More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Building english words
Similar to Building english words (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Building english words
- 2. PREFIXES They modify the meaning of the word e.g.: usual - unusual SUFFIXES They modify the grammar structure E.g. music - musical
- 3. DOING THINGS A painter is a person who paints. A teacher is a person who teaches. They both do things The suffix ER • Occupation • Habits or hobbies • Behaviour • Things Verb suffix person 1)Paint Teach Write 2) Smoke gamble Run 3) Talk grumble 4) Boil Dust transmit er 1) Painter Teacher Writer 2)Smoker gambler Runner 3) Talker Grumbler 4) Boiler Duster transmitter
- 4. THE SUFFIX OR with many verbs of Latin origin • People • Collect collector • Direct director • Invent inventor • Act actor • Invest investor • Things • Incubate incubator • Generate generator • Radiate radiator
- 5. DOING THINGS COMPOUND FORMS by inverting the verb and the direct object • He owns land He is a land owner people He grows fruit he is a fruit grower He makes glass he is a glass maker They export cotton they are cotton exporter They produce wine they are wine producer They build ships they are ship builder He sells books he is a book seller
- 6. People and things with er 1. Occupation: school teacher, university teacher, factory worker 2. Habits or hobbies: pipe-smoker, football player,rice-eater birdwatcher, coffee-drinker, music-lover 3. Things: bottle opener, hairdrier, potato-peeler,
- 7. People and things with -or 1. Occupation: newspaper-editor, film director, book distributor, ship inspector 2. Habits or hobbies: stamp-collector, 2. Things: smoke-extractor, coffee-percolator, egg- incubator
- 8. DESCRIBING AND NAMING THINGS -ING • adjective • It is water which is boiling • It is boiling water • E.g. burning house, missing children • Noun • The machine washes clothes • It is a washing machine • E.g. training course, sewing machine Verb Suffix 1adjective 2 noun Teach Paint Write run ing Teaching Painting Writing Running
- 9. Other compound forms • An adverb can be added: hard working man, fast -moving vehicle, low-flying aircraft • The company makes glass • It is a glass-making company • It is a family which grows fruit • It is a fruit- growing family • It is a country which produces sugar • It is a sugar-producing country
- 10. DESCRIBING AND NAMING THINGS -ED • The suffix –ed is added to regular verbs and also to nouns • Verb suffix adjective boil boiled plan planned ed • Noun skill skilled beard bearded
- 11. It shows that something has happened or has been done earlier and the result is a special condition later. • The food has been cooked • The food is now cooked • It is cooked food other examples: grilled steak, sugared coffee, signed letter. 4. Adverbs can be added: well trained men, badly injured soldier
- 12. The –ed adjective is passive it indicates that something has happened or has been done • The mountain is covered with snow • The mountain is snow covered • It is a snow-covered mountain • Other examples: government-owned company, state-supplied goods, London-based company, Harvard-educated student Reflexive compound adjectives: they use the element self He has educated himself, they have trained themselves He is self-educated, self-trained,
- 13. IRREGULAR VERBS USE THEIR OWN SPECIAL PAST FORM • THE ENGINE IS DRIVEN BY STEAM • THE ENGINE IS STEAM DRIVEN • IT IS A STEAM-DRIVEN ENGINE • OTHER EXAMPLES: STAR-LIT NIGHT, GOVERNMENT-RUN BUSINESS,
- 14. -ED ADJECTIVES FORMED FROM NOUNS • He has a beard = he is bearded • The man had boots = he was booted • A skilled worker, a cultured man, an experienced trainer. • The adjective is used with things possessed (clothes, parts of the body, qualities or which relate to other things), • Blue-eyed, red-haired, • Brown-roofed house, green-eyed girl
- 15. THE SUFFIX -ISH • Adjective suffix New adjective green greenish white whitish -ish • Noun fool foolish clown clownish -ish added to an adjective makes the meaning less exact, added to anoun means that a comparison is made, something is like something else He is like a woman = womanish He is like a devil = devilish Also used to indicate nationality: scottish, irish, british
