This study aimed to assess the academic performance of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries of the Grade VIII Students in Dipolog City Division South District. To find out the significant relationship between the factors affecting the academic performance and the academic performance and final grade in the previous grade level of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries. Employing documentary, descriptive correlation method of research, frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, ANOVA and Pearson r from 181 students of Grade VIII in Dipolog City South District Dipolog City. On the other hand, results revealed that students academic performance was satisfactory in terms of the final grade in the previous grade level. A conclusive statement drawn based on the results of the research found no significant relationship between all factors affecting academic performance and the academic performance of 4Ps beneficiaries. Sarah Mae C. Aranas | Marilyn G. Barbaso | Genevieve Q. Bermudez | Joan Abigail N. Pelpinosas | Edelene A. Tecson "Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries in Dipolog City Division South District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40078.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/40078/academic-performance-of-the-grade-viii-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-4ps-beneficiaries-in-dipolog-city-division-south-district/sarah-mae-c-aranas
Teaching Strategies, Approaches and Methods Under DepEd K-12 CurriculumDepEd
Teaching Strategies, Approaches and Methods Under DepEd K-12 Curriculum. Here are the basis of Deped on what the teachers will use in teaching strategies.Check out my youtube channel at www.youtube.com/TitserEnzymeTV and looking for sponsorship at my teaching.
Professional education reviewer for let or blept examineeselio dominglos
Professional Education reviewer for teachers who are going to take the PRC LET or BLEPT examination. this reviewer covers topics ranging from different chapters.
Itong modyul ng pangkatuto ay makakatulong sa mga-aaral tungkol sa pananalakay ng hukbo ng mga Hapones sa Pilipinas noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig. Dito dn makikita ang mga labanang naganap sa pagitan ng Allied Forces at Japan.
Teaching Strategies, Approaches and Methods Under DepEd K-12 CurriculumDepEd
Teaching Strategies, Approaches and Methods Under DepEd K-12 Curriculum. Here are the basis of Deped on what the teachers will use in teaching strategies.Check out my youtube channel at www.youtube.com/TitserEnzymeTV and looking for sponsorship at my teaching.
Professional education reviewer for let or blept examineeselio dominglos
Professional Education reviewer for teachers who are going to take the PRC LET or BLEPT examination. this reviewer covers topics ranging from different chapters.
Itong modyul ng pangkatuto ay makakatulong sa mga-aaral tungkol sa pananalakay ng hukbo ng mga Hapones sa Pilipinas noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig. Dito dn makikita ang mga labanang naganap sa pagitan ng Allied Forces at Japan.
Promoting School Attendance Completion Guide for Grade 7ijtsrd
The research was conducted at Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City, Cebu as a bases for an intervention activities for “Promoting School Attendance Completion guide in Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City Cebu. Descriptive method was used. Questionnaires were given to 70 students for evalution. Gathered data were treated using simple percentage, weigthed mean formula, chi square formula. Based on the findings and after a careful analysis and interpretation of the study. It is concluded that the “Promoting School Attendance Completion Guide in Grade 7 in Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City, Cebu and School Attendance Completion Guide in Grade 7.” It was recommended that this study has identified the following key aspects of intervention for improving the school attendance of the learners, 1. Maintaining flexible activity to cater learners diversity of learning needs and interest. 2. Teacher’s extended support to mainstreaming classes. 3. Evaluating skills using a range of procedures through close monitoring and collecting of evidence. 4. Ensuring that the whole school supported the activity promoting for literacy improvement. 5. alotting a warm, inviting room for those students who likely to withdraw from the program. Roselyn L. Rabago "Promoting School Attendance Completion Guide for Grade 7" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50273.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/50273/promoting-school-attendance-completion-guide-for-grade-7/roselyn-l-rabago
A Comparative Analysis of the Best Practices of South Korea and Philippine Ed...ijtsrd
The quality of education in a country plays a significant relationship between the government and supports of stakeholders. This research focus on the literature review between Philippine and South Korea educational system. It is not undeniable that both countries have many similarities such as their main purpose of education is to provide educational opportunities to promote responsible and globally competitive individual. As a result of systematic analysis of the two countries, similar variables where taken into consideration for the basis of improvement of one's educational system. Based on the findings, Philippine education is outlying in some aspects of educational system in South Korea. Another remarkable thing in the Philippine educational system is the lack of government spending on education, teachers and student ration, internet services in the school and research and development. The result of the study suggested that Philippine government needs to benchmarks some good practices in south Korean educational system in order to elevate and improve our education system as well. Marievel C. Velasquez | Christna T. Baratbate | Jose L. Tibon | Raiza M. Capao | Marilyn Miranda "A Comparative Analysis of the Best Practices of South Korea and Philippine Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29450.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/29450/a-comparative-analysis-of-the-best-practices-of-south-korea-and-philippine-education/marievel-c-velasquez
Promoting School Attendance Completion Guide for Grade 7ijtsrd
The research was conducted at Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City, Cebu as a bases for an intervention activities for “Promoting School Attendance Completion guide in Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City Cebu. Descriptive method was used. Questionnaires were given to 70 students for evalution. Gathered data were treated using simple percentage, weigthed mean formula, chi square formula. Based on the findings and after a careful analysis and interpretation of the study. It is concluded that the “Promoting School Attendance Completion Guide in Grade 7 in Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City, Cebu and School Attendance Completion Guide in Grade 7.” It was recommended that this study has identified the following key aspects of intervention for improving the school attendance of the learners, 1. Maintaining flexible activity to cater learners diversity of learning needs and interest. 2. Teacher’s extended support to mainstreaming classes. 3. Evaluating skills using a range of procedures through close monitoring and collecting of evidence. 4. Ensuring that the whole school supported the activity promoting for literacy improvement. 5. alotting a warm, inviting room for those students who likely to withdraw from the program. Roselyn L. Rabago "Promoting School Attendance Completion Guide for Grade 7" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50273.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/50273/promoting-school-attendance-completion-guide-for-grade-7/roselyn-l-rabago
