This document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids and bases according to Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry theories. Acids are classified as organic or inorganic, with examples of common organic acids provided. Bases are classified as water-soluble alkalies or water-insoluble. Salts are formed through neutralization reactions between acids and bases. Different types of salts are described such as normal, acid, base, double, mixed, and complex salts. Factors affecting solubility of salts are also outlined.

1. Acid BASE
And
Salts
Presents by
Damodar Academy

2. IONISABLE COMPOUND
NaCl Water
Na
(cation)
Cl
(anion)

3. NON IONISABLE COMPOUND
GLUCOSE WATER
NOT
DISSOCIATE

4. WHAT IS ACID?
ARRHENIOUS THEORY
– ARRHENIOUS ACID
– when dissolve in water dissociates to give H(Cation)
– Eg HCl
ARRHENIOUS BASE
– When dissolve in water dissociates to give Oh(anion)
– Eg NaOh , KOh

5. BRANSTED LOWRY THEORY
– BRANSTED LOWERY ACID
– Is an H(CATION) ion donor
– eg HCl
– BRANSTED LOWERY BASE
– Is an H(anion) ion acceptor
– eg NH3

6. TYPES OF ACID
NOTE-ORGANIC ACID IS WEAK IN NATURE ,THAT MEANS IT PRODUCE LESS H+
IONS
1.ORGANIC ACID
•1.LACTIC ACID
2.ACETIC ACID
•3.CITRIC ACID
•4.OXALIC ACID
•5.MALIC ACID
•6.TARTARIC ACID
•7.FORMIC ACID

7. Source of some organic acid
NAME SOURCE FORMULA
LACTIC ACID SOUR MILK C2H4OHCOOH
FORMIC/METHANOIC ACID ANT VENOM HCO2H
ACETIC ACID VINEGAR CH3COOH
CITRIC ACID LEMON,ORANGE C6H8O7
OXALIC ACID RHUBARB,SPINACH H2C2O4
BUTYRIC ACID MILK, BUTTER CH3CH2CH2-COOH
LAURIC ACID COCONUT OIL CH3(CH2)10-COOH
MALIC ACID SOUR APPLES,SOUR GRAPES HO2CCH2CHOHCO2H
TARTARIC ACID TAMARINDS, PINEAPPLES C4H6O6

8. TYPE OF ACID
2.INORGANIC ACID
1.Hydrochloric
2.Nitric acid
3.Boric acid
4.Sulfuric acid

9. PHYSICAL TEST OF ACID
1.
2. LITMUS
ACID
BASE
TASTE
SOUR
PURPLE
(NEUTRAL)
BLUE
RED

10. PHYSICAL TEST OF ACID
– MYTHYLE ORANGE
–
– ACID
–
– BASE
ORANGE
(NEUTRAL)
RED
YELLOW

11. PHYSICAL TEST OS ACID
– PHENOLPHTHALEIN
ACID
–
BASE
V I B G Y O R
BASE NETURAL ACID
COLOURLESS
(NEUTRAL)
COLOURLESS
PINK

12. BASICITY OF ACID
– NUMBER OF IONISABLE H+ IONS ,ONE MOLECULES OF ACID CONTAINS
EG
HCL H+ (MONOBASE)
H2 SO4 2H+ (DIBASE)

13. TYPES OF BASE
– 1. WATER SOLUBLE BASE
– WATER SOLUBLE BASE IS CALLED ALKALIE
EG NaOH,Na2 O, KOH, NH4 OH
- 2.WATER INSOLUBLE BASE
EG ZnO2, Mg(OH)2 , Fe(OH)2
– NOTE-ALL BASE ARE NOTE ALAKALI BUT ALL ALKALI ARE BASE
– ALKALI ARE STRONG BASE
– NOTE-NH4 OH IS SOLUBLE IN WATER BUT WEAK BASE

14. SALTS
– SALTS IS IONIC COMPOUND
– IN SOLUTION SALT GIVES CATION AND ANIONS (ATLEAST ONE CATIONS OTHER
THAN H+ AND OH-)
– Na+ AND Cl- IS OTHER THAN H+
– AND OH-NaCl
Na+
Cl-

15. TYPES OF SALT
1. NORMAL SALT
– FORMED AFTER COMPLETE REPLACEMENT OF H+ IONS
ACID + BASE SALT + WATER
H2 SO4 + 2NaOH Na2 SO4 + H2 O
2. ACID SALT
FORMED BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF H+ IONS
EG H2 SO4 +_KOH KHSO4 +H2 O

16. TYPES OF SALT
3.BASE SALT
FORMED BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF OH- IONS
EG Pb(OH)2 + HCl Pb(OH)Cl +H2O
4. DOUBLE SALT
TWO SALT COMBINED TOGETHER
EG CaCo3.MgCO3 (DOLOMITE)
FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O (MOHR SALT)
K2SO4.Al(SO4)3.24H2O (ALUM)

17. TYPES OF SALT
5. MIXED SALT
TWO CATION OR TWO ANION COMBINED TO FORM MIXED SALT
EG
BLEACHING POWDER
6.COMPLEX SALT

18. SOLABILITY
1. ALL SALTS OF Na, K, NH4 ARE SOLUBALE
EG NaCl ,NH4Cl
2. ALL CHLORIDES ARE SOLUBALE
EG ZnCl2, CaCl2
EXCEPT LEAD CHLORIDE ,AgCl2 ,
3. ALL SULPHATES ARE SOLUBLE
FeSO4 , CaSO4
4. ALL NITRATES ARE SOLUBLE
5. ALL CARBONATES ,BICARBONATES , SULPHIDE , ARE INSOLUNLE
EXCEPT K2CO3

19. SUBSCRIBE OUR YOUTUBE
DAMODAR ACADEMY BARAHI
OFFICIAL YOUTUBE CHANNEL
– PREPARED BY Er. N K MISHRA
– THANKS FOR WATCHING