIFICATIONS SWEET SHIFT CASE SHIFT REACTOR CATALYST SPECIFICATIONS PERFORMANCE SIMULATION RESULTS SOUR SHIFT SECTION 1 Cases Considered 2 Catalyst Used 3 Client Requirements 4 Oxygen and Olefins 5 HCN 6 NH3 7 Arsine 8 Input Data Sour Shift Unit 9 Activity (PROPRIETARY) 10 Results ADIABATIC SWEET SHIFT SECTION: HTS Reactor followed by LTS Reactor 1 Catalyst Used 2 Inlet Operating Temperature HTS Reactor 3 Feed Flow Rate, Inlet Operating Pressure and Feed Composition HTS Reactor 4 Inlet Operating Conditions LTS Reactor 5 Client Requirements 6 Results: Standard Case as Presented to the Client 7 Results: Inlet Operating Pressure HTS Reactor = 25.2 bara 8 Results: Addition of 100 kmol/h N2 COS HYDROLYSIS SECTION FOR SWEET SHIFT CASE 1 Total Feed Flow Rate, Feed Composition, Direction of Flow, Inlet Operating Temperature, Inlet Operating Pressure 2 Inlet H2S and COS Levels 3 Equilibrium H2S and COS Levels (COS Hydrolysis Reaction) 4 Client Requirements 5 Results H2S REMOVAL SECTION AFTER AGR UNIT (2 Absorbent Beds (VULCAN VSG-EZ200) in Lead/Lag Arrangement) 1 Total Feed Flow Rate, Feed Composition, Direction of Flow, Inlet Operating Temperature, Inlet Operating Pressure 2 Inlet H2S and COS Levels 3 Client Requirements (All Cases) 4 Results ISOTHERMAL SWEET SHIFT SECTION: Alternative Approach VULCAN Simulation Input Data 1 Enthalpy method 2 Cases considered 3 Feed stream data 4 Kinetics 5 Catalyst 6 Catalyst Activity relative to standard 7 Catalyst size and packing details 8 Catalyst pressure drop parameters 9 Catalyst Volume 10 Standard die-off rate 11 BFW Rate 12 Vapor fraction 13 Steam Temperature 14 Steam Pressure 15 Boiling Model 16 Volumetric UA Isothermal Shift Simulations Results APPENDIX Characteristics of Acid Gas Removal Technologies

Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption:

Gerard B. Hawkins

Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption: Case Study: #06023300 Plant Note Book Series: PNBS-0602 CONTENTS 0 SCOPE 1 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS PROCESS FEED CONSUMPTION 2 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS PROCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION 3 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION FOR PILOT BURNERS OF FLARES 4 CALCULATION OF DEMIN. WATER FROM DEMIN. UNIT 5 CALCULATION OF DEMIN. WATER TO PACKAGE BOILERS 6 CALCULATION OF MP STEAM EXPORT 7 CALCULATION OF LP STEAM IMPORT 8 DETERMINATION OF ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION 9 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT ISBL 10 ADJUSTMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION FOR TEST RUN CONDITIONS 11 CALCULATION OF AMMONIA SHARE IN MP STEAM CONSUMPTION IN UTILITIES 12 CALCULATION OF AMMONIA SHARE IN ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION IN UTILITIES 13 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT OSBL 14 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT

Gas Heated Reforming - An Overview

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ammonia plant flowsheets

Gerard B. Hawkins

The document discusses various aspects of ammonia production processes including: 1) Simplified block diagrams of typical ammonia, methanol, and hydrogen production plants showing the main process units. 2) Modern conventional ammonia plant flowsheets have the same main process steps but differ in equipment designs between vendors. 3) Other flowsheet options for ammonia production including the Braun Purifier process, ICI AMV, ICI LCA, dual pressure Uhde process, and Linde LAC process. 4) Additional process modifications and options such as gas turbine drives, pre-reformers, heat recovery techniques, synthesis gas driers, and booster converters.

Ammonia Plant - Methanation Operations

Gerard B. Hawkins

1) Methanation is the final stage of synthesis gas purification to reduce carbon oxides like CO and CO2 to trace levels using a nickel-based catalyst. 2) Typical methanation reactions are highly exothermic and occur between 270-290°C with carbon oxide inlet levels of 0.1-1.0% and carbon oxide slip less than 5 ppm. 3) Normal methanator operation involves monitoring inlet/outlet temperatures and carbon oxide levels to detect any issues like catalyst aging or poisoning that could impact the removal of carbon oxides to the required levels.

Ammonia CO2 Removal Systems

Gerard B. Hawkins

This document summarizes different processes for removing carbon dioxide from ammonia plant streams. It discusses why CO2 removal is important, and describes common processes like MEA and MDEA absorption. The Benfield process uses hot potassium carbonate solution promoted by diethanolamine to physically absorb CO2. Issues with the Benfield process include foaming, corrosion, and vanadation problems. Retrofitting with a new amine promoter called LRS 10 can improve CO2 removal efficiency and reduce energy costs for the Benfield process.

Ammonia Plant - Secondary Reforming

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ethylene Plant Design Considerations

Gerard B. Hawkins

101 Things That Can Go Wrong on a Primary Reformer - Best Practices Guide

Gerard B. Hawkins

This document discusses common problems that can occur in primary reformers and associated equipment. It identifies issues that can lead to plant shutdowns or efficiency losses, grouping them under catalysts, tubes, furnace boxes, burners, flue gas ducts, headers, and refractories. Some examples discussed include carbon formation, tube overheating, flame impingement, leaks in air preheaters, combustion air maldistribution, and damage to coffins. The document provides an overview of these issues to improve plant reliability over its lifespan.

