Both the liver and the pancreas are considered digestive helpers.
Other than their roles in digestion, they also have other functions.
Accessory digestive organ: An organ that helps with digestion but is not part of the digestive tract. The accessory digestive organs are the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
THIS PRESENTATION INCLUDES DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT ACCESSORY ORGANS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM..i,e TEETH, TONGUE, SALIVARY GLANDS, PANCREAS, LIVER AND GALL BLADDER
Human kidney,structure and functions of kidneyAnand P P
human kidney structural and functions.different types of structural components present in kidney and each structure having definite functions.structural and functional aspects of kidney.
THIS PRESENTATION INCLUDES DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT ACCESSORY ORGANS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM..i,e TEETH, TONGUE, SALIVARY GLANDS, PANCREAS, LIVER AND GALL BLADDER
Human kidney,structure and functions of kidneyAnand P P
human kidney structural and functions.different types of structural components present in kidney and each structure having definite functions.structural and functional aspects of kidney.
This is not a substitute for Books. Let it just help you understand some concepts in liver anatomy.
Continuation of this work will depend on your feedback. Stay Blessed.
Human digestive system structure and function
overview
Major organs
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
small intestine
large intestine
Acessory organs:
Liver
gall bladder
Pancreas.
Human digestive system
Major organs
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
small intestine
large intestine.
Acessory organs:
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas.
MAJOR ORGANSThe Mouth
pH: 7
The first part of the digestive system
the entry point of food.
Structures in the mouth that aids digestion
Teeth – cut, tear, crush and grind food.
Salivary glands – produce and secrete saliva into the oral cavity.
saliva
moistens the food
contains enzymes (ptyalin or salivary amylase)
begins digestion of starch into smaller polysaccharides.
Function:
Mechanical digestion.
increasing surface area for faster chemical digestion.
The Esophagus
a tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
running through the Thoracic cavity.
Location:
lies behind windpipe (Trachea).
The trachea has as an epiglottis
preventing food from entering the windpipe,
moving the food to the esophagus while swallowing.
Food travels down the esophagus, through a series of involuntary rhythmic contractions (wave-like) called peristalsis.
Function:
The lining of the esophagus secretes mucus
lubricating
to support the movement of food.
Esophageal sphincter:
bolus reaches the stomach
must pass through a muscular ringed valve called the esophageal sphincter (Cardiac Sphincter).
Function:
prevent stomach acids from back flowing into the esophagus.
Stomach
J-shaped muscular sac
Has inner folds (rugae)
Increasing surface area of the stomach.
Function:
Stomach performs mechanical digestion
HOW By churning the bolus and mixing it with the gastric juices
secreted by the lining of the stomach.
GASTRIC JUICES HCl, salts, enzymes, water and mucus)
HCL helps break down of food and kills bacteria that came along with the food.
The bolus is now called Chyme.
Enzymes in stomach:
Acidic environment
HCl secreation
kill any microbes that are found in the bolus,
creating a pH of 2.
Mucus prevents the stomach from digesting itself.
Pepsin secreation
responsible for initiating the breakdown of proteins (in )food.
hydrolyzes proteins to yield polypeptides.
pH is 2, the enzyme from the salivary glands stops breaking down carbohydrates.
Pyloric sphincter:
chyme moves from the stomach to the small intestine.
It passes through a muscular ringed sphincter called the pyloric sphincter.
stomach does not digest itselfWhy ?
Protective Mechanism:
three protective mechanisms.
First the stomach only secretes small amounts of gastric juices until food is present.
Second the secretion of mucus coats the lining of the stomach protecting it from the gastric juices.
The third mechanism is the digestive enzyme pepsin is secreted in an inactive protein c
Grade 7 chapter1 lesson1 - the digestive systemLermaPendon1
Lesson 2 The Digestive system
-Functions of Digestive system
-Digestion
-Types of Digestion
-Enzymes
-The role of Enzymes in Digestion
-Organs of Digestive system
-The Mouth
-the Esophagus
-Peristalsis
-The Stomach
-Chyme
-the Small Intestine
-Villi
-the Large intestine
-Bacteria and Digestion
-the Digestive system and Homeostasis
-Common Ailments and Disorders of the Digestive system
This is not a substitute for Books. Let it just help you understand some concepts in liver anatomy.
Continuation of this work will depend on your feedback. Stay Blessed.
Human digestive system structure and function
overview
Major organs
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
small intestine
large intestine
Acessory organs:
Liver
gall bladder
Pancreas.
Human digestive system
Major organs
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
small intestine
large intestine.
Acessory organs:
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas.
MAJOR ORGANSThe Mouth
pH: 7
The first part of the digestive system
the entry point of food.
