Bunker surveying course

1. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MSc. of Maritime Energy Management - WMU – Sweden
Lecturer in the Maritime Upgrading Studies Institute – MUSI
Chief Engineer

2. Fuel oil properties

3. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Oil sources
3Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

4. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Hydrocarbons
4Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

5. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Characteristics
5Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

6. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Characteristics
6Monday, February 24, 2020
Crude oil source North Sea Indonesia Venezuela Middle East
Sulphur content
(% by weight) 0.3 0.2 5.5 2.5
Pour point
(deg C) -3 39 9 -15
Viscosity @ 50 deg C
(cSt) 4 12 1900 8
Bunker & draft survey course

7. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Refining Process
7Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

8. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Yield of residual FO per barrel of crude refined has
reduced by 40% in recent years. This has resulted in
lower hydrogen content of the fuel. Increased
concentration of Sulphur, vanadium, Na, trace metals
,found naturally in crude.
Increased density of FO making water/impurities
separation, difficult lower ignition quality and
making bigger ignition delay. Higher levels of
asphaltenes and the related sludge problems. In
addition to catalytic abrasive materials added in
refining process
8
Effects of modern refining
Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

9. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Products
9Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

10. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Health and Safety
10Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

11. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Ambient conditions
11Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

12. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Reference conditions
12Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

13. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Cloud point
13Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

14. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Compatibility
14Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

15. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Compatibility
15Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

16. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Compatibility
16Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

17. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Stratification
17Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

18. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Density
18Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

19. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Relative Density
19Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

20. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Density
20Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

21. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Density - Temperature
21Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

22. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Density – Temperature - Pressure
22Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

23. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Density
23Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

24. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Flash point
24Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

25. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Flash point
25Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

26. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Flash point
26Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

27. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Fire point
27Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

28. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Ignition quality
28Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

29. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Ignition quality methods
29Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

30. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Ignition quality methods
30Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

31. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Ignition quality methods
31Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

32. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Ignition quality methods
32Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

33. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Pour point
33Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

34. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Storage temperature
34Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

35. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Specific Energy
35Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

36. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Specific Energy
36Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

37. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Viscosity
37Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

38. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Viscosity
38Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

39. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Viscosity
39Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

40. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Viscosity
40Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

41. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Viscosity measurements
41Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

42. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Viscosity measurements
42Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

43. Viscosity measurements
43Bunker & draft survey course

44. 44Bunker & draft survey course

45. 45Bunker & draft survey course

46. 46Bunker & draft survey course

47. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Oil records
47Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

48. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
History
48Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

49. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
History
49Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

50. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
History
50Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

51. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Example
51Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

52. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Bunker analysis report
52Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

53. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Bunker analysis report
53Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

54. Regulatory framework

55. Institute of Maritime Upgrading Studies
The MARPOL Regime
Flag State
Implement MARPOL regulations on ships
raising the flag
Coastal State
Implement MARPOL regulations in Coastal
waters
Port State
Implement MARPOL regulations on foreign
ships at ports
Shipowner
Ensure implemented standards being
maintained

56. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MARPOL 73/78
56Monday, February 24, 2020
Annex I Annex IVAnnex VAnnex IVAnnex IIIAnnex II
Oil
Oct 2, 1983
155 Countries
99.14% world
tonnage
Noxious
Liquid
Substances
carried in
Bulk
April 6, 1987
155 Countries
99.14% world
tonnage
Harmful
Substances
carried in
Packaged
Form
July 1, 1992
147 Countries
98.54% world
tonnage
Garbage
Dec 31, 1988
New rules from
Jan 01, 2013
152 Countries
98.72% world
tonnage
Sewage
Sep 27, 2003
141 Countries
96.28% world
tonnage
Air
Pollution
May 19, 2005
89 Countries
96.18% world
tonnage
Bunker & draft survey course

57. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MARPOL 73/78, Annex VI
57Monday, February 24, 2020
 Entered into force on 19 May 2005.
 The adoption of MARPOL Annex VI has followed some years of debate within organizations.
 At the same time the Technical code on the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides from Marine
Diesel Engines was adopted.
 MARPOL Annex VI and the Technical Code have retroactive requirements for the following:
 Applies to all ships, fixed and floating drilling rigs and other platforms.
 The certification requirements are depending on size of the vessel and when it is constructed.
International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (IAPP Certificate).
Bunker & draft survey course

58. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MARPOL 73/78, Annex VI
58Monday, February 24, 2020
Annex VI has requirements to the following main issues:
 Regulation 12 - Emissions from Ozone depleting substances from refrigerating plants
and fire fighting equipment
 Regulation 13 - Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines
 Regulation 14 - Sulphur Oxide (SOx) emissions from ships
 Regulation 15 - Volatile Organic compounds
 Regulation 16 - Emissions from shipboard incinerators
 Regulation 18 - Fuel Oil quality.
Bunker & draft survey course

59. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Fuel oil availability and quality – Marpol, Annex VI, Regulation 18
59Monday, February 24, 2020
• In general this regulation is not directed to ships, rather to fuel oil suppliers and their control by the
appropriate authorities together with other regulatory aspects. In particular the requirements of regulations
18.1, 18.2, 18.4, 18.5, 18.8.2, 18.9 and 18.10, together with aspects of regulations 18.8.1, should be seen as
supportive of regulation 14 in respect of those aspects which are outside the control of the ship owner.
• Regulations 18.6 and 18.8.1 have specific ship (for those that are required to have IAPP Certificates) related
actions concerning the retention onboard of the bunker delivery notes for a period of not less than 3 years
following delivery, subject to any relaxation afforded by application of regulation 18.11, and the retention,
under the ship’s control (therefore not necessarily onboard although they should be readily accessible if so
required by the relevant authorities), of the representative fuel oil samples until the subject fuel oil is
substantially consumed but for not less than 12 months from the date of delivery. These requirements apply
irrespective of whether or not compliance with regulation 14 - SOx and particulate matter emission control -
is complied with by means of bunkering fuel oils which do not exceed the stated limits.
Bunker & draft survey course

60. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Fuel oil availability and quality
60Monday, February 24, 2020
• The guidelines for the sampling of fuel oil for
determination of compliance with MARPOL Annex
VI have been updated to take into account the
revised Annex VI, resolution MEPC.182(59).
Bunker & draft survey course

61. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MEPC 182 (59)
61Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

62. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MEPC 182 (59)
62Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

63. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MEPC 182 (59)
63Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

64. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MEPC 182 (59)
64Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

65. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MEPC 182 (59)
65Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

66. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MEPC 182 (59)
66Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

67. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
MEPC 182 (59)
67Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

68. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Bunkering
68Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

69. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
Bunkering in steps
69Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

70. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy 70Monday, February 24, 2020
Bunkering in steps
Bunker & draft survey course

71. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy 71Monday, February 24, 2020
Bunkering in steps
Bunker & draft survey course

72. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy 72Monday, February 24, 2020
Bunkering in steps
Important
notes
Bunker & draft survey course

73. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
BDN
73Monday, February 24, 2020 Bunker & draft survey course

74. Eng. Yasser Bayoumy
1. Gravitation
2. Filtration
3. Centrifugal purification
74Monday, February 24, 2020
Oil treatment onboard
Bunker & draft survey course

75. Questions?