Accreditation
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Accreditation is an ongoing evaluation process where educational institutions meet predetermined standards set by accrediting agencies. It serves several purposes, including maintaining adequate admission requirements, minimum academic standards, and stimulating institutional self-improvement. There are different types of accrediting bodies, including regional, state, national, and professional agencies in India such as UGC, AICTE, NAAC, MCI, and INC. Accreditation involves periodic inspections to ensure standards continue to be met.
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- Regulatory bodies for nursing in India exist at international, national, state, and local levels to establish standards for nursing education and training.
- The key national regulatory body is the Indian Nursing Council, which was established in 1947 to set uniform standards for nursing across India.
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This document discusses continuing education for nurses. It defines continuing education as learning opportunities taken after formal education. The aims of continuing education include improving professional practice and keeping nurses updated on new technologies. It is needed due to changing healthcare systems and for career development. Types of continuing education include seminars, workshops, and online courses. The importance is preparing nurses for changes in healthcare and allowing career advancement. National policies aim to promote continuing education through various programs and media.
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This document discusses performance appraisal in nursing education. It defines performance appraisal as evaluating employee performance, sharing that information with employees, and finding ways to improve. Performance appraisal purposes from the employee perspective are to understand expectations, receive feedback on performance, improve, and receive rewards. From the organization's perspective, purposes are to review past performance, determine competence, identify strengths/weaknesses, provide feedback, select staff for advancement, and reduce grievances. Methods of appraisal include reports, notes, checklists, rating scales, ranking, and management by objective. Factors considered in nursing education appraisals include classroom management, updating knowledge, relationships, self-discipline, participation in other activities, and managerial ability. Potential
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The document discusses various methods of evaluating nursing services including self-evaluation, peer evaluation, patient satisfaction, utilization review, and their application to nursing. It provides details on the purposes, benefits, tools and processes for self-evaluation and peer evaluation. It also outlines components and methods for evaluating patient satisfaction and the aims of utilization review. Evaluation is described as important for improving nursing services and ensuring appropriate and efficient care.
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Here's the webinar – “Quality, Accreditations & Beyond – Winds of Change - Session 2” hosted by QurHealth, a division of GMI, a Chennai-based Health-tech, Research and Innovation Center for Ventech Solutions, USA. QurHealth’s Family health book suite goFHB is a clinical data digitalization & management solution for healthcare organizations providing the ability to send patient health records over myFHB application to their patients.
Guidebook hope
This document provides information about the Entry Level Certification program offered by the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH) in India. It outlines the registration, assessment, and certification process for the program. The key steps include registering on the online portal HOPE, completing documentation requirements, undergoing a desktop assessment, paying certification fees, participating in an on-site assessment if needed, and potentially receiving entry level certification if standards are met. The goal of the program is to help healthcare organizations improve quality and safety standards as an initial step towards full NABH accreditation.
HEC quality and quality assurance by khalida
The document discusses quality assurance in higher education in Pakistan. It outlines that the Higher Education Commission (HEC) is responsible for improving and promoting higher education, research, and development. HEC established the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) and Quality Enhancement Cells (QECs) at universities to develop and implement quality assurance mechanisms, including accreditation councils and standards. The goal is to enhance quality output and ensure national and international compatibility of Pakistan's higher education system.
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Primary health centre
Primary health centers are the corner stone of rural health services .
It act as a referral unit for 6 sub centers and refer out cases to CHCs.
It covers a population of 30,000 in plain area and 20,000 in hilly and tribal area.
There are 4-6 beds for patients and some diagnostic facilities are also available.
Noise
The present generation and coming generation have to solve three grave problems namely population, poverty and pollution.
Pollution is the most dangerous problem and Noise pollution is the one of them.
The Noise Pollution is a type of energy pollution in which distracting, irritating, or damaging sounds are freely audible.
Housing
A poor housing condition favors disease occurrence and reduce the productivity.
Most communicable diseases are found among people living in poor housing condition.
Home visit & bag technique
A home visit is one of the essential parts of the community health services because most of the people are found in a home.
Home visit fulfils the needs of individual, family and community in general for nursing service and health counseling.
Family Health Nursing
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
Environment: light
This document discusses light and its properties, measurement, sources, and effects. It covers various types of artificial lighting like tungsten, halogen, fluorescent, and high density discharge lamps. Tungsten lighting uses a heated filament and is cheap but not suitable for large areas. Halogen bulbs have longer life and are brighter but more expensive. Fluorescent tubes provide cheaper and longer lasting light but require complex connections. High density discharge lamps are very bright but expensive and can cause glare. LEDs are most efficient but also expensive.
Environment: air
Air to be one of four elementary substances along with Earth, Fire and Water. Air is viewed as fundamental component of universe.
