This document discusses prefixes and suffixes. It provides lists of common prefixes and suffixes used in English, along with their meanings and examples. Prefixes are added to the beginning of words to modify their meaning, while suffixes are added to the end. Some examples provided are the prefix "pre-" meaning before, and the suffix "-ly" used to form adverbs.

1. A FF I X E S

2. An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. Affixes may be derivational , like English -ness and pre- , or inflectional , like English plural -s and past tense -ed .

3. TWO COMMON TYPES OF AFFIXES Suffix/Postfix (Schema) stem-suffix - Appears at the back of a stem Prefix (Schema) prefix-stem -Appears at the front of a stem

4. … ..one or more letters or syllables added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning Prefixes combine with words to create new meanings. Pre + View = Preview (first look) Super + Star = Superstar (top player) PREFIX

5. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 1. a- also an- not/without a theist, a nemic A person who does not believe in God is an atheist . a- to, towards a side, a back I was so taken aback by this new act of kindness that I could not say a word. in the process of, in a particular state a glow His face was aglow with delight.

6. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE a- Of a new Could she begin anew , and found it upon a rock? Completely a bashed I abashed my teacher when I told him that his answer was wrong. 2. ab- also abs away, from ab dicate, abs tract They abdicated their responsibility as caretakers. It's difficult to follow the professor's lecture when he discusses abstract , philosophical theories.

7. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 3. acro- high, up acro phobia acro polis Henry suffers from acrophobia ; he's abnormally afraid of being in high places. The central acropolis is approximately 900 feet above sea level. 4. aero- air aero nautics aero dynamics In the U.K. and Europe, computational aerodynamics now plays an important industrial role and it has significantly influenced the design of modern aircraft.

8. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 5. anti- also ant- opposing, against, the opposite anti climax, Ant arctic The anticlimax of the story was very boring! It is very cold in Antarctica . 6. be- all over, all around be set be spatter I was beset by problems in every department after the holiday was over. They bespatter the bread with melted butter. completely be witch, The woman bewitched me with her beautiful eyes.

9. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE having, covered with be jeweled When I'm dressed, bejeweled , and coiffed, I will descend the stairs like a queen. affect with (added to nouns) be fog Low-hanging clouds befogged the city. cause to be (added to adjectives) be calm She uttered the words in a voice becalmed by resignation.

10. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 7. com- also co-, col-, con-, cor- with, jointly, completely com bat, col lude, con fide, cor rode In combat , everybody is the same, going through the stress together. They were arrested because they colluded with the Mafia. I confide in my best friend. It is a well known fact that sugar will corrode your teeth.

11. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 8. contra- against, opposite contra ceptive Using a contraceptives will prevent pregnancy but will not usually protect against sexually transmitted diseases. 9. counter- opposition, opposite direction counter -attack, After the aliens shot proton torpedoes at me, I counterattacked by using my Electron Vaporizer 2000. 10. de- down, away de scend, de spair, de pend, de duct I'm going to deduct your allowance. The angels descended from heaven to announce the birth of Jesus.

12. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE completely de nude, de nigrate They denuded the trees in the forest. Whenever I'm not around, she'll denigrate me to other people. removal, reversal de camp We will decamp before the rain begins.

13. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 11. dis- negation, removal, expulsion dis advantage, dis mount, The other team had a disadvantage because they were missing one player. At the end of a hard ride, you should dismount your horse and let it rest. 12. en- also em- put into or on en gulf, The whole building was instantly engulfed in flames.

14. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE intensification en tangle, en rage I was entangled in the beauty of her eyes. The job of the matador is to enrage the bull without getting hurt. 13. es- Out Es cape Es planade The thief was able to escape before the police reach the bank My two friends and I took a stroll along the esplanade next to the mall.

15. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 14. eu- well Eu phony Eu logy "The euphony of the wind ruffling the leaves of the trees was calming and reassuring.“ His touching eulogy for his deceased friend left all the mourners weeping. 15. for- away for get for give He who has tasted Creole coffee will never forget it. She cannot forgive him for forgetting her birthday

16. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 16. fore- before fore tell fore runner His early career did not foretell his artistic interests. John the Baptist was the forerunner of Christ. 17. hemi- Half Hemi sphere The top hemisphere of this globe is red and the bottom one is green. 18. n- No not n ever "A good lawyer should never ask a question unless he already knows the answer."

17. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 19. ne- not ne penthe She was lulled into a quiet calm by the nepenthe . 20. non- not non sense non age Peter the Great became the czar of Russia while still in his nonage , so the country was ruled for a time by his half-sister Sophia. 21. pan- all pan acea pan theism One day they hope to find the ultimate panacea and cure all of the world's ills. Pantheism is a philosophy where God is manifested in the universe, and that all creation is a part of God.

18. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 22. para- beyond para phernalia I brought my sports paraphernalia to the game . 23. peri- around about Peri phrasis peri meter The Ann Boleyn walk around the outer perimeter is a must. 24. preter- Beyond Past preter natural Before they disobeyed God, Adam and Eve had preternatural gifts because they were immortal and impassible.

19. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 25. pro- before pro logue pro gramme Without the prologue , the audience might not have known which character was the protagonist. 26. re- Retract Away Retrace re move re lease Janet began to remove the dishes from the table. again re sound re deem The words of the blessed Saint Michael Collier still resound . "Despite many failures, he was given one more chance to redeem himself."

20. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE Change of place re trace We retraced the route we took last summer. 27. retro- Back backwards Retro spect Retro grade Charles had good grades going into the final, but in retrospect it was easy to tell that he had never actually done his own homework. Instead of thriving, the baby's health turned retrograde.

21. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 28. trans- tra- tres- Across Through Over trans port tres pass The bomb squad had to transport the suspicious package in a bomb disposal unit in case it exploded. Do not trespass onto any adjoining private fields or woods. 29. un- uni- one Un animous Un iverse It is the nearly unanimous opinion of society that recycling is an important activity.

22. PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 30. vis- In place of vis count The second viscount was created first earl of Litchfield in the coronation honors of William IV in 1831. 31. with- Against Back with stand with draw How can you withstand that kind of insult?!'' Generally you can w ithdraw your non-preserved contributions at any time.

23. A letter, syllable, or group of syllables added at the end of a word or word base to change its meaning, give it grammatical function, or form a new word Suffixes combine with words to create new meanings. Turn + ed = Turned (in the past) Quick + ly = Quickly (how it turned) SUFFIX

24. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 1. -able capable of Cur able The great majority of tumors are potentially curable in their early stages. 2. -acious forms intensive adjective aud acious ten acious Waney's family in Batman series had an audacious vision of the bright future of Gotham City. However, some old theories have proved remarkably tenacious .

25. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 3. -ade Noun suffix Escap ade Actually I can't believe I've got this far without mentioning Greg's recent escapade with his friends from the mysteriously named consortium. 4. -ard intensive Drunk ard Lagg ard We see him change from being a chubby, loud mouthed drunkard to being a lean, mean, laconic, vengeance machine. The officer was laggard in his duties so much so that the thief almost got away with the bank's money.

26. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 5. -ble -ple fold dou ble quadru ple Social housing was a winner in the comprehensive spending review of July 2000 expenditure will nearly double up to 2003/04. 6. -cy State of being priva cy secre cy In the name of banking secrecy , the list of debtors is not available. 7. -dom Dominion Power king dom The prince traveled throughout the kingdom looking for Cinderella .

27. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 8. -en Made of Wood en Gold en A carved wooden Buddha overlooks the shaded central garden courtyard, which is surrounded by eight rooms with canopy beds and colonial-style interiors. To make Black en quick en Please blacken the letters so I can see it clearly. 9. -eous Consisting of Gas eous Aqu eous When heated by the air, dry ice reverts to a gaseous state as carbon dioxide. An Aqueous solution is a solution made of water.

28. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 10. -er Marks the agent/ instrument Writ er He was the most prolific writer of mathematics of all time. 11. -erly Direction to/ from south erly Last Saturday, the wind was from a generally southerly direction to start with, shifting to south westerly later in the day. 12. -escent Growing Becoming adol escent You and I are probably both becoming adolescents by the age of about 12 or 13.

29. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 13. -ese Belonging to Journal ese Do you pack your press releases or publicity with verbose journalese , business buzzwords, and jargon? 14. -esque Partaking of the quality of Arab esque Pictur esque Arabesque style of carving dominating until the 17th century began to be replaced by more intricate styles of carving. 15. -ever Giving sense of universal application who ever Whoever wants to go can go .

30. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 16. -form In the form of, resembling Cruci form They were being made to kneel cruciform in the sun until they collapsed, " he said. Indicating number of forms Uni form The new house had a uniform brick pattern. 17. -ful Full of Delight ful merci ful We headed here for lunch but found the place so delightful that we stayed the night. The judge was merciful over his ruling.

31. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 18. -fy to make Puri fy Glori fy Please purify the water. 19. -hood state Man hood When a boy is between 14 and 17 he has reached manhood . 20. -ics belongs to a science Mathemat ics Phys ics when someone goes in space and bring back materials and study them they are studying Physics.

32. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 21. -ile able to be, Frag ile Mob ile With the introduction of powered wheelchairs those who could no longer walk finally became mobile. belonging to Gent ile Catholics are gentiles. 22. -ior more, termination of complex degree Super ior Inter ior A person who bullies may behave in this intimidating way in order to get attention or to make them feel superior to others.

33. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 23. -ish Signifying somewhat Pink ish Her face is pinkish. Implying depreciation outland ish Work shoes shouldn't be too outlandish yet they should be stylish. ethnic Brit ish A British captain was struck by a cannon-ball on the head, just as he was giving an order, at the Battle of the Nile.

34. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 24. -ite born in, belonging to Israel ite Paul refers to himself as an “Israelite” nationally and ethnically. 25. -le Frequentative/ intensive Spark le Nothing beats the feeling of seeing diamonds sparkle on your finger! 26. -less free from penni less Smee felt cheated and was left nearly penniless with just broken promises.

35. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 27. -ose Full of verb ose oti ose He is very verbose in the way he describes things. "In rural areas, it is not uncommon to find otiose equipment used as lawn ornaments." 28. -red manner, state hat red kind red "I felt the most boiling HATRED I have ever felt.“ Bob and Roy are so similar in character, one could say they are kindred souls.

36. SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USED IN A SENTENCE 29. -stress Female suffix Song stress Classical songstress Lesley Garret will be treating audiences to an intimate evening of entertainment at the Bridgewater Hall on June 15. 30. -ure act of Fract ure Mixt ure If you fall from the roof, you may fracture your skull.

37. for