Steam Reforming - Common Problems

Gerard B. Hawkins

Examination of some of the common problems that occur on steam reformers Analyze problems associated with Catalyst Tubes Reformer Design Common Problems - Poisoning - Carbon formation - Tunnel problems - Air leaks - Tube failures Less common ones include - Tunnel Port Effect - Flue gas Mal-distribution CATALYST PROBLEMS - Poisoning - Hot Bands - Carbon Formation - Hot Banding & Tube Appearances - Nipped Tubes - The Domino Effect - Catalyst Loading - Affect of Delta P Variation - Catalyst Settling - Catalyst Breakage HARDWARE PROBLEMS - Foster Wheeler Terraced Wall - Mal distribution - Collapsed Tunnels - Effect of Removing Coffins - Undersized Fans - Other Hardware Problems OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS - Flame Impingement - After Burning - Catalyst Milling - Catalyst Breakage - Catalyst Color Variation - Bowed Tubes - Refractory Problems - Other Operational Problems

Low Temperature Shift Catalyst Reduction Procedure

Gerard B. Hawkins

Low Temperature Shift Catalyst Reduction Procedure VSG-C111 as supplied contains copper oxide; it is activated for the low temperature shift duty by reducing the copper oxide component to metallic copper with hydrogen. The reaction is highly exothermic. In order to achieve maximum activity, good performance and long life, it is essential that the reduction is conducted under correctly controlled conditions. Great care must be taken to avoid thermal damage during this critical operation.

Start Up Procedures for Primary Reforming Catalyst

Gerard B. Hawkins

What's hot

Shift Conversion Catalysts - Operating Manual

Gerard B. Hawkins

Pre-reformer Operations Technical Supplement

Gerard B. Hawkins

Steam Reforming - Practical Operations

Gerard B. Hawkins

A presentation on reformer new

Gowri Shankar

Feedstock Purfication in Hydrogen Plants

Gerard B. Hawkins

Methanol Reformer Designs

Gerard B. Hawkins

Fluidized cataltic cracking.

vivek bhargude

(HTS) High Temperature Shift Catalyst (VSG-F101) - Comprehensiev Overview

Gerard B. Hawkins

Reactor and Catalyst Design

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ammonia Synthesis Flowsheet - Operator training

Gerard B. Hawkins

(AGRU) ACID GAS SOUR SHIFT: CASE STUDY IN REFINERY GAS TREATMENT

Gerard B. Hawkins

Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption:

Gerard B. Hawkins

Gas Heated Reforming - An Overview

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ammonia plant flowsheets

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ammonia Plant - Methanation Operations

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ammonia CO2 Removal Systems

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ammonia Plant - Secondary Reforming

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ethylene Plant Design Considerations

Gerard B. Hawkins

101 Things That Can Go Wrong on a Primary Reformer - Best Practices Guide

Gerard B. Hawkins

Steam Reforming - Common Problems

Gerard B. Hawkins

What's hot (20)

Shift Conversion Catalysts - Operating Manual

Pre-reformer Operations Technical Supplement

Steam Reforming - Practical Operations

A presentation on reformer new

Feedstock Purfication in Hydrogen Plants

Methanol Reformer Designs

Fluidized cataltic cracking.

(HTS) High Temperature Shift Catalyst (VSG-F101) - Comprehensiev Overview

Reactor and Catalyst Design

Ammonia Synthesis Flowsheet - Operator training

(AGRU) ACID GAS SOUR SHIFT: CASE STUDY IN REFINERY GAS TREATMENT

Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption:

Gas Heated Reforming - An Overview

Ammonia plant flowsheets

Ammonia Plant - Methanation Operations

Ammonia CO2 Removal Systems

Ammonia Plant - Secondary Reforming

Ethylene Plant Design Considerations

101 Things That Can Go Wrong on a Primary Reformer - Best Practices Guide

Steam Reforming - Common Problems

Similar to Air / Steam Regeneration Procedure for Primary Reforming Ccatalyst

Low Temperature Shift Catalyst Reduction Procedure

Gerard B. Hawkins

Start Up Procedures for Primary Reforming Catalyst

Gerard B. Hawkins

Guidelines for Charging Primary Reforming Catalyst via Wet Method

Gerard B. Hawkins

GBH Enterprises specializes in refinery process catalysts, performance evaluation, and new technology development for refining and petrochemical industries. They provide guidelines for charging primary reforming catalysts via a wet method which involves partially filling the reformer tubes with water during catalyst charging, allowing for drainage, and slowly drying the catalyst over 10-12 hours at increasing temperatures below the dew point to avoid breakage. The guidelines are meant to supplement accepted plant procedures for safe catalyst charging and start-up.

ACTIVATED CARBON- AIR-STEAM REGENERATION PROCEDURE

Gerard B. Hawkins

GBH Enterprises provides activated carbon regeneration services for refineries using a multi-step air-steam process. The process involves slowly depressurizing the carbon bed, applying steam to desorb contaminants, then introducing increments of air up to 5000 ppm to burn off remaining contaminants. Temperature and oxygen levels are monitored throughout to ensure safe regeneration of the activated carbon for reuse in purification processes.

In-Situ Oxidation Procedure for High and Low Temperature Shift Catalysts

Gerard B. Hawkins

GBH Enterprises provides a 7-step procedure for the in-situ oxidation of high and low temperature shift catalysts prior to removal from the system. The procedure involves purging combustibles, cooling the catalyst beds, metering in air at increasing rates, and monitoring temperatures until oxidation is complete, estimated at 12 hours. The process allows for the controlled oxidation and safe discharge of the catalysts.

Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction with LPG Feed

Gerard B. Hawkins

The document provides a procedure for reducing steam reforming catalysts using LPG feed instead of the preferred hydrogen or natural gas. It cautions that LPG reduction carries risks of carbon formation and requires close monitoring and control of steam to carbon ratios. The 11-step procedure involves purging oxygen, heating with steam, gradually introducing LPG at 5-10% of design rate while maintaining steam to carbon ratios of 30:1 to 7:1, and slowly ramping up LPG to design rates over 12-24 hours to fully reduce the catalyst. Frequent monitoring is needed to check for complete reduction and prevent carbon formation.