- 16. THE SUFFIX -Y • It forms adjectives from simple nouns. The nouns are things. –y can mean 1. Like = comparison 2. A connection of some kind (covered with) examples: the material is like rubber the material is rubbery it is rubbery material 1. sandy soil, watery soup 2. Grassy field, dusty room, salty meat
- 17. THE SUFFIX -LY • It forms adjectives from nouns which are: 1. Members of the family 2. Certain important members of society 3. A small number of special places and events Examples: she behaves like a queen She is queenly 1. Fatherly, brotherly 2. Princely, kingly 3. Heavenly, lonely, lovely, earthly, deathly
- 18. Using –Able and other elements • Able has the same meaning as the adjective “able” or the verb “can” • Verb Able Adjective • Break Breakable • Eat Eatable • Define Definable • Adjectives taken from Latin • Crime (culp) culpable • Remember(memor) memorable • Last(dur) durable
- 19. IBLE • Some english words of Latin origin combine with the spelling –ible. • Digest digestible • Convert convertible • Corrupt corruptible • Academic meanings • Eat eatable edible • Believe believable credible • Reach reachable accessible
- 20. WORTHY • It is used as the second part of a compound, the 1° part is a noun. • He is worth of blame blameworthy • Praise praiseworthy • Trust trustworthy
- 21. PROOF • The whole compound is an adjective that means able to resist. • This cloth is able to resist rain = rainproof • Wind windproof • Rust rustproof • Sound soundproof
- 22. THE ELEMENTS –FUL AND -LESS In many cases they can be added to the same noun. Use useful useless Meaning meaningful meaningless Colour colourful colourless Power powerful powerless
- 23. -EN –IFY - IZE • These suffixes form verbs and usually mean “become” or “make things happen”. • Black blacken • Hard harden • White whiten • Class classify • Code codify • Pure purify • Atom atomize • Summary summarize • Popular popularize
- 24. • From these verbs iit is possible to make nouns relating to people and things • Hard harden hardener • Class classify classifier • Pure purify purifier • Fertile fertilize fertilizer • Sterile sterilize sterilizer
- 25. USING NEGATIVE PREFIXES -UN –IN –NON –DIS -MIS • Kind unkind • Friendly unfriendly • Equal unequal • Breakable unbreakable • Economic uneconomic • Natural unnatural • Usual unusual • Cooked uncooked • Sugared unsugared
- 26. • For many adjectives of latin origin –in is used • Secure insecure • Formal informal • Complete incomplete • -in may alter in this ways: in+l=ill(illogical), in+m=imm(immodest), in+p=imp(impossible), in+r=irr(irregular).
- 27. Un+able, in+ible • Words in –able usually take –un, while words in –ible take –in. • Unbreakable • Unreadable • Indigistible • intolerable
- 28. -DIS • It is usually added to verbs. It means opposite feelings or opposite action. • Agree disagree • Approve disapprove • Please displease • Some adjectives and nouns take –dis when forming their opposites • Corteous discorteous • Loyal disloyal • Honest dishonest
- 29. -mis • This prefix is added to verbs of skill, with the meaning “badly”, “wrongly” or “incorrectly”. • Judge misjudge • Pronounce mispronounce • Interpret misinterpret • Use misuse
- 30. USING POSITIVE PREFIXES • The prefix –re which means “again” or “for a second time”. It means also “in a different way”. Usually written with a hyphen when added to verbs. • Test re-test • Checked re-checked • Elect re-elect • It often suggests an improvement • Invest re-invest • Design re-design
- 31. PRE AND POST • They mean “before” and “after” and usually form adjectives. • Pre-war post-war • Pre-roman post-roman • The prefix pre alone, used with verbs means “in advance” before the usual time • Pre-packed food • Pre-arranged meeting
- 32. THE PREFIXES PRO AND ANTI • They mean “for” and “against”, generally form adjectives. • Pro-war, anti-war • Pro-government anti-government
- 33. The prefixes UNDER and OVER • They mean too little and too much. • Use underuse overuse • Tax undertax overtax • Feed underfeed overfeed