SOLAS:The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is an international maritime treaty which sets minimum safety standards in the construction, equipment and operation of merchant ships. The convention requires signatory flag states to ensure that ships flagged by them comply with at least these standards.
SOLAS:The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is an international maritime treaty which sets minimum safety standards in the construction, equipment and operation of merchant ships. The convention requires signatory flag states to ensure that ships flagged by them comply with at least these standards.
Presentation on maneuvering and collision avoidance with special focus on large tonnage vessels.
Maneuverability limits and last moment maneuver are thoroughly shown in this material.
Oil and Liquefied Gas Tanker Operations is a comprehensive separately bookable course designed to provide participants with a technical perspective of shipping operations. The 4 day course will cover technical designs and features of tankers, operational execution based on charterparty terms, port, cargo and ballasting operations, tank cleaning, safety assessment and procedures, all broken down and discussed in detail. In addition, tanker owners, managers, operators and charterers will learn how to best minimize any operational claims and disputes due to accidents either out at sea or berthing at ports.
Presentation on maneuvering and collision avoidance with special focus on large tonnage vessels.
Maneuverability limits and last moment maneuver are thoroughly shown in this material.
Oil and Liquefied Gas Tanker Operations is a comprehensive separately bookable course designed to provide participants with a technical perspective of shipping operations. The 4 day course will cover technical designs and features of tankers, operational execution based on charterparty terms, port, cargo and ballasting operations, tank cleaning, safety assessment and procedures, all broken down and discussed in detail. In addition, tanker owners, managers, operators and charterers will learn how to best minimize any operational claims and disputes due to accidents either out at sea or berthing at ports.
Flag State's, Port State's and Labour Supplying State's Responsibilities unde...Amarinder Singh Brar
Day-4 session of Certificate Course on Maritime Labour Law conducted by Gujurat Maritime University.
My talk and presentation focussed on the responsibilities of the Flag State, Port State and Labour Supplying State under MLC2006 with examples of implementation followed by a discussion of case law and COVID-19 related matters affecting seafarers.
Retrospective application of SAFEMODE risk models to maritime accident invest...Yasser B. A. Farag
My presentation at the first International Maritime Human Factors Symposium, held in Glasgow in 2022. The presentation shows how barrier-based risk models could be used retrospectively in analysing accidents and incident data.
- Complexity of climate systems
- Climate modelling
- The need for modelling
- System thinking
- Analytical vs Numerical modeling
- Mathematical models
- Modeling process and model selection
- Model Uncertainty
- Modeling application and tools
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
Introducing New Government Regulation on Toll Road.pdfAHRP Law Firm
For nearly two decades, Government Regulation Number 15 of 2005 on Toll Roads ("GR No. 15/2005") has served as the cornerstone of toll road legislation. However, with the emergence of various new developments and legal requirements, the Government has enacted Government Regulation Number 23 of 2024 on Toll Roads to replace GR No. 15/2005. This new regulation introduces several provisions impacting toll business entities and toll road users. Find out more out insights about this topic in our Legal Brief publication.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
PRECEDENT AS A SOURCE OF LAW (SAIF JAVED).pptxOmGod1
Precedent, or stare decisis, is a cornerstone of common law systems where past judicial decisions guide future cases, ensuring consistency and predictability in the legal system. Binding precedents from higher courts must be followed by lower courts, while persuasive precedents may influence but are not obligatory. This principle promotes fairness and efficiency, allowing for the evolution of the law as higher courts can overrule outdated decisions. Despite criticisms of rigidity and complexity, precedent ensures similar cases are treated alike, balancing stability with flexibility in judicial decision-making.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
ASHWINI KUMAR UPADHYAY v/s Union of India.pptxshweeta209
transfer of the P.I.L filed by lawyer Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay in Delhi High Court to Supreme Court.
on the issue of UNIFORM MARRIAGE AGE of men and women.
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
Visit Now: https://www.tumblr.com/trademark-quick/751620857551634432/ensure-legal-protection-file-your-trademark-with?source=share
1. Prepared by: Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MSc. of Maritime Energy Management - WMU – Sweden
Marine Chief Engineer
Lecturer at Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies - AASTMT
2. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
What is IMO?
• International Maritime Organization.
• IMO is the specialized agency of the United Nations (U.N.) concerned with
Maritime Affairs located in London, England.
3. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
History
⚫ 1948 UN Maritime Conference adopts Convention on the Inter-Governmental Maritime
Consultative Organization (IMCO)
⚫ 1958 Entry into force of Convention
⚫ 1959 First Assembly of IMCO
⚫ 1982 Name was changed to International Maritime Organization
4. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
What Does IMO Do?
“Safe, secure and efficient shipping on
clean oceans.”
13. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
Code Objectives
▪ To ensure Safety at sea
▪ To prevent human injury or loss of life
▪ To avoid damage to the environment and to the ship
16. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
Application
• IMO adopted the ISM Code, by introducing the Chapter - IX in the SOLAS - 1974 in November 1993
and made it mandatory in May 1994. The effective dates when it came in force are as follows:
• By 1st July 1998: All passenger ships / high speed crafts, all cargo high speed crafts, all tankers, all
gas carriers and all bulk carriers of GRT 500 and above.
• By 1st July 2002: All cargo ships and all mobile off shore drill units of GRT 500 and above.
• The ISM Code was amended in December 2000 by resolution MSC.104(73), and these amendments
entered into force on 1 July 2002.
17. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
• It was further amended in December 2004 by resolution MSC.179(79), and these amendments entered
into force on 1 July 2006.
• It was further amended in May 2005 by resolution MSC.195(80), and these amendments entered into
force on 1 January 2009.
• The ISM Code was also amended in December 2008 by resolution MSC.273(85). This resolution was
adopted on 1 January 2010, and the amendments entered into force on 1 July 2010.
• The Code was further amended in June 2013 by resolution MSC.353(92) and these amendments entered
into force on 1 January 2015
Application
30. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
Certification, Verification and Control
• The ship should be operated by a Company, which is issued a document of compliance relevant to that ship.
• A document of compliance should be issued for every Company complying with requirements of the ISM Code
by the Administration, by an organization recognized by the Administration or by the Government of the
country acting on behalf of the Administration in which the Company has chosen to conducts its
business. This document should be accepted as evidence that the Company is capable of complying with the
requirements of the Code.
• A copy of such a document should be placed on board in order that the master, if so asked, may produce it for
the verification of the Administration or organizations recognized by it.
31. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
Certification, Verification and Control
• A certificate, called a Safety Management Certificate, should be issued to a ship by the Administration
or organization recognized by the Administration. The Administration should, when issuing the
certificate, verify that the Company and its shipboard management operate in accordance with the
approved SMS.
• The Administration or an organization recognized by the Administration should periodically verify the
proper functioning of the ship's SMS as approved.
32. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
a) Document of Compliance (DOC)
• DOC is issued to the Company after complying with the requirements of the ISM Code and demonstrating its
effective evidence implementation, which should include objective evidence of at least 3 months operation
ashore and a minimum of 3 months operation on one ship of each type.
• Validity: Validity of DOC is 5 years, subject to annual audits and following requirements:
1. Amendment to the ISM Code (if any) taken into account,
2. Request for periodical audits made,
3. No evidence of a major non-conformance,
4. Corrective actions completed within the agreed time frame.
33. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
b) Safety Management Certificate (SMC)
• SMC is issued to a vessel / mobile offshore unit, which has valid DOC. The SMC shall be applicable to that
particular ship type. Objective evidence of the effective functioning of a company's SMS for at least 3 months on
board the vessel should be available, which should include records from IQA performed by the company.
• Validity: Validity of an SMC is 5 years subject to at least one intermediate audit, and
1. Amendment to the ISM Code (if any) taken into account,
2. Request for intermediate audits made,
3. There should be no evidence of a major non-conformance,
4. Corrective actions completed within the agreed time frame.
34. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
c) Interim Certificate
• Interim Certificate validity not to exceed 12 months.
• Conditions for interim DOC and SMC issue:
I. New companies,
II. Change of flag state / company / owner,
III. New ship types added to an existing DOC (interim DOC),
IV. New ship on delivery / new acquisition (interim SMC).
35. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
c) Interim Certificate
Before issue of interim SMC the company to demonstrate that:
1. The DOC and Interim DOC, relevant to the ship exists.
2. SMS includes all elements for that ship type and has undergone initial verification prior to
issue.
3. Master and officers are familiar with the SMS.
4. Essential instructions given prior to sailing.
5. Internal Audits plans of company (within 3 months).
6. Information on SMS provided to ship's personnel in working language.
36. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
Types of Audits (External)
• External Audits are conducted by a Third Party or by a Ship Classification Society or a body authorized
by the National / State Administration.
• There are four stages of an External Audit (ISM Code).
1. Initial Audits:
I. For the issue of a DOC: An audit of the Company's effective functioning of a SMS including objective
evidence of its operation 3 months ashore and on one ship of each type.
II. For the issue of a SMC: The existence of a valid DOC relevant for that type of vessel, including
objective evidence of 3 months of operation of a SMS and reports of Internal Audits.
37. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
Types of Audits (External)
2. Periodical / Annual Audits: To conform the effective functioning of a SMS and for maintaining
the validity of DOC.
3. Intermediate Audits: Take place between the 2nd and 3rd year of the certificate validity and its
purpose is to ensure continued effective functioning of a SMS.
4. Renewal Audits: Is carried out prior to expiry and for the revalidation of the DOC and the SMC
40. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
DPA
According to the ISM Code the Designated Person Ashore (DPA) plays a key role in the
effective implementation of a Safety Management System and takes responsibility for:
• Verification and;
• Monitoring of all safety and pollution prevention activities.