STEAMING PROCEDURE FOR VULCAN STEAM REFORMING CATALYSTS

Gerard B. Hawkins

The document discusses procedures for steaming Vulcan steam reforming catalysts to recover from sulfur poisoning and carbon formation incidents. It describes maintaining steam flow at 30-40% of design levels and an outlet temperature above 780°C. Gas samples should be taken hourly to monitor CO2, CH4, H2S and SO2. Steaming is complete when CO2 levels stabilize over 2-3 samples after increasing the temperature. The process typically takes 12-24 hours to complete and closely monitors pressure drop and tube conditions. After steaming, the catalyst requires reduction before restarting hydrocarbon feed.

Hydrogenation Reactor Run Away Conditions

Gerard B. Hawkins

Naphtha Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction by NH3 Cracking

Gerard B. Hawkins

Procedure for Naphtha Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction by NH3 Cracking Scope This procedure applies to the in situ reduction of VULCAN Series steam reforming catalysts using ammonia cracking to form hydrogen over the catalyst in the steam reformer. This procedure covers plants with a dry gas circulation loop for reduction. The procedure is likely to be applied to plants using only heavier feeds (e.g.: LPG and/or naphtha) and some combination of VULCAN Series catalysts. Introduction A small number of steam reforming plants do not have an available source of the commonly used reducing media (e.g.: hydrogen, hydrogen-rich off-gas, natural gas). These plants will usually operate on LPG and/or naphtha feed only where cracking of this hydrocarbon is not usually advised for reduction of the steam reforming catalyst. In such circumstances, the plant may be designed to use the installed steam reforming catalyst to crack ammonia to provide hydrogen for the reformer catalyst reduction....

Methanation Catalyst Start Up Procedures

Gerard B. Hawkins

Hydrogen Compressors

Gerard B. Hawkins

Hydrogen Compressors Engineering Design Guide 1 SCOPE 2 PHYSICAL ROPERTIES 2.1 Data for Pure Hydrogen 2.2 Influence of Impurities 3 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION 3.1 Hydrogen from Electrolytic Cells 3.2 Pure Hydrogen 4 DESIGN 4.1 Pulsation 4.2 Bypass 5 TESTING OR COMMISSIONING RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS 6 LUBRICATION 7 LAYOUT 8 REFERENCES FIGURES 1 MOLLIER CHART - HYDROGEN 2 COMPRESSIBILITY CHART 3 NELSON DIAGRAM 4 WATER CONTENT IN HYDROGEN FOR OIL-LUBRICATED COMPRESSORS AS GRAMM/M2 SWEPT CYLINDER AREA

Pressure Systems

Gerard B. Hawkins

This document provides guidance on implementing procedures for managing critical pressure systems as outlined in PEG 4. It covers the design, manufacture, repair, modification and periodic examination of pressure vessels, piping systems, and pressure relief streams. Key requirements include using recognized standards, qualified personnel, design verification, registration of equipment, and periodic inspections to ensure safety. The document is intended to support the development of detailed local engineering procedures for managing pressure equipment over its lifecycle.

Gas Mixing

Gerard B. Hawkins

PRE-SULFIDING & ON-LINE SULFIDING of VULCAN Series CoMo and NiMo Catalyst in...

Gerard B. Hawkins

METHANOL PRODUCTION USING VULCAN SYSTEMS COMBINED REFORMING TECHNOLOGY (ATR) ...

Gerard B. Hawkins

METHANOL PRODUCTION USING VULCAN SYSTEMS COMBINED REFORMING TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDY#08270414 Contents Contents 1 Introduction 2 Autothermal Reforming 2.1 Process Description 3 Gas Heated Reforming (GHR) CASE STUDY #08270414 4 Plant Equipment List 5 Combined Reforming – ATR / AGHR PFD’s 6 Process Stream Descriptions 7 Combined Reforming Simulation Results* 8 AGHR Output Simulation Results 9 Single Column – Distillation 10 Distillation Column Profiles Hysys Output* Aspen Output 11 Scrubbers Simulation Results 12 ATR / AGHR Design Considerations APPENDIX FIGURES Figure 1 Conventional Small Scale Steam Methane Reformer Design Figure 2 Compact, Tubular, Small Scale Steam Methane Reformer Designed for Fuel Cell Applications, with Convective Heat Transfer TABLES Table I Comparison between Different Reformer Concepts Table 2 Advantages and Disadvantages for Different Synthesis Gas Technologies Table 3: Small-Scale Steam Methane Reforming for Syn Gas Generation Table 4: Small-Scale Autothermal Reformers for SynGas Generation Table 5: Small-Scale Partial Oxidation for SynGas Generation Table 6: Small-Scale Methanol Steam Reforming for SynGas Generation Table 7: Small-Scale [Ammonia Cracking, Sorbent Enhanced Reforming, Ion Transport Membranes, Catalytic Cracking of Methane, Plasma Reformer] for SynGas Generation

Getting the Most Out of Your Refinery Hydrogen Plant

Gerard B. Hawkins

Naphtha Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction with Methanol

Gerard B. Hawkins

Procedure for Naphtha Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction with Methanol Scope This procedure applies to the in situ reduction of VULCAN Series steam reforming catalysts using methanol cracking to form hydrogen over the catalyst in the steam reformer. The procedure is likely to be applied to plants using only heavier feeds (e.g.: LPG and/or naphtha) and some combination of VULCAN Series catalysts. Introduction A small number of steam reforming plants do not have an available source of the commonly used reducing media (e.g.: hydrogen, hydrogen-rich off-gas, natural gas). These plants will usually operate on LPG and/or naphtha feed only where cracking of this hydrocarbon is not usually advised for reduction of the steam reforming catalyst ...

