The document discusses air compressors used onboard ships. It defines an air compressor as a mechanical device that increases the pressure of air by reducing its volume. It then classifies air compressors based on factors like number of stages, drive mechanism, cooling method, and cylinder arrangement. The document outlines common uses of compressed air onboard ships like starting main engines and auxiliary engines. It also discusses key components of air compressor systems like valves, safety devices, and air receivers.
The Presentation describes the basics about the Efficiency and performance of a steam based power plant. It also describes how the heat rate of the power plant is important from the point of view of fuel savings.
GEORG Geothermal Workshop 2016 SESSION B2, Midstream. Presentation title: Feasibility study for utilizing an ORC cycle to cool medium temperature geothermal fluid to appropriate temperature for use at Seltjarnarnes district heating
Simulation of gas turbine blade for enhancement of efficiency of gas turbine...IJMER
As day by day population of the world is increasing and our resources are frequently reducing
hence to meet this demand of the world of energy we have to move to a device which have a maximum
efficiency for the condition turbo-machinery are better suited machines having a good efficiency, in
which a Gas turbine is best example of turbo- machinery Turbine is the part of gas turbine which provide
the power to compressor to run or provide power to external source from where energy can be extracted
by attaching alternator in the shaft of Gas turbine. As in earlier a lot of work have been done by the
researcher to increase the efficiency and standard of Gas turbine by the method of film cooling, coating,
and curvature of blade to protect the blade from high temperature of 1200 C° inside the Gas turbine to
increase the life of blade without considering about the efficiency of the engine As in this work is to
enhancement of efficiency of Gas turbine. Gas turbine blade is very important component of engine as
they are attached to both turbine or compressor and turbine provide energy to compressor hence the
turbine blade are more important component to enhance the efficiency which will be analyzed on the
basis of blade height area of fluid flow , area of blade thickness and angles . This simulation is based on
the define value of temperature pressure density of fluid and solid used in blade construction will be
meshed in ANSYS and calculation on the basis of FEM and the result from this calculation over the
temperature and fluid flow inside the gas turbine of different number of blade is studied will be compare
to reach high efficiency point. By determent these value output is formulated on graph chart and will be
studied and result obtain
the presentation describes in details about the feed water and condensate heaters used in Thermal Power Stations or elsewhere. The performance parameters of the heaters are also described in details.
The Presentation describes the basics about the Efficiency and performance of a steam based power plant. It also describes how the heat rate of the power plant is important from the point of view of fuel savings.
GEORG Geothermal Workshop 2016 SESSION B2, Midstream. Presentation title: Feasibility study for utilizing an ORC cycle to cool medium temperature geothermal fluid to appropriate temperature for use at Seltjarnarnes district heating
Simulation of gas turbine blade for enhancement of efficiency of gas turbine...IJMER
As day by day population of the world is increasing and our resources are frequently reducing
hence to meet this demand of the world of energy we have to move to a device which have a maximum
efficiency for the condition turbo-machinery are better suited machines having a good efficiency, in
which a Gas turbine is best example of turbo- machinery Turbine is the part of gas turbine which provide
the power to compressor to run or provide power to external source from where energy can be extracted
by attaching alternator in the shaft of Gas turbine. As in earlier a lot of work have been done by the
researcher to increase the efficiency and standard of Gas turbine by the method of film cooling, coating,
and curvature of blade to protect the blade from high temperature of 1200 C° inside the Gas turbine to
increase the life of blade without considering about the efficiency of the engine As in this work is to
enhancement of efficiency of Gas turbine. Gas turbine blade is very important component of engine as
they are attached to both turbine or compressor and turbine provide energy to compressor hence the
turbine blade are more important component to enhance the efficiency which will be analyzed on the
basis of blade height area of fluid flow , area of blade thickness and angles . This simulation is based on
the define value of temperature pressure density of fluid and solid used in blade construction will be
meshed in ANSYS and calculation on the basis of FEM and the result from this calculation over the
temperature and fluid flow inside the gas turbine of different number of blade is studied will be compare
to reach high efficiency point. By determent these value output is formulated on graph chart and will be
studied and result obtain
the presentation describes in details about the feed water and condensate heaters used in Thermal Power Stations or elsewhere. The performance parameters of the heaters are also described in details.
Retrospective application of SAFEMODE risk models to maritime accident invest...Yasser B. A. Farag
My presentation at the first International Maritime Human Factors Symposium, held in Glasgow in 2022. The presentation shows how barrier-based risk models could be used retrospectively in analysing accidents and incident data.
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Includes:
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Regulation 14 - Sulphur Oxide (SOx) emissions from ships
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Air compressors
1. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
2. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
• An air compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of air by reducing volume.
• Air is compressible, the compressor reduces the volume of air and induces pressure in the air
• An air compressor converts electrical energy into kinetic energy in the form of the air
Compressed air Usage onboard
1. M/E Starting
2. A/E Starting
3. Control air
4. Service Air
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What is a Compressor ?
3. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
According to number of stages
Single stage, double stage, three stage of multiple stage
According to action
Single acting or double acting
According to position of cylinder w.r.t. crankshaft
Cylinders inline, vertical, radial position, V-type cylinder arrangement
According to prime mover
Electric motor drive or IC engine drive, Gas turbine drives
According to cooling medium
Air cooled, water cooled air compressors
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Classification of air compressor
4. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
Configurations
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Compression cycle
6. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
Single stage single acting
Single stage
Single Stage Double Acting
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Multistaging
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P-V Diagram
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Intercooling effect
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10. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
𝜂𝜂𝑣𝑣= _______________________
Volumetric Efficiency
Theoretical suction volume Vs
Actual suction volume Vx
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Compressor Valves
12. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
Compound Valves, why used in Air Compressor?
• Give large area of opening and small amount of valve lift.
• Improve Volumetric Efficiency, as valve open and close in
minimum time.
• Reduce bumping clearance.
• Reduce wear and tear.
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Compressor Valves
13. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
Effects of leaking valves in Air Compressor:
First Stage Suction:
• Reduce air delivery
• Reduce 2nd stage suction pressure
• Unload the compressor
• Increase running time.
First Stage Delivery:
• Reduce air delivery
• Increase discharge temperature
• Less air drawn in, due to high-pressure air leaking back into cylinder.
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Compressor Valves
14. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
Effects of leaking valves in Air Compressor:
Second Stage Suction:
• Reduce air delivery
• High temperature & pressure in 2nd stage suction line
• Increase running time
Second Stage Delivery:
• Reduce air delivery
• Increase suction pressure in 2nd stage
• Increase delivery pressure from 1st stage.
• Back pressure from air bottle
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Compressor Valves
15. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
Compressor Valves
How to check Air Compressor Efficiency?
• Regular overhauling of valves done or not.
• Check Air Bottle filling time.
• Compare test results and records
How to check Air Compressor capacity is sufficient?
• Total no. of Air Compressors must be sufficient to fill the empty Air
Bottle to maximum pressure within 1 hour.
• Must be sufficient to start at least 12 times for Reversible Engine,
and at least 6 times for Non-Reversible Engine.
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16. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
Safety devices on Main Air Compressor
• Bursting Disc on Intercooler: (At water side)
• Bursting Disc and Fusible Plug (121°C) on Aftercooler
• Relief valves on LP and HP stages. (Set to lift at 10% rise
above normal stage pressure.)
• Automatic Moisture Drain Valve.
• Cooling water supply failure alarm.
• Low LO pressure alarm.
• Relief valve on crankcase LO pump.
• Delivery air HT cut out and alarm on Aftercooler outlet.
(Max. 93°C)
• LP discharge pressure 4 bars and HP discharge pressure 30
bar
• Intercooler inlet air 130°C and intercooler outlet air 35°C
• Aftercooler inlet air 130°C and Aftercooler outlet air 35°C:
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17. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
Bursting Disc
• Fitted on the shell of Intercooler at waterside.
• Relieves pressure if the tubes burst.
• Rolled Copper Alloy and relief pressure is set while
the disc is at softest condition.
• Material tends to harden due to time and
surrounding temperature, and set pressure also
increased.
• Bursting Disc needed to be annealed, to regain
correct relief pressure
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18. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
Hazard of Dirty Filter
• Very dirty filter or muffling a filter results in large
pressure drop.
• Air has to be compressed over higher range.
• In extreme case, discharge air temperature may
exceed flash point, or auto-ignition temperature
resulting in an
• As a safety against explosion, air temperature is
limited to 93° Fusible Plug(121°C) or a High
Temperature cut out (93°C) is provided on
Compressor.
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19. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
Air receiver
Safety devices on Main Air Bottle:
1. Fusible plug.
2. Pressure Relief Valve
3. Atmospheric Relief Valve.
4. Low Air Pressure alarm.
5. Automatic or remote control
Moisture Drain Valve.
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20. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G2 January 2021
Mountings
1. Fusible plug:
• composition – Bismuth 50%, Tin 30%, Lead 20%,
• Melting point: 220΄F (104.4΄C). Fitted at the reservoir’s bottom or on reservoir at ship side, when relief valve
(safety valve) is not directly fitted on the reservoir.
2. Atmospheric relief valve: provided for back-up of fusible plug. In case of ER fire when CO₂ flooding is required, this
valve is opened before evacuating ER.
3. Spring loaded safety valve: setting pressure: 32 bar (for 30 bar working pressure), with ≯ 10% rise in accumulation
of pressure. May be fitted directly or with extension.
4. Compensation ring: when a hole is cut or machined in pressure vessel, higher stresses will subject to the material
around the hole, and to reduce this, compensation rings are fitted. It is a flange on which a valve or fitting is usually
mounted.
5. Manual Drain valve or Automatic Drain valve.
6. Pressure gauges.
7. Access doors.
8. Main starting air valve, auxiliary starting air valve, filling valve, service air or whistle air valve.
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