1. The document describes several chemical reactions through equations. It introduces reactants and products for reactions such as HCl + NaOH yielding NaCl + H2O.
2. Tables show data for the reaction of Mg and HCl over time, indicating the reaction is exothermic as heat is produced.
3. Different types of chemical reactions are defined such as exothermic, endothermic, and catalytic reactions which speed up reaction rates.
1. The document describes several chemical reactions through equations. It introduces reactants and products for reactions such as HCl + NaOH yielding NaCl + H2O.
2. Tables show data for the reaction of Mg and HCl over time, indicating the reaction is exothermic as heat is produced.
3. Different types of chemical reactions are defined such as exothermic, endothermic, and catalytic reactions which speed up reaction rates.
1. Joseph Proust, a French scientist, discovered the Law of Constant Proportions through experiments on chemical reactions forming compounds. He found that the mass ratios of elements in a compound are always fixed, regardless of preparation method.
2. Experiments reacting copper and sulfur in different ratios showed that the average mass ratio of Cu to S was 2:1. Calculations determining the molar ratios also gave a ratio of 1:1, confirming the law.
3. Further experiments and calculations on copper(II) oxide supported that its composition follows the law, with the molar ratio of Cu to O always being 1:1.
1. The document provides the structural formulas for numerous organic compounds including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, haloalkanes, and cycloalkanes.
2. Problems are presented asking the reader to write structural formulas, line formulas, IUPAC names, and calculate molar masses for various organic substances.
3. Standard conditions of temperature and pressure are referenced along with common reagents like chlorine and bromine.
1. Joseph Proust, a French scientist, discovered the Law of Constant Proportions through experiments on chemical reactions forming compounds. He found that the mass ratios of elements in a compound are always fixed, regardless of preparation method.
2. Experiments reacting copper and sulfur in different ratios showed that the average mass ratio of Cu to S was 2:1. Calculations determining the molar ratios also gave a ratio of 1:1, confirming the law.
3. Further experiments and calculations on copper(II) oxide supported that its composition follows the law, with the molar ratio of Cu to O always being 1:1.
1. The document provides the structural formulas for numerous organic compounds including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, haloalkanes, and cycloalkanes.
2. Problems are presented asking the reader to write structural formulas, line formulas, IUPAC names, and calculate molar masses for various organic substances.
3. Standard conditions of temperature and pressure are referenced along with common reagents like chlorine and bromine.
27. ร้อยละการแตกตัวของกรดและเบส
ร้อยละการแตกตัวของกรด= x 100
ร้อยละการแตกตัวของเบส= x 100
ตัวอย่าง สารละลายกรด HA เข้มข้น 0.2 M แตกตัวได้ 0.05 M
จงคำานวณหาร้อยละการแตกตัวของกรดนี้
ร้อยละการแตกตัวของกรดHA = x 100 = 25%
จำานวนโมลของกรดที่แตกตัว
จำานวนโมลของกรดทั้งหมด
จำานวนโมลของเบสที่แตกตัว
จำานวนโมลของเบสทั้งหมด
0.05
0.2