Integration of Special Purpose Reciprocating Compressors into a Process

Gerard B. Hawkins

1 SCOPE 2 CHOICE OF COMPRESSOR TYPE 2.1 Parameters 2.2 Preliminary Choice of Machine Type 2.3 Review of Other Types of Compressor 3 CHOICE OF NUMBER OF COMPRESSORS 3.1 Influence of Reliability Classification 3.2 Driver Considerations 3.3 Deterioration of Standby Machines 4 EFFECTS OF PROCESS GAS COMPOSITION 4.1 Particulate Contamination 4.2 Droplets in Suspension 4.3 Polymer Deposit 4.4 Molecular Weight Variation 4.5 Compressibility Variation 4.6 Gas Dryness 4.7 Gas Solution in Lubricating Oil for Cylinder and Gland 5 THROUGHPUT REGULATION 5.1 Inlet Line Throttle Valve 5.2 Inlet Line Cut-off Valve 5.3 Compressor Inlet Valve Lifter 5.4 Clearance Volume Variation 5.5 Speed Variation 5.6 Bypass 5.7 Hybrid Regulation Systems 6 PRINCIPAL FEATURES 6.1 Calculate Discharge Gas Temperature 6.2 Choice of Number of Stages 6.3 Configuration 6.4 Valve Operation Limit on Piston Speed 6.5 Limits for Mean Piston Speed 6.6 Estimation of Volumetric Efficiency 6.7 Estimation of Crankshaft Rotational Speed 6.8 Calculation of Piston Diameter 6.9 Choice of Number of Cylinders 7 DRIVER TYPE 7.1 Electric Motors 7.2 Steam Turbines 7.3 Special Drivers 8 VESSELS APPENDICES A RELIABILITY CLASSIFICATION B CONDITIONS FOR LUBRICATED CYLINDERS AND GLANDS C ESTIMATE OF LUBE OIL CONTAMINATION OF PROCESS GAS D INFLUENCE OF GAS COMPOSITION AND MACHINE CONSTRUCTION ON FILLED PTFE PISTON RING SEALS E LIMITS ON GAS TEMPERATURES FIGURES 1 SELECTION CHART 2 DESIGN SEQUENCE 1 - ESTIMATE NUMBER OF STAGES 3 DESIGN SEQUENCE 2 - ESTIMATE CYLINDER SIZES

Reciprocating Compressors - Protection against Crank Case Explosions

Gerard B. Hawkins

The Preliminary Choice of Fan or Compressor

Gerard B. Hawkins

The Preliminary Choice of Fan or Compressor 0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE 1 SCOPE 2 FIELD OF APPLICATION 3 DEFINITIONS 4 METHOD FOR PRELIMINARY SELECTION OF COMPRESSOR 5 PROCESS DATA SHEET 5.1 Essential Data for the Completion of a Process Data Sheet 5.2 Gas Properties 5.3 Discharge Requirements 6 PRELIMINARY CHOICE OF FAN AND COMPRESSOR TYPE 6.1 Essential Data for Preliminary Selection 7 FAN AND COMPRESSOR APPLICATIONS 7.1 Fans 7.2 Centrifugal Compressors 7.3 Axial Compressors 7.4 Reciprocating Compressors 7.5 Screw Compressors 7.6 Positive Displacement Blowers 7.7 Sliding Vane Compressors 7.8 Liquid Ring Compressors 8 PROVISION OF INSTALLED SPARES 9 PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF COSTS

Similar to Air / Steam Regeneration Procedure for Primary Reforming Ccatalyst (20)

Low Temperature Shift Catalyst Reduction Procedure

Start Up Procedures for Primary Reforming Catalyst

Guidelines for Charging Primary Reforming Catalyst via Wet Method

ACTIVATED CARBON- AIR-STEAM REGENERATION PROCEDURE

In-Situ Oxidation Procedure for High and Low Temperature Shift Catalysts

Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction with LPG Feed

STEAMING PROCEDURE FOR VULCAN STEAM REFORMING CATALYSTS

Hydrogenation Reactor Run Away Conditions

Naphtha Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction by NH3 Cracking

Methanation Catalyst Start Up Procedures

Hydrogen Compressors

Pressure Systems

Gas Mixing

PRE-SULFIDING & ON-LINE SULFIDING of VULCAN Series CoMo and NiMo Catalyst in...

METHANOL PRODUCTION USING VULCAN SYSTEMS COMBINED REFORMING TECHNOLOGY (ATR) ...

Getting the Most Out of Your Refinery Hydrogen Plant

Naphtha Steam Reforming Catalyst Reduction with Methanol

Integration of Special Purpose Reciprocating Compressors into a Process

Reciprocating Compressors - Protection against Crank Case Explosions

The Preliminary Choice of Fan or Compressor

More from Gerard B. Hawkins

Pressure Relief Systems Vol 2

Gerard B. Hawkins

Pressure Relief Systems

Gerard B. Hawkins

This document provides guidelines for engineering design of pressure relief systems. It discusses key principles such as identifying potential overpressure and underpressure causes, sizing relief systems to prevent hazards, and safely disposing of relieved materials. The guidelines cover statutory requirements, recommended design procedures, and documentation standards. The overall goal is to preserve equipment integrity and prevent failure from over or under pressure during all process phases.

GAS DISPERSION - A Definitive Guide to Accidental Releases of Heavy Gases

Gerard B. Hawkins

GAS DISPERSION - A Definitive Guide to Accidental Releases of Heavy Gases This Process Safety Guide has been written with the aim of assisting process engineers, hazard analysts and environmental advisers in carrying out gas dispersion calculations. The Guide aims to provide assistance by: • Improving awareness of the range of dispersion models available within GBHE, and providing guidance in choosing the most appropriate model for a particular application. • Providing guidance to ensure that source terms and other model inputs are correctly specified, and the models are used within their range of applicability. • Providing guidance to deal with particular topics in gas dispersion such as dense gas dispersion, complex terrain, and modeling the chemistry of oxides of nitrogen. • Providing general background on air quality and dispersion modeling issues such as meteorology and air quality standards. • Providing example calculations for real practical problems. SCOPE The gas dispersion guide contains the following Parts: 1 Fundamentals of meteorology. 2 Overview of air quality standards. 3 Comparison between different air quality models. 4 Designing a stack. 5 Dense gas dispersion. 6 Calculation of source terms. 7 Building wake effects. 8 Overview of the chemistry of the oxides of nitrogen. 9 Overview of the ADMS complex terrain module. 10 Overview of the ADMS deposition module. 11 ADMS examples. 12 Modeling odorous releases. 13 Bibliography of useful gas dispersion books and reports. 14 Glossary of gas dispersion modeling terms. Appendix A : Modeling Wind Generation of Particulates. APPENDIX B TABLE OF PROPERTY VALUES FOR SPECIFIC CHEMICALS

El impacto en el rendimiento del catalizador por envenenamiento y ensuciamien...

