The document discusses the philosophical, sociological, and psychological foundations of curriculum development. It addresses four major philosophical positions that have influenced curriculum - idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism. It also examines learning theories from a behavioral, cognitive, and phenomenological perspective and how they contribute to curriculum. Finally, it outlines the sociological foundation for curriculum, including how social issues and the transmission of culture from groups and institutions should be considered in curriculum making.

1. the philosophical
sociological
psychological of
curriculum
development

2. Hello!
AnaLuz A. Fuentebella
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
(ADAPTATION AND MODIFICATION IN SPECIAL EDUCATION)
MAED MA SPED
MASE 403A
DR. AIDA S. DAMIAN Ed D
University of Perpetual Help System DALTA in
Las Piñas
2

3. A study evaluated the role of three
curriculum foundational areas--
philosophical, sociological, and
psychological--with particular
emphasis on the philosophical basis
for curriculum planning. Impressions
on curriculum were gained from the
literature and from practitioners.

4. 4
A comprehensive view of the curriculum requires a
consideration of the nature and needs of
the individual, the aspirations and requirements of society, and
the process by which the
individual incorporates experience. As the study on curriculum
is very wide, the audience
chosen should be from all walks of life. Important to the
discussion are four foundations of
curriculum philosophical, historical psychological and social
impacting education in our past and present day educational
system. Each of the four major foundations has played a
significant role in curriculum development, instructional
practices and curriculum development

5. PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS
Based upon fundamental beliefs that
arise from one's philosophy of
Education, curricular decisions
involve consideration of several
topics and issues. Precisely for this
reason, we consider philosophy one
of the major foundation areas in
curriculum In this section, we shall
explore several different
philosophies of education that
influence curricular decisions.
5

6. Studying philosophy helps us deal with our own personal systems of beliefs and values
the way we perceive the world around us and how we define what is important to us. A
philosophical issues have always influenced society and institutions of learning, a
study of the philosophy of education in terms of Curriculum development is essential.
In essence, a philosophy of education influences, and to a large extent determines, our
educational decisions and alternatives. Those who are responsible for curricular
decisions, therefore, should be clear about what they believe. If we are unclear or
confused about our own beliefs, then our curricular plans are bound to be unclear and
confusing. One important step in developing a personal philosophy of education is to
understand the various alternatives that others have developed over the years. Here
we shall look into the following four major philosophical positions that have, hitherto,
influenced
6

7. i) Idealism
ii) Realism
v) Pragmatism
i) Existentialism
four major philosophical positions
7

8. 8
Idealism
The doctrine of idealism suggests that matter is
an illusion and that realty is that which exists
mentally. It emphasizes moral and spiritual
reality as the chief explanation of the world and
considers moral values absolute, timeless and
universal.

9. 9
Realism
What kind of philosophy will that be? Realists consider
Education a matter of reality rather than speculation.
Application, The paramount responsibility of the teacher,
then, is to impart to learners the knowledge about the
world they live in. What scholars of various disciplines
have discovered about the world constitutes this
knowledge.

10. 10
existentialism
Focuses on individual not a logical theory but one
can be felt as an attitude or mood, Awareness,
anxiety, choice take on special meaning, revolt
against the traditional philosophical stance, Away of
life which involves one’s total self in complete
seriousness about the self.

11. 11
Pragmatism
To consider, therefore, what is changeless (idealism)
and inherited the perceived universe (rea1ism) and to
discard social and/or perceptual change is
detrimental to the overall development and growth of
children. You can now visualize how pragmatism
would have influenced the framing of curriculum.

12. 12PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
By providing a basis for understanding the teaching/learning process,
educational
psychology deals with how people learn. By implication, it emphasizes
the need to recognize diversity among learners. However, it is also true
that people share certain common characteristics. Among these are
basic psychological needs which are necessary for individuals to lead
a full and happy life. In this section, we shall be talking about the
major learning theories and their contribution to curriculum
development. Besides, we shall touch upon the basic psychological
needs of individuals and reflect on their translation into curriculum.
we shall at this juncture remind ourselves that our m thrust w be on the
contributions made by the theories of learning for curriculum
development

13. 13Let us therefore make it clear that we are not, right now, interested in
studying the theories of learning in detail, which has already been
done to some extent in earlier courses on distance education.
Learning theories and curriculum For the sake of convenience we
have classified the major theories of learning into the
following groups
i)Behaviorist theories which deal with various aspects of stimulus
response and reinforcement scheme.
ii) Cognitve theories which view the learner in relationship with the
total environment;
iii) Phenomenology which emphasize s the affective domain of
learning. Let us take up each of them in the given order and examine
its contribution to curriculum development

14. 14
Sociological Curriculum
It studies human behavior in groups social
structure and social phenomena different forms
of human interrelations - Latin “Socius” - “social
or being with others” - and the Greek “logos” -
“study” Therefore, the term “Sociology” basically
means the “study of social beings”.

15. 15
The Sociological Foundation
Issues from society including groups and institutions in
the culture and their contribution to education - refers to
issues from society that have an influence on curriculum.
There are many aspects of the society that need
consideration in curriculum making. These include:
Changes occurring in societal structures;
Transmission of culture;
social problems as issues for Curriculum and
Economics issues.

16. Maps
our office
16

17. 17