Environment: water
This document discusses various sources of water and methods of water purification. It describes the three main sources of water as rain, surface water, and ground water. Surface water sources include rivers, reservoirs, lakes and seas. Ground water sources include shallow wells, deep wells, and springs. The document then discusses various methods used to purify water, including storage, filtration, and disinfection. It provides details on storage, slow sand filtration, and rapid sand filtration as common purification techniques.
Disposal of solid waste
Sanitation means hygiene.
Keeping environmental clean and adopting hygienic practices can prevent us from many diseases.
Health is promoted through preventing harmful contact that can cause hazards to human being.
Disposal of excreta
Waste matter discharged from the body, especially feces and urine.
Human waste (Human excreta) refers to the waste products of the human digestive system and the human metabolism, namely feces and urine.
Communication: Infrasructure facility
Communication is very essential for human survival.
The only verbal communication is not important.
A country can enhance peoples health, relationship within and out of country by possessing effective infrastructure.
Concept of Health
Health is a common theme in most cultures.
"absence of disease“
In some cultures, health and harmony are considered equivalent. (Peace)
Modern Medicine focused on study of Disease and neglect study of health.
"Health for All"
Introduction to Community Health Nursing
Community Health is a identification of needs and the protection and improvement of collective health within the geographic defined area.
Record and Report
Record and Report in Nursing, Principles of Record and Report, Types of Record and Report, Filling of Record, Value and Uses of Record and Report, Guideline for Documentation,
Promotion
This document defines promotion as the upward movement or advancement of an employee within an organization. It discusses various types of promotion including horizontal, vertical, and dry promotion. The purpose of promotion is to recognize and reward employee skills, motivate higher productivity, develop competitive spirit, promote employee satisfaction, build loyalty, and retain talented individuals. Characteristics of effective promotion include providing equal opportunities, being uniformly applied, being fair and impartial, having clearly specified criteria, and being made on a trial basis. Promotion decisions can be based on factors like seniority, performance, qualifications, potential, career plans, vacancies, and training.
Selection, Placement, Training and Orientation
This document discusses various human resource management concepts related to staffing including recruitment, selection, placement, training, and orientation. It provides definitions and explanations of each concept. For selection, it outlines the selection process and its advantages such as being cost-effective and helping to eliminate biased candidates. Training is defined as developing employees' hidden talents and skills to enhance performance, and its objectives and characteristics are described. Orientation involves acquainting new employees with the work environment.
Recruitment
Recruitment in Nursing, Purpose of Recruitment, Types of Recruitment, Recruitment Policy, Principles of Recruitment and methods of recruitment
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Supervision
1. Supervision involves overseeing employees' work to ensure it is done correctly and safely. It includes guiding, training, and evaluating subordinates.
2. There are two main types of supervision: direct supervision which involves face-to-face oversight, and indirect supervision which relies on records and reports.
3. The objectives of supervision are to help staff improve their skills and performance, develop individual abilities, and promote teamwork and cost-effectiveness. Supervisors evaluate employees and provide feedback to correct and improve their work.
Material management
This document defines material management as planning, organizing, and controlling aspects involved in ensuring the availability of necessary materials, supplies, drugs, and equipment as needed. The purpose of material management is to provide the right materials in the required quantity and quality when required, cut costs through standardization, develop healthcare knowledge and skills, and increase healthcare system efficiency. Nurses play an important role in material management by ensuring adequate supplies, monitoring quality and safety, maintaining inventory and emergency stocks, and participating in policymaking and evaluation.
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Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
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Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
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Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Accreditation
- 2. ACCREDITATION Dr. Rahul B. Pandit Faculty of Nursing Sassoon General Hospital, Pune
- 3. Introduction Accreditation is very important for educational Institute It is ongoing evaluation process Accredited institutions are responsible for development and maintenance of academic standard and quality of education.
- 4. Definition Accreditation is the process in which certification of competency, authority, or credibility is presented. Accreditation is the process meeting predetermined qualifications and standard by agencies.
- 5. Purpose 1. Maintenance of adequate admission requirement. 2. Maintenance of minimum academic standard. 3. Stimulation of institutional self improvement. 4. Protection of institutions against educationally and socially harmful pressures.
- 6. Types 1. Regional accreditation agencies 2. State accreditation agencies 3. National Professional accreditation agencies
- 7. Accreditation Agencies in India 1. Central Advisory Board of Education. (CABE) 2. All India Council for Elementary Education (AICEE) 3. All India Council for Secondary Education (AICSE) 4. University Grant Commission (UGC) 5. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) 6. National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)
- 8. Professional Accreditation Agencies in India 1. Medical Council of India (MCI) 2. Indian Nursing Council (INC) 3. Dental Council of India (DCI) 4. Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
- 9. Accreditation by Inspection 1. Periodic Inspection 2. Re Inspection 3. Enhancement Inspection
- 10. nnn