Gerard B. Hawkins

El documento describe los procesos de refinería y catalizadores, así como los efectos del envenenamiento y ensuciamiento en el rendimiento de los catalizadores. El envenenamiento reduce la actividad de los catalizadores al bloquear los sitios activos o modificar la química de la superficie, lo que afecta la actividad y selectividad. Los niveles bajos de contaminantes tienen un mayor impacto en catalizadores con menor área de superficie. El envenenamiento también puede causar cambios estructurales en el catalizador y permitir

Theory of Carbon Formation in Steam Reforming

Gerard B. Hawkins

Theory of Carbon Formation in Steam Reforming Contents 1 Introduction 2 Underpinning Theory 2.1 Conceptualization 2.2 Reforming Reactions 2.3 Carbon Formation Chemistry 2.3.1 Natural Gas 2.3.2 Carbon Formation for Naphtha Feeds 2.3.3 Carbon Gasification 2.4 Heat Transfer 3 Causes 3.1 Effects of Carbon Formation 3.2 Types of Carbon 4 What are the Effects of Carbon Formation? 4.1 Why does Carbon Formation Get Worse? 4.1.1 So what is the Next Step? 4.2 Consequences of Carbon Formation 4.3 Why does Carbon Form where it does? 4.3.1 Effect on Process Gas Temperature 4.4 Why does Carbon Formation Propagate Down the Tube? 4.4.1 Effect on Radiation on the Fluegas Side 4.5 Why does Carbon Formation propagate Up the Tube? 5 How do we Prevent Carbon Formation 5.1 The Role of Potash 5.2 Inclusion of Pre-reformer 5.3 Primary Reformer Catalyst Parameters 5.3.1 Activity 5.3.2 Heat Transfer 5.3.3 Increased Steam to Carbon Ratio 6 Steam Out 6.1 Why does increasing the Steam to Carbon Ratio Not Work? 6.2 Why does reducing the Feed Rate not help? 6.3 Fundamental Principles of Steam Outs TABLES 1 Heat Transfer Coefficients in a Typical Reformer 2 Typical Catalyst Loading Options FIGURES 1 Hot Bands 2 Conceptual Pellet 3 Naphtha Carbon Formation 4 Heat Transfer within an Reformer 5 Types of Carbon Formation 6 Effect of Carbon on Nickel Crystallites 7 Absorption of Heat 8 Comparison of "Base Case" v Carbon Forming Tube 9 Carbon Formation Vicious Circle 10 Temperature Profiles 11 Carbon Pinch Point 12 Carbon Formation 13 Effect on Process Gas Temperature 14 How does Carbon Propagate into an Unaffected Zone? 15 Movement of the Carbon Forming Region 16 Effect of Hot Bands on Radiative Heat Transfer 17 Effect of Potash on Carbon Formation 18 Application of a Pre-reformer 19 Effect of Activity on Carbon Formation

Adiabatic Reactor Analysis for Methanol Synthesis Plant Note Book Series: P...

Gerard B. Hawkins

The document discusses adiabatic reactor analysis for methanol synthesis from syngas. It provides the reaction kinetics and calculates conversion, temperature, and reactor volume needed at different conversions. Energy and mass balances are used to derive relationships between conversion, temperature and reaction rate. Data is generated to plot conversion versus volumetric flow rate for reactor sizing. The plot indicates a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) could achieve 85% conversion before switching to a plug flow reactor (PFR) for higher conversion with less volume.

Calculation of Caloric Value and other Characteristic Data of Fuel Gas

Gerard B. Hawkins

Pickling & Passivation

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ammonia Plant Technology Pre-Commissioning Best Practices GBHE-APT-0102 PICKLING & PASSIVATION CONTENTS 1 PURPOSE OF THE WORK 2 CHEMICAL CONCEPT 3 TECHNICAL CONCEPT 4 WASTES & SAFETY CONCEPT 5 TARGET RESULTS 6 THE GENERAL CLEANING SEQUENCE MANAGEMENT 6.6.1 Pre-cleaning or “Physical Cleaning 6.6.2 Pre-rinsing 6.6.3 Chemical Cleaning 6.6.4 Critical Factors in Cleaning Success 6.6.5 Rinsing 6.6.6 Inspection and Re-Cleaning, if Necessary 7 Systems to be treated by Pickling/Passivation

Piping and Vessels Flushing and Cleaning Procedure

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ammonia Plant Technology Pre-Commissioning Best Practices Piping and Vessels Flushing and Cleaning Procedure CONTENTS 1 Scope 2 Aim/purpose 3 Responsibilities 4 Procedure 4.1 Main cleaning methods 4.1.1 Mechanical cleaning 4.1.2 Cleaning with air 4.1.3 Cleaning with steam (for steam networks only) 4.1.4 Cleaning with water 4.2 Choice of the cleaning method 4.3 Cleaning preparation 4.4 Protection of the devices included in the network 4.5 Protection of devices in the vicinity of the network 4.6 Water flushing procedure 4.6.1 Specific problems of water flushing 4.6.2 Preparation for water flushing 4.6.3 Performing a water flush 4.6.4 Cleanliness criteria 4.7 Air blowing procedure 4.7.1 Specific problems of air blowing 4.7.2 Preparation for air blowing 4.7.3 Performing air blowing 4.7.4 Cleanliness checks 4.8 Steam blowing procedure 4.8.1 Specific problems of steam blowing 4.8.2 Preparation for steam blowing 4.8.3 Performing steam blowing 4.8.4 Cleanliness checks 4.9 Chemical cleaning procedure 4.9.1 Specific problems of cleaning with a chemical solution 4.9.2 Preparation for chemical cleaning 4.9.3 Performing a chemical cleaning 4.9.4 Cleanliness criteria 4.10 Re-assembly - general guideline 4.11 Preservation of flushed piping

DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS

Gerard B. Hawkins

DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Scope of this Guide 1.3 Use of the Guide 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 2.1 Principal Concerns 2.2 Mechanisms for Ozone Formation 2.3 Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential 2.4 Health and Environmental Effects 2.5 Air Quality Standards for Ground Level Concentrations of Ozone, Targets for Reduction of VOC Discharges and Statutory Discharge Limits 3 VENTS REDUCTION PHILOSOPHY 3.1 Reduction at Source 3.2 End-of-pipe Treatment 4 METHODOLOGY FOR COLLECTION & ASSESSMENT OF PROCESS FLOW DATA 4.1 General 4.2 Identification of Vent Sources 4.3 Characterization of Vents 4.4 Quantification of Process Vent Flows 4.5 Component Flammability Data Collection 4.6 Identification of Operating Scenarios 4.7 Quantification of Flammability Characteristics for Combined Vents 4.8 Identification, Quantification and Assessment of Possibility of Air Ingress Routes 4.9 Tabulation of Data 4.10 Hazard Study and Risk Assessment 4.11 Note on Aqueous / Organic Wastes 4.12 Complexity of Systems 4.13 Summary 5 SAFE DESIGN OF VENT COLLECTION HEADER SYSTEMS 5.1 General 5.2 Process Design of Vent Headers 5.3 Liquid in Vent Headers 5.4 Materials of Construction 5.5 Static Electricity Hazard 5.6 Diversion Systems 5.7 Snuffing Systems 6 SAFE DESIGN OF THERMAL OXIDISERS 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Design Basis 6.3 Types of High Temperature Thermal Oxidizer 6.4 Refractories 6.5 Flue Gas Treatment 6.6 Control and Safety Systems 6.7 Project Program 6.8 Commissioning 6.9 Operational and Maintenance Management APPENDICES A GLOSSARY B FLAMMABILITY C EXAMPLE PROFORMA D REFERENCES DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROCESS GUIDE TABLE 1 PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL REFERENCED TO ETHYLENE AS UNITY FIGURES 1 SCHEMATIC OF TYPICAL VENT COLLECTION AND THERMAL OXIDIZER SYSTEM 2 TYPICAL KNOCK-OUT POT WITH LUTED DRAIN 3 SCHEMATIC OF DIVERSION SYSTEM 4 CONVENTIONAL VERTICAL THERMAL OXIDIZER 5 CONVENTIONAL OXIDIZER WITH INTEGRAL WATER SPARGER 6 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH STAGED AIR INJECTION 7 DOWN-FIRED UNIT WITH WATER BATH QUENCH 8 FLAMELESS THERMAL OXIDATION UNIT 9 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH REGENERATIVE HEAT RECOVERY 10 TYPICAL PROJECT PROGRAM 11 TYPICAL FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAM 12 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR 13 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR ON 100 Rm³ OF FLAMMABLE GAS

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF A...

Gerard B. Hawkins

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC EFFLUENT STREAMS CONTENTS 0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE 1 SCOPE 2 FIELD OF APPLICATION 3 DEFINITIONS 3.1 IPU 3.2 AOS 3.3 BODs 3.4 COD 3.5 TOC 3.6 Toxicity 3.7 Refractory Organics/Hard COD 3.8 Heavy Metals 3.9 EA 3.10 Biological Treatment Terms 3.11 BATNEEC 3.12 BPEO 3.13 EQS/LV 3.14 IPC 3.15 VOC 3.16 F/M Ratio 3.17 MLSS 3.18 MLVSS 4 DESIGN/ECONOMIC GUIDELINES 5 EUROPEAN LEGISLATION 5.1 General 5.2 Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) 5.3 Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Costs (BATNEEC) 5.4 Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) 5.5 Environmental Quality Standards(EQS) 6 IPU EXIT CONCENTRATION 7 SITE/LOCAL REQUIREMENTS 8 PROCESS SELECTION PROCEDURE 8.1 Waste Minimization Techniques (WMT) 8.2 AOS Stream Definition 8.3 Technical Check List 8.4 Preliminary Selection of Suitable Technologies 8.5 Process Sequences 8.6 Economic Evaluation 8.7 Process Selection APPENDICES A DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 1 B DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 2 C THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION PRIORITY CANDIDATE LIST D THE UK RED LIST E CURRENT VALUES FOR EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS AND CORRESPONDING LIMIT VALUES F ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGIES G EMERGING TECHNOLOGY H PROPRIETARY/LESS COMMON TECHNOLOGIES J COMPARATIVE COST DATA

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGA...

Gerard B. Hawkins

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCs) FOREWORD CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 THE NEED FOR VOC CONTROL 3 CONTROL AT SOURCE 3.1 Choice or Solvent 3.2 Venting Arrangements 3.3 Nitrogen Blanketing 3.4 Pump Versus Pneumatic Transfer 3.5 Batch Charging 3.6 Reduction of Volumetric Flow 3.7 Stock Tank Design 4 DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT 4.1 By Inference or Calculation 4.2 Flow Monitoring Equipment 4.3 Analytical Instruments 4.4 Vent Emissions Database 5 ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY 5.1 Available Options 5.2 Selection of Preferred Option 5.3 Condensation 5.4 Adsorption 5.5 Absorption 5.6 Thermal Incineration 5.7 Catalytic Oxidation 5.8 Biological Filtration 5.9 Combinations of Process technologies 5.10 Processes Under Development 6 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 7 REFERENCES Appendix 1. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potentials Appendix 2. Examples of Adsorption Preliminary Calculations Appendix 3. Example of Thermal Incineration Heat and Mass Balance Appendix 4. Cost Correlations

EMERGENCY ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL PLANTS

Gerard B. Hawkins

EMERGENCY ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL PLANTS CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 When should Emergency Isolation Valves be Installed 3 Emergency Isolation Valves and Associated Equipment 3.1 Installations on existing plant 3.2 Actuators 3.3 Power to close or power to open 3.4 The need for testing 3.5 Hand operated Emergency Valves 3.6 The need to stop pumps in an emergency 3.7 Location of Operating Buttons 3.8 Use of control valves for Isolation 4 Detection of Leaks and Fires 5 Precautions during Maintenance 6 Training Operators to use Emergency Isolation Valves 7 Emergency Isolation when no remotely operated valve is available References Glossary Appendix I Some Fires or Serious Escapes of Flammable Gases or Liquids that could have been controlled by Emergency Isolation Valves Appendix II Some typical Installations

PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DEVELOPING PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS AND PRELIMINARY ENGINEER...