Structures in the mouth that aids digestion
Teeth – cut, tear, crush and grind food.
Salivary glands – produce and secrete saliva into the oral cavity.
saliva
moistens the food
contains enzymes (ptyalin or salivary amylase)
begins digestion of starch into smaller polysaccharides.
Function:
Mechanical digestion.
increasing surface area for faster chemical digestion.
The Esophagus
a tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
running through the Thoracic cavity.
Location:
lies behind windpipe (Trachea).
The trachea has as an epiglottis
preventing food from entering the windpipe,
moving the food to the esophagus while swallowing.
Food travels down the esophagus, through a series of involuntary rhythmic contractions (wave-like) called peristalsis.
Function:
The lining of the esophagus secretes mucus
lubricating
to support the movement of food.
Esophageal sphincter:
bolus reaches the stomach
must pass through a muscular ringed valve called the esophageal sphincter (Cardiac Sphincter).
Function:
prevent stomach acids from back flowing into the esophagus.
Stomach
J-shaped muscular sac
Has inner folds (rugae)
Increasing surface area of the stomach.
Function:
Stomach performs mechanical digestion
HOW By churning the bolus and mixing it with the gastric juices
secreted by the lining of the stomach.
GASTRIC JUICES HCl, salts, enzymes, water and mucus)
HCL helps break down of food and kills bacteria that came along with the food.
The bolus is now called Chyme.
Enzymes in stomach:
Acidic environment
HCl secreation
kill any microbes that are found in the bolus,
creating a pH of 2.
Mucus prevents the stomach from digesting itself.
Pepsin secreation
responsible for initiating the breakdown of proteins (in )food.
hydrolyzes proteins to yield polypeptides.
pH is 2, the enzyme from the salivary glands stops breaking down carbohydrates.
Pyloric sphincter:
chyme moves from the stomach to the small intestine.
It passes through a muscular ringed sphincter called the pyloric sphincter.
stomach does not digest itselfWhy ?
Protective Mechanism:
three protective mechanisms.
First the stomach only secretes small amounts of gastric juices until food is present.
Second the secretion of mucus coats the lining of the stomach protecting it from the gastric juices.
The third mechanism is the digestive enzyme pepsin is secreted in an inactive protein c
Grade 7 chapter1 lesson1 - the digestive systemLermaPendon1
Lesson 2 The Digestive system
-Functions of Digestive system
-Digestion
-Types of Digestion
-Enzymes
-The role of Enzymes in Digestion
-Organs of Digestive system
-The Mouth
-the Esophagus
-Peristalsis
-The Stomach
-Chyme
-the Small Intestine
-Villi
-the Large intestine
-Bacteria and Digestion
-the Digestive system and Homeostasis
-Common Ailments and Disorders of the Digestive system
Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so. Who is considered part of "the people" and how authority is shared among or delegated by the people has changed over time and at different rates in different countries, but over time more and more of a democratic country's inhabitants have generally been included.
Kasanayan sa pagsulat
Filipino
Ang Filipino , ay ang pambansang wika ng Pilipinas. Itinalaga ang Filipino kasama ang Ingles, bilang isang opisyal na wika ng bansa. Isa itong pamantayang uri ng wikang Tagalog, isang pang-rehiyong wikang Austronesyo na malawak na sinasalita sa Pilipinas.
Filipino 11
Akademikong Pagsulat Abstrak
Ang Filipino , ay ang pambansang wika ng Pilipinas. Itinalaga ang Filipino kasama ang Ingles, bilang isang opisyal na wika ng bansa. Isa itong pamantayang uri ng wikang Tagalog, isang pang-rehiyong wikang Austronesyo na malawak na sinasalita sa Pilipinas.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Accessory organs & glands
1. Accessory Organs & Glands,
Absorption of Food, Elimination of
Waste Materials
2. Accessory Organs and Glands
• Both the liver and the pancreas are
considered digestive helpers.
• Other than their roles in digestion, they
also have other functions.
• Accessory digestive organ: An organ that
helps with digestion but is not part of the
digestive tract. The accessory digestive
organs are the tongue, salivary
glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
3. • The liver, pancreas, and gall bladder are
not part of the alimentary canal but they
have important functions in the digestive
process. They are called accessory parts
of the digestive system.
• They are also called digestive helpers.
4. Liver
• The liver is the largest gland in the body,
weighing about 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) in an adult.
The liver has many roles in the
digestive system. For example, it:
produces a green fluid called bile, which
breaks down fats
removes wastes and toxins from the body
breaks down nutrients and stores some
vitamins and minerals.
5. • It is dark red and is made up of five lobes
(3 on the right, 2 on the left).
• It lies immediately below the diaphragm, to
the right side of the body.
