This document discusses the adverse effects of nano-materials on the environment. It introduces nano-particles as materials between 1 and 100 nm in at least two dimensions. Nano-particles can enter ecosystems from both natural and human sources. The document then examines the biological and environmental toxicity of nano-materials. Biologically, nano-structures can enter the body through various routes and potentially accumulate in organs. Environmentally, the release of nano-particles into water, soil and air through various industrial and waste processes poses risks that are still being investigated. More research is still needed to understand the impacts of nano-materials on freshwater, marine and soil ecosystems and organisms. Standardized testing protocols also need improvement to properly assess nano-material toxicity