Powerpoint Mamongcara Digestive system

1. The Digestive System
A Report By: Alinor A. Mamongcara

2. The Digestive System Song

3. Gastroenterology
• Study of the digestive system and its
disorders

4. Digestion
The chemical breakdown of complex
biological molecules into their component
parts.
• Lipids to fatty acids
• Proteins to individual amino acids
• Carbohydrates into simple sugars

5. Digestion
• Mechanical
–Changes the physical form of food
•Chew
•Tear
•Grind
•Mash
•Mix

6. Functions of the Digestive
System
• Produces various chemicals to break
down the food.
• Filters out harmful substances.
• Gets rid of solid wastes.

7. Phases of Digestion
• Ingestion
• Movement
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Further digestion

8. The Digestive Tract
• A long muscular
tube with many
sections and
areas.
• Begins with the
mouth and ends
with the anus.

9. The Digestive Tract
• Parts of the
Digestive Tract
–Mouth
–Pharynx
–Esophagus
–Stomach
–Small Intestine
–Large Intestine

10. Mouth
• Functions:
– Food enters in the
mouth or oral cavity
– Tasting
– Mechanical
breakdown of food
– Secretion of salivary
glands (salivary
amylase)

11. Esophagus
• A straight muscular tube that
is about 10 inches (25 cm)
long which connects the
mouth with the stomach
• Food takes about 4 to 8
seconds as it passes through
to the stomach.
• Its walls contain smooth
muscles that contracts in
wavy motion (Peristalsis).
• Peristalsis propels food and
liquid slowly down the
esophagus into the stomach.

12. Stomach
• J-shaped muscular sac
• Has inner folds (rugae) that
increases the surface area of
the stomach.
• Churns and grinds together
the bolus into smaller pieces.
• Food is mixed with gastric
juices (hydrochloric acid and
enzymes) secreted by the
stomach walls.
• HCL helps break down food
and kills bacteria that came
along with the food.

13. Small Intestines
Site of greatest amount of digestion
and absorption, 90% of the process
• Takes about 4 – 8 hrs to complete
its journey.
• Mucosa (inner wall) – secretes
several enzymes that acts on the
food.
• Digested nutrients are absorbed
through intestinal walls.
• Absorbed materials cross the
mucosa into the blood then other
parts of the body for storage or
further chemical change.

14. Large Intestine
• a.k.a. Colon
• larger diameter, but shorter (5 ft)
• Water is absorbed from the
undigested food making the waste
harder until it becomes solid.
• Waste stays for 10 – 12 hours.
• Waste is pushed into the expanded
portion (rectum) of the large
intestine.
• Solid waste stays in the rectum
until it is excreted through the anus
as feces.
• Appendix hangs on the right side
of the large intestine.

15. Common Diseases of the
Digestive System
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Lactose intolerance
• Peptic ulcer
• Colon Cancer
• Loose Bowel Syndrome (Diarrhea)

16. Latest Trends
• Pivot (Pacemaker for the Digestive
System)
– The chips can slow the emptying of the
stomach, triggering feeling of fullness in
obese patients.
• Gastric Bypass
– divides the stomach into a small upper pouch
and a much larger lower "remnant" pouch and
then re-arranges the small intestine to
connect to both.

17. Latest Trends
• Adjustable Gastric Band
– an inflatable silicone device placed around the
top portion of the stomach to treat obesity,
intended to slow consumption of food and
thus the amount of food consumed.

18. Trivia
• The esophagus is approximately 25cm long. Muscles
contract in waves to move the food down the
esophagus. This means that food would get to a
person's stomach, even if they were standing on their
head.
• The digestive tract is similar to a long tube which is
approximately 30 feet (Equal to 5, 6 footers) long in
total running through the middle of the body.

19. Reporter’s Profile
• Alinor A. Mamongcara
– Studies at Adamson University
taking up BS Accountancy
– 09-23-87
– Gave up working for HSBC in a span
of 5 years to pursue his studies
– Gaming and Gadget Enthusiast
– Favorite Qoute:
“The only thing necessary for evil to
triumph, is for good men to do nothing”
–Edmund Burke

20. A Short Video About the
Digestive System