6. • One of its important functions is to aid
digestion by producing an alkaline,
greenish yellow liquid, containing bile salts
and bile pigments called bile.
• It stores glycogen, vitamins and some
minerals, such as iron and copper, which
are released when needed by the body.
• Summing up the functions: protein
synthesis, iron storage, detoxification, heat
production
7. What the liver does to digested
food?
• Food absorbed by the blood from the small
intestine is carried to the liver.
• The work of the liver is to processed digested
food.
• Food that can already be used is distributed to
different parts of the body through the blood.
• Excess food is converted to a form that can be
stored.
• The stored food becomes a source of energy.
8. Pancreas
• It is a soft triangular gland lying between the
small intestine and the stomach.
• The pancreas produces pancreatic juice, which
is a mixture of digestive enzymes.
• Pancreatic juice helps in neutralizing or
weakening the acid in food inside the stomach
before it moves onto the small intestine; also
contains different enzymes that are needed to
further break down starch, proteins and fats in
the small intestine.
9. • The pancreas also secretes the hormone
insulin, which plays an important role in
the control of the blood sugar level in the
body and utilization of carbohydrates.
10. Absorption of Food
• Absorption in the Small Intestine
• Absorption in the Large Intestine
11. Absorption in the Small Intestine
• After 3-5 hours, most of the food in the
small intestine is digested.
• Proteins are broken down into individual
amino acids.
• An amino acid is a type of organic acid
that contains an acid functional group and
an amine functional group on adjacent
carbon atoms. Amino acids are
considered to be the building blocks of
proteins.
12. • Carbohydrates (starches & sugars) are
broken down into simple sugars, and fats
are broken down into fatty acids and
glycerol.
• Digestive juices from the pancreas and the
liver mix with chyme.
• Chyme is the food that has changed into a
pulpy liquid called chyme.
• Pancreatic juice from the pancreas further
breaks down protein, carbohydrates and
fats into simpler substances.
13. • Bile from the liver breaks fats into tiny
droplets, making it easy for an enzyme to
act on them.
• The digested food in the small intestine is
now in liquid form and is absorbed into the
blood through the villi on the walls of the
intestine.
• By the time the food is ready to leave the
small intestine, it is basically free of
nutrients.
• All the nutrients have been absorbed.
What remains are undigested substances.
14. Absorption in the Large Intestine
• No all food can be digested.
• As undigested food leaves the small
intestine, it passes into the large intestine,
which is shorter but much broader than
the small intestine.
• The main function of the large intestine is
to absorb water and mineral salts from the
undigested food material.
15. • After about 18-24 hours in the large
intestine, most of the water that is
contained in undigested food is absorbed.
• Helpful bacterial residents of large
intestine make certain vitamins, such as
vitamin K and 2B, that are needed by the
body.
16. Elimination of Waste Materials
• Materials that are not absorbed in the
large intestine form a solid waste known
as feces.
• Feces, which is made up of dead bacteria
and some fat and protein, undigested food
roughage, dried out digested juices,
mucus, and discarded intestinal cells, is
stored temporarily in the rectum.
17. • When the rectum contracts, the feces is
expelled through an opening called the
anus.
• The process of removing undigested
matter from the body is called egestion,
defecation, or bowel movement.
18. How long does food stays in the
digestive organs?
• Mouth 5-30 sec.
• Esophagus 7-10 sec.
• Stomach 2-24 hours
• Small Intestine 3-5 hours
• Large Intestine 18 hours-2 days
19. Quiz Time
1. What is the largest gland in the body?
2-3. Give 2 functions of the liver
4-5. Give 2 functions of the pancreas
6. How many lobes does the liver have?
7. What is the function of the small intestine?
8. What is the function of the large intestine?
9. The feces is expelled through an opening called
the________.
10. How long does food stays in the stomach?
20. Answers
1. Liver
2-3. Functions
produces a green fluid called bile, which breaks
down fats
removes wastes and toxins from the body
breaks down nutrients and stores some vitamins
and minerals.
One of its important functions is to aid digestion
Summing up the functions: protein synthesis, iron
storage, detoxification, heat production
21. 4-5. Functions
helps in neutralizing or weakening the acid
in food inside the stomach before it moves
onto the small intestine; also contains
different enzymes that are needed to
further break down starch, proteins and
fats in the small intestine.
• The pancreas also secretes the hormone
insulin, which plays an important role in
the control of the blood sugar level in the
body and utilization of carbohydrates.
22. 6. 5 lobes
7. Function of Small Intestine
the food in the small intestine is digested.
8. Function of Large Intestine
The main function of the large intestine is
to absorb water and mineral salts from the
undigested food material.
9. Anus
10. Stomach – 2-24 hours