http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps/resources/webinars/en/ The webinar aims to give an insight on climate change adaptation in the agriculture sectors (crops and livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquacultures) and provide guidance on how to address agriculture in the formulation and implementation of NAPs. The webinar will also be the opportunity to highlight key details from FAO’s newest publication Addressing agriculture, forestry and fisheries in National Adaptation Plans – Supplementary Guidelines. © FAO: http://www.fao.org

1. Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans
CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION AND KEY
ISSUES IN THE LIVESTOCK
SECTOR
Anne Mottet & Félix Teillard
Animal Production and Health Division, FAO

2. Laying the groundwork and addressing gaps
- Institutional arrangements : Ministries of Agriculture/Livestock and Environment
(Natural risks when exists) + Academia (e.g. centers for climate research) + private
sector is minimum.
■ Should be a consultative process
- Information and advice for adaptation should be provided by governments but
also climate services, veterinary services, local administration and civil society (e.g.
pastoralists)
■ With support of international organizations

3. Preparatory elements
• What are the climate scenarios at global level?
• What are the likely impacts and risks for livestock?
• Which regions are most exposed?
• What are the adaptation options ?

4. Extreme drought events in the future
(IPCC, Special Report
on Extreme Events,
2011)
Consecutive dry days Low soil moisture

5. DRYING HOT SPOTS BY 2080-2100 IN GLOBAL
LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS

6. Direct & indirect impacts of climate
change on livestock
■ Direct
– Extreme climatic events
– Droughts and floods
– Thermal stress and reduced yields
– Water availability
■ Indirect (agro-ecological and ecosystem changes)
– Productivity and quality of forrages
– Diseases (affected areas and livestock vulnerability)
“Little is known on livestock under climate
constraint and its adaptation capacity”
IPCC Working Group 2, 2014

7. Exposure
■ Duration
■ Frequency
■ Severity
■ Location of stock
■ Location of relevant
assets (feedstock,
housing, water points
etc.)
■ Breed
■ Housing system
■ Feeding system
■ Animal health risk
(vaccination rate, ext. or vet.
services access to animals.)
■ Value to household
(livelihoods, food security
etc.)
Sensitivity

8. Stressors creating vulnerability
■ Especially in semi-arid and arid regions
■ Rangeland degradation
■ Increased variability in access to water
■ Fragmentation of grazing area
■ Changes in land tenure
■ Conflicts and insecure access to land
■ Market shocks

9. Options and levels of adaptation
■ Practice change
– Calendars for animal feed production, animal health, water
management etc.
– Disease control
■ 2. System change
– Species
– Feed
– Irrigation
– Diversification
■ 3. Insurance, off-farm employement (household level)
■ 4. Production zoning, markets, reconversion (regional/national level)
 Different stakeholders

11. Attenuation of the effect of climate
variability
De Haan, 2016. Prospects for Livestock-Based Livelihoods in Africa's Drylands
FAO, 2016. Climate change and food security: risks and responses

12. Example: Kenya
Drought 2008-2011: livestock most impacted sector (loss of USD 87.43 billion followed
by crops USD 1.51 billion)
Key actions for livestock in NAP:
- Mainstream adaptation in developing plan at county level
- Build capacity about CC adaptation in public institutions
- Mainstream adaptation in land reforms (e.g. integrate climate scenario in land-use
planning)
- Enhance the resilience if livestock value chains (e.g: Risk Insurance, Index Based
Livestock and Crop Insurance, Support to improve pastoralists livelihood project, Dairy
NAMA, Regional Pastoral Resilience Project…)

13. Change in probability of choosing sheep
production
Source: Seo and Mendelsohn, 2007,
“ The Impact of Climate Change on
Livestock Management in Africa: A
Structural Ricardian Analysis,” Policy
Research Working Paper 4279,
World Bank, Washington, DC

14. Using grass-legume mixtures for drought
resistance
■ ‘Win-win’ option for adaptation and mitigation
■ Legumes favoured by atmospheric CO2 rise (e.g. Teyssonneyre et al., 2002)
Hofer et al., Journal of
Applied Ecology 2016

15. Remote sensing, drought monitoring
■ Rapid developments in satellite imagery, e.g.:
– Soil moisture (microwave, SMOS)
– Leaf area index and drought (Sentinel 2.0), global cover, 10 days
return time, ca. 20 m resolution
– Infrared imaging of drought (Thirsty project, ESA & NASA)
■ Pasture monitoring for seasonal adjustments of
stocking density & mobility
Soussana, 2014, AnimalChange
Sentinel 2.0 satellite

16. Towards adaptation cost curves
Flood control
1
0
3
5
Measures below this line
have net economic benefits
Cost/benefit ratio
Shifting to irrigation
Agroforestry
Potential for adaptation
Disease
surveillance
Genomic selection
(Dominic Moran, SRUC)

17. Conclusions: livestock is critical in NAP
92 countries identify livestock as priority in INDCs, 61 for adaptation
•Livestock are well adapted to different climates and are an asset for households to
build resilience to climate change
•Livestock keepers are among the most vulnerable (~800 million) and climate
change threatens productivity and sustainability
•Adaptation options are available. NAP need integrative approach (crop-livestock,
agroforestry, silvopastoralism etc.) including at institutional level (align policies and
work in ministries)
•Critical additional efforts needed for including pastures and rangelands, both for
impact assessment and adaptation planning: restoration, biomass
productivity/accessibility for livestock

18. fao.org/in-action/naps | adaptation-undp.org/naps-agriculture | international-climate-initiative.com
Thank You