This document provides an overview of the contents of a marine engineering knowledge course taught by Yasser B. A. Farag. The course aims to meet the minimum requirements for knowledge in marine engineering at the management level according to the STCW 78 convention. The course will cover topics related to ship types, machinery systems, and marine engineering knowledge to allow trainees to perform the duties of a second engineer. The course includes references and is divided into sections covering topics such as engines, steering systems, auxiliary machinery, and various ship systems.

1. Yasser B. A. Farag
MSc. of Maritime Energy Management - - Sweden
Lecturer at Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
Maritime Chief Engineer
Maritime Upgrading Studies Institute - 2 0 2 0 -
Marine Engineering Knowledge
UE231

2. Ship’s types
Low speed
Engines
Medium
speed
Engines
High speed
turbines
Thrust
mechanism
Shaft
alignment
Thrust block
Stern tube
Pilgrim nut
Propeller
shaft removal
Shaft
balancing
Vibration
Intro to
Hydraulic sys
CPP
S/G system
requirement
s
Telemotor
system
Power unit
Control unit
Actuators
Crosshead
arrangement
Electrical
steering gear
General
pumping
system
Positive
displacement
pumps
Roro-
dynamic
pumps
Priming
methods
Axial flow
pump
Pump shaft
sealing
Cavitation
Cargo
systems
Introductio
n
Shell & Tube
Plate type
HE
Temperature
control
Maintenance
Fire tube
boiler
Water tube
boiler
Boiler
automation
Common boiler
fittings
Safety valves
Boiler
corrosion
Boiler Water
treatment
Low pressure
evaporator
Two stage
evaporator
Reverse
osmosis
evaporator
Types of valves
Central cooling
system
Fire system
Bilge & Ballast
system
Drinking water
treatment
Domestic F.W
system
Refining
process
Settling tank
Filtration
Purifiers &
Clarifiers
Purifying
process
Auto clean
purifier
Shipboard oil
tests
Marine
Pollution
Sewage
OWS
Air Pollution
Q & A
Refrigeration
Cycle
Compressor
Exp.Valve
Air
Conditioning
Comfort Zone
A/C Systems
Types &
Classification
P-V diagram
Intercooling
Volumetric
Eff.
Valves
Anchor
Handling
Mooring
equipment
Deck Cranes
UE231 C o u r s e C o n t e n t s
Machinery
space
layout
© Y a s s e r B . A . F a r a g - 2 0 2 0

3. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G20 October 2020
Course Aim
This course aims to meet the mandatory minimum requirements for
knowledge, understanding and proficiency in the STCW 78 as amended. It
particularly aims to meet the specific requirements stated in Chapter III,
Section A-III/2 of STCW-78, as amended for the function 1 ”Marine
engineering at the management level” and Function 3 “Maintenance and
repair at the management level”.
By completion of this course, The trainee should have the sufficient general
marine engineering knowledge to carry out the related duties of the second
engineer in a safe and efficient manner.
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References
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Ship’s types
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Dry Cargo ships
The basic dry cargo vessels are broadly divided into the following main categories:
1. General cargo vessels,
2. Bulk Carriers,
3. Containerships while each of them consists of several subcategories mainly
depending on their technical characteristics and/or sizes.
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General Cargo ships
It consists of as large a clear open cargo carrying
space as possible, together with the facilities
required for loading and unloading the cargo.
Access to the cargo storage areas or holds is
provided by openings in the deck called hatches.
Hatch covers of wood or steel are used to close
the hatch openings when the ship is at sea. The
hatch covers are made watertight and lie upon
comings around the hatch which are set some
distance from the upper of weather deck to reduce
the risk of flooding in heavy seas.
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General Cargo ships
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Bulk carriers are single deck
vessels which transport single
commodity cargoes such as
grains, sugar, and ores in
bulk. The cargo carrying
section of the ship is divided
into holds which may have
any number of arrangements,
depending upon the range of
cargoes to be carried.
Bulk Carriers
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Today, bulk carriers make up 15% - 17% of
the world's merchant fleets and range in
size from single-hold mini-bulk carriers to
mammoth ore ships able to carry 400,000
metric tons of deadweight (DWT). A number
of specialized designs exist: some can
unload their own cargo, some depend on
port facilities for unloading, and some even
package the cargo as it is loaded.
Bulk Carriers
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Container ships
are cargo ships that carry all of their load in
truck-size intermodal containers, in a
technique called containerization. They are
a common means of commercial intermodal
freight transport and now carry most seagoing
non-bulk cargo.
Container ship capacity is measured in
twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical
loads are a mix of 20-foot and 40-foot (2-TEU)
ISO-standard containers, with the latter
predominant.
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1. bridge castle front,
2. deck containers,
3. foremast and mast top,
4. forecastle,
5. insulated containers in holds,
6. container refrigeration ducts,
7. double hull,
8. passageway,
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Container ships

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The cargo carrying section of the ship
is divided into several holds which
have hatch opening the full width and
length of the hold. The containers are
racked in special frameworks and
stacked one upon the other within the
hold space. Cargo handling therefore
consists only of vertical movement of
the cargo in the hold. Containers can
also be staked on the hatch covers
where a low density cargo is carried.
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Container ships