Gerard B. Hawkins

PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DEVELOPING PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS AND PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING LINE DIAGRAMS PROCESS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DESCRIPTION OF METHODOLOGY 2.1 Philosophy of the Design Process 2.2 Outline of Methodology 2.3 Additional Aspects of Methodology 3 WORKBOOK 4 EXAMPLE: BATCH NEUTRALIZATION AND STRIPPING PROCESS 4.1 Start of Stage 1 4.2 Stage 1 4.3 Stage 2 4.3 Stage 3 5 REFERENCES TABLES 1 DESIGN OBJECTIVES 2 OUTPUT FROM EACH STAGE 3 STEP BY STEP APPROACH 4 FUNCTION 5 OPERATION 6 FAILURES 7 STAGE 3 PROMPTS (DATA SHEET) 8 PRELIMINARY MASS BALANCE 9 PRELIMINARY EQUIPMENT LIST 10 POTENTIAL PROBLEMS 11 STAGE 2: DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATING STATES AND TRANSMISSIONS 12 POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FIGURES 1 DESIGN PROCESS 2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY. 3 SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY 4 POSSIBLE OUTCOMES FROM A KEYWORD PROMPT 5 OPERATING STATES 6 OPERATING STATES/TRANSITIONS 7 EXAMPLE: OVERALL BLOCK DIAGRAM 8 EXAMPLE: “PRIMITIVE PFD” 9 EXAMPLE: STAGE 1 “WORKING DIAGRAM”. 10 EXAMPLE: MAIN OPERATING STATES AND TRANSITIONS 11 EXAMPLE: DETAILED PFD (END OF STAGE 1) 12 EXAMPLE: STAGE 2 “WORKING DIAGRAM” 13 EXAMPLE: STAGE 3 “REV 0” ELD

Purificación – Mecanismos de Reacción

Gerard B. Hawkins

Investigation of the Potential Use of (IILs) Immobilized Ionic Liquids in Sha...

Gerard B. Hawkins

The document discusses using immobilized ionic liquids (IILs) in shale gas sweetening reactions. It proposes immobilizing a cobalt catalyst in the surface ionic liquid layer of a solid supported ionic liquid catalyst. This would create a "homogeneous catalyst" dissolved within the fixed IIL layer. Competing reactions like oxidation of sulfides to sulfones would need to be considered. Related work on using similar approaches for hydroformylation reactions is referenced. The concept aims to develop a solid IIL catalyst for sweetening reactions involving oxidation using techniques from other areas like hydroformylation.

GBHE Over View jan_13_español

Gerard B. Hawkins

El documento proporciona una descripción general de los servicios y tecnologías de procesamiento de catalizadores de GBH Enterprises Ltd. (GBHE), incluyendo refinación de petróleo, procesamiento de gas, industrias petroquímicas y venta de catalizadores. GBHE ofrece servicios de ingeniería, soporte técnico y consultoría, así como una línea de catalizadores patentados para aplicaciones como desulfuración y purificación de gas.

OXIDATIVE COUPLING COMBINED WITH DISTILLATION TO REMOVE MERCAPTAN SULFUR FROM...

Gerard B. Hawkins

OXIDATIVE COUPLING COMBINED WITH DISTILLATION TO REMOVE MERCAPTAN SULFUR FROM NGLS CONTENTS Background Figure 1. Typical LPG Fractionation line-up and Sulfur Compound Distribution Potential Market for low Sulfur LPGs Sulfur removal from LPGs Oxidative coupling combined with distillation Figure 2. Debutanizer with Catalytic Oxidative Coupling Aspen Simulation Results Integration of reaction and distillation Technical Issues Practical Issues Future Considerations Market Issues Technical Issues Additional Technical Requirements References Appendix Kerosene Sweetening

FCC Catalyst Design: Morphology, Physiology, Reaction Chemistry and Manufactu...

Gerard B. Hawkins

Burner Design, Operation and Maintenance on Ammonia Plants

Gerard B. Hawkins

The document discusses burner design, operation, and maintenance on ammonia plants. It covers reformer burner types and designs, including premix and staged burners. It also addresses combustion characteristics like excess air and fuel viscosity effects. Maintenance best practices like checking burner pressures and atomizing steam temperatures are emphasized. Low NOx equipment uses techniques like staged air, fuel, and flue gas recirculation to reduce emissions. Good combustion requires attention to design, operation, maintenance, and partnership among related roles.

More from Gerard B. Hawkins (20)

Pressure Relief Systems Vol 2

Pressure Relief Systems

GAS DISPERSION - A Definitive Guide to Accidental Releases of Heavy Gases

El impacto en el rendimiento del catalizador por envenenamiento y ensuciamien...

Theory of Carbon Formation in Steam Reforming

Adiabatic Reactor Analysis for Methanol Synthesis Plant Note Book Series: P...

Calculation of Caloric Value and other Characteristic Data of Fuel Gas

Pickling & Passivation

Piping and Vessels Flushing and Cleaning Procedure

DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF A...

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGA...

EMERGENCY ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL PLANTS

PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DEVELOPING PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS AND PRELIMINARY ENGINEER...

Purificación – Mecanismos de Reacción

Investigation of the Potential Use of (IILs) Immobilized Ionic Liquids in Sha...

GBHE Over View jan_13_español

OXIDATIVE COUPLING COMBINED WITH DISTILLATION TO REMOVE MERCAPTAN SULFUR FROM...

FCC Catalyst Design: Morphology, Physiology, Reaction Chemistry and Manufactu...

Burner Design, Operation and Maintenance on Ammonia Plants

Recently uploaded

AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence

IndexBug

HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU

panagenda

Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/ The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this! We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model. Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward. These topics will be covered - Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts - How do CCB and CCX licenses really work? - Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it - Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc - Practical examples and best practices to implement right away

みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...

名前です男

Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus

Zilliz

During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.

Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption

Tatiana Kojar

Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool. SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.

UI5 Controls simplified - UI5con2024 presentation

Wouter Lemaire

WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques

Postman

Webinar: Designing a schema for a Data Warehouse

Federico Razzoli

Are you new to data warehouses (DWH)? Do you need to check whether your data warehouse follows the best practices for a good design? In both cases, this webinar is for you. A data warehouse is a central relational database that contains all measurements about a business or an organisation. This data comes from a variety of heterogeneous data sources, which includes databases of any type that back the applications used by the company, data files exported by some applications, or APIs provided by internal or external services. But designing a data warehouse correctly is a hard task, which requires gathering information about the business processes that need to be analysed in the first place. These processes must be translated into so-called star schemas, which means, denormalised databases where each table represents a dimension or facts. We will discuss these topics: - How to gather information about a business; - Understanding dictionaries and how to identify business entities; - Dimensions and facts; - Setting a table granularity; - Types of facts; - Types of dimensions; - Snowflakes and how to avoid them; - Expanding existing dimensions and facts.

Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus

Zilliz

Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...

Jeffrey Haguewood

Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows. We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases. This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management. Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.

Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf

Tosin Akinosho

Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift Overview Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices. Key Topics Covered 1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection - Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems. 2. Understanding Edge (IoT) - Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source. 3. What is ArgoCD? - Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices. 4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices - Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD. 5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3 - Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions. 6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake - Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights. 7. What is Prometheus? - Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices. 8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus - Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system. 9. What is Camel K? - Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes. 10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines - Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow. 11. What is a Jupyter Notebook? - Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text. 12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples - Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.

GenAI Pilot Implementation in the organizations

kumardaparthi1024

Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdf

ssuserfac0301

Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as: 1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing. 2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption. 3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI. 4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption. 6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.

Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx

MichaelKnudsen27

Serial Arm Control in Real Time Presentation

tolgahangng

How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf

Chart Kalyan

Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP

Pixlogix Infotech

5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up Slides

DanBrown980551

5th Power Grid Model Meet-up It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology. Power Grid Model The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services. Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability. Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization. What to expect For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned: -Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model. -An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024. -An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests. -An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.

TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey

TrustArc

How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024? In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores. See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe. This webinar will review: - The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey - The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024 - Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program

How to use Firebase Data Connect For Flutter

Daiki Mogmet Ito

Recently uploaded (20)

AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence

HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU

Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus

Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption

UI5 Controls simplified - UI5con2024 presentation

WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques

Webinar: Designing a schema for a Data Warehouse

Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus

Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...

Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf

GenAI Pilot Implementation in the organizations

Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdf

Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx

Serial Arm Control in Real Time Presentation

How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf

Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP

5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up Slides

TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey

How to use Firebase Data Connect For Flutter

Air / Steam Regeneration Procedure for Primary Reforming Ccatalyst

1. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing & Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology – Ammonia Catalyst Process Technology - Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining & Petrochemical Industries Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com GBH Enterprises, Ltd. AIR/STEAM REGENERATION PROCEDURE FOR PRIMARY REFORMING CATALYSTS Process Information Disclaimer Information contained in this publication or as otherwise supplied to Users is believed to be accurate and correct at time of going to press, and is given in good faith, but it is for the User to satisfy itself of the suitability of the Product for its own particular purpose. GBHE gives no warranty as to the fitness of the Product for any particular purpose and any implied warranty or condition (statutory or otherwise) is excluded except to the extent that exclusion is prevented by law. GBHE accepts no liability for loss, damage or personnel injury caused or resulting from reliance on this information. Freedom under Patent, Copyright and Designs cannot be assumed.

2. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing & Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology – Ammonia Catalyst Process Technology - Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining & Petrochemical Industries Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com VULCAN Series VSG-Z101 Primary Reforming Air steam regeneration procedures can be used either on start-up of a reformer after it has cooled, or can be done in the shut down process. AIR STEAM REGENERATION ON SHUT DOWN: After feed gas is removed, steaming should continue for a period of two hours during which rate of steam can be reduced to about 70% - 50% of design and temperatures adjusted downward to between 1300o F and 1325o F. Feed gas line should be blinded, and if air is to be introduced into the feed preheat section, some steam should be used as purge and carrier for air. When safety precautions are taken and steam is venting before the HT shift vessel, air may be introduced at a rate not to exceed 0.5% of the total steam flow at the specified temperature. Outlet temperature should be observed for exotherm; usually an increase of 50o F can be observed after air is introduced. This temperature will stabilize, since there will be combined carbon burn and oxidation of catalyst taking place at the same time. Exit gas should be analyzed for CO2 and H2S. CO2 initially will be approximately 19 - 21% at the peak of the carbon removal. Over a period of several hours, depending on the amount of carbon on the catalyst, the CO2 will drop off rather quickly to as little as 0.5 - 1%. When this occurs, air may be increased to 1%. If no further increase in CO2 is found, the regeneration is essentially complete. Air may then be removed and steaming procedure for normal cool down followed. AIR STEAM REGENERATION ON START-UP: Follow same safety precautions on feed gas line etc. and proceed with normal heat up with steam. When steam rate is at 50 - 70% of design and the temperature on the outlet is 1300o F - 1325o F, follow the same procedure outlined in the preceding method. On completion of air regeneration, remove air and steam for 2 hours before introducing feed gas to insure oxygen is removed from the system being used to introduce air as well as the reformer system.

3. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing & Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology – Ammonia Catalyst Process Technology - Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining & Petrochemical Industries Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com

Air / Steam Regeneration Procedure for Primary Reforming Ccatalyst

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Air / Steam Regeneration Procedure for Primary Reforming Ccatalyst

Similar to Air / Steam Regeneration Procedure for Primary Reforming Ccatalyst (20)

More from Gerard B. Hawkins

More from Gerard B. Hawkins (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Air / Steam Regeneration Procedure for Primary Reforming Ccatalyst