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Container ships
Today, about 90% of non-bulk
cargo worldwide is transported
by container, and modern
container ships can carry over
21,000 TEU. As a class,
container ships now rival crude
oil tankers and bulk carriers as
the largest commercial vessels
on the ocean.
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The passenger liner or its modern
equivalent the cruise liner exists to provide
a means of luxurious transport between
interesting destinations, in pleasant
climates, for its human cargo. The
passenger traveling in such a ship pays for,
and expects, a superior standard of
accommodations and leisure facilities. Large
amounts of superstructure are therefore an
essential feature of passenger ships. Several
tiers of decks are fitted with large open
lounges, ballrooms, swimming pools and
promenade areas as in figure.
Passenger ships
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Large passenger liners are
rare, the moderated sized
cruise liner 12000 tonnes
displacement now being the
more prevalent. Passenger
carrying capacity is around
600 with speeds in the region
of 22 knots.
Passenger ships
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RORO ships
Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or
ro-ro) ships are vessels
designed to carry wheeled
cargo, such as cars, trucks,
semi-trailer trucks, trailers,
and railroad cars, that are
driven on and off the ship
on their own wheels
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Tankers
The tanker is used to carry bulk
liquid cargoes the most common
type being the oil tanker. Many
other liquids are carried in tankers
and specially constructed vessel re
used for chemicals, liquefied
petroleum gas, liquefied natural
gas, etc.
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Tankers
Large amounts of piping are to be
seen on the deck running from the
pump rooms to the discharge
manifolds positioned at amidships,
port and starboard. The
accommodation and machinery spaces
are located aft in modern tanker. The
range of sizes for oil tankers at
present is enormous, from small to
700000 deadweight tones.
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Liquefied gas tankers
Liquefied gas tankers are used to
carry, usually at low temperature,
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
A separate inner tank is usually
employed to contain the liquid and
this tank is supported by the outer
hull which has a double bottom as
in figure.
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Liquefied gas tankers
LPG tankers carry propane, butane,
propylene, etc. which are extracted from
natural gas. The gases are carried either
fully pressurizes, part pressurizes part
refrigerated or fully refrigerated. The fully
pressurizes tank operates at 18 bar and
ambient temperature, the fully
refrigerated tank at 0.25 bar and -50 C.
separate containment tanks within the hull
are used and are surrounded by insulation
where low temperatures are employed.
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Liquefied gas tankers
LNG tankers carry methane and
other paraffin products obtained
as a by product of petroleum
drilling operations. The gas is
carried at atmospheric pressure
and temperatures as low as -164 C.
in tanks of special materials which
can accept the low temperature.
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24. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G20 October 2020
Liquefied gas tankers
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25. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G20 October 2020
Liquefied gas tankers
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Offshore Supply vessels
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Fishing vessels
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Ship Machineries
1. Main Propulsion system
2. Steering gear system
3. Auxiliaries
• Aux Boiler
• Aux Engines
• Pumps
• Heat Exchangers – Fresh water
generator
• Compressors
• Purifiers
• Oily water Separator
• Incinerator
• Refrigerator
4. Tanks
• Fuel Tanks
• Oil Tanks
• Fresh Water Tanks
5. Various Ship systems
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1. To improve Safety
2. Cost savings
3. To improve the ship damage survivability
4. Easier shaft alignment.
5. Maximizes the cargo carrying capacity of the vessel
Why the Engine Room is located in the AFT position in most of the cargo ships ?
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Arrangement
Three principal types of machinery installation are to be found at sea today. The three layouts involve
the use of
1. Direct-coupled slow-speed diesel engines,
2. Medium-speed diesels with a gearbox, and
3. The steam turbine with a gearbox drive to the propeller.
A propeller, in order to operate efficiently, must rotate at a relatively low speed. Thus, regardless of
the rotational speed of the prime mover, the propeller shaft must rotate at about 80 to 100 rev/min.
Engine room Layout
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31. M a r i n e E n g i n e e r i n g K n o w l e d g e U E 2 3 1 | Y A S S E R B . A . F A R A G20 October 2020
The slow-speed diesel engine
rotates at this low speed and
the crankshaft is thus directly
coupled to the propeller
shafting.
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Slow speed E/R layout

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Slow speed E/R layout
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Medium speed
Four medium-speed (500 rev/min)
diesels are used in the machinery
layout. The gear units provide a
twin-screw drive at 170 rev/min to
controllable-pitch propellers. The
gear units also power take-offs for
shaft-driven generators which
provide all power requirements
while at sea.
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Steam turbine driven ships
Twin cross-compounded steam turbines
are used in the machinery layout of the
container ship, shown in Figure. Each
turbine set drives, through a double
reduction gearbox with separate thrust
block, its own fixed-pitch propeller. The
condensers are located beneath each
low-pressure turbine and are arranged
for scoop circulation at full power
operation and axial pump circulation
when maneuvering.
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