A Comparative Analysis of the Best Practices of South Korea and Philippine Ed...ijtsrd
The quality of education in a country plays a significant relationship between the government and supports of stakeholders. This research focus on the literature review between Philippine and South Korea educational system. It is not undeniable that both countries have many similarities such as their main purpose of education is to provide educational opportunities to promote responsible and globally competitive individual. As a result of systematic analysis of the two countries, similar variables where taken into consideration for the basis of improvement of one's educational system. Based on the findings, Philippine education is outlying in some aspects of educational system in South Korea. Another remarkable thing in the Philippine educational system is the lack of government spending on education, teachers and student ration, internet services in the school and research and development. The result of the study suggested that Philippine government needs to benchmarks some good practices in south Korean educational system in order to elevate and improve our education system as well. Marievel C. Velasquez | Christna T. Baratbate | Jose L. Tibon | Raiza M. Capao | Marilyn Miranda "A Comparative Analysis of the Best Practices of South Korea and Philippine Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29450.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/29450/a-comparative-analysis-of-the-best-practices-of-south-korea-and-philippine-education/marievel-c-velasquez
ESGP PA Scholars in the University of Eastern Philippines Their Academic Perf...ijtsrd
The ESGP PA scholars in the University of Eastern Philippines, in spite of the financial grant, have their fair share of challenges at home, in school, and with the scholarship management. This descriptive qualitative study delved into documenting the scholars’ academic performance, discovering a myriad of their challenges, unlocking in them their perceived solutions, and mapped out recommendations designed to help the ESGP PA Scholarship Management for the academic advancement of the scholars. Results revealed that the scholars are fairly performing their academics but are affronted of school related challenges ranging from hectic class schedule and time limitations in requirement submissions to pressures in maintaining their grades given their non regular school attendance. For school management related, they get to experience delays of the financial grant, and long queues for scholarship renewal and other submissions. At home, they are torn between their school and family priorities. This is aside from experiences of low familial support to their education and financial obligation, where the bulk of their allowance goes to aid their family needs and as capital build up for the livelihood ventures of their parents. In the light of these circumstances, the scholars thought of perceived solutions, which to them are the be all answers. Leah A. De Asis | Tito M. Cabili | Brenfred N. Romero "ESGP-PA Scholars in the University of Eastern Philippines: Their Academic Performance, Challenges, and Perceived Solutions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38023.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38023/esgppa-scholars-in-the-university-of-eastern-philippines-their-academic-performance-challenges-and-perceived-solutions/leah-a-de-asis
It is widely known that education for all ought to be equal to all, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender and hierarchy. Although equality in education is the primary purpose of our government, however, there are some instances that inequality in education exists due to some factors. This research identifies the factors that lead to inequality in education. Based on our findings factors such as individual characteristics attitudes and beliefs, psychological traits, parental socio economic status , individual educational success attainment, field of study , population groups men and women and ethnic groups , educational inequality gender pay gap, horizontal, occupational and segregation contributes to the overall dilemma. Moreover, our findings also show that micro and social contributes to the gaps of inequality of education, thus, social interactions and social structures affects the micro conditions and outcome. This implied that educational inequality is caused by different factors and constructs that undermined the policy of an educational system and this lead to inequality of education. Lucelle B. Collamat | Maureen S. Salagada | Emerson A. Sentos | Clarissa S. Tabar | Regina P. Galigao "Inequality in Education: A Literature Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33639.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/33639/inequality-in-education-a-literature-review/lucelle-b-collamat
Communicating Community Environment of Junior High School Students in the Fir...ijtsrd
The study investigates the community environment, particularly the learning and social communities of junior high school students in the first congressional district of Northern Samar, Philippines. The research design employed descriptive research. The sample consisted of 388 junior high school students enrolled during the Academic Year 2019 2020. The research findings revealed that while the learning community was moderately favorable, the social community was highly favorable. To sum up, the community environment was moderately favorable. It was also indicated that a communication task force should be instituted in schools. In the same manner, the schools should forge for sustainable school students community relations. Veronica A. Piczon | Leah A. De Asis | Brenfred N. Romero "Communicating Community Environment of Junior High School Students in the First Congressional District of Northern Samar, Philippines: Inputs to School-Students-Community Relations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49272.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49272/communicating-community-environment-of-junior-high-school-students-in-the-first-congressional-district-of-northern-samar-philippines-inputs-to-schoolstudentscommunity-relations/veronica-a-piczon
Social Media Use and Junior High School Student’s Academic Performance in the...ijtsrd
This descriptive correlational study was conducted to determine the social media utilization and its effects on student’s academic performance in selected secondary schools in the Division of Northern Samar. This study utilized purposive sampling in determining the 1,144 Grade 10 student respondent from the following schools in Northern Samar Balicuatro area Allen National High School, San Isidro Agro Industrial High School, The majority of the students own only one 1 social media account. The findings also revealed that the students had good academic performance in all subjects, namely English, Mathematics, Science, Filipino, Araling Panlipunan, MAPEH, ESP, and TVE. This resulted in an overall proficient academic performance. It was also found out that the best positive effect of using social media is its effectiveness in communicating with their friends. On the other hand, one of the prominent negative effects of social media on students is that social media is addictive and a challenge that affects their academic life. The findings also revealed that the profile and the social media utilization have no significant relationship with the students’ academic performance. The top school related problem that emerged is the reduced learning and research capabilities when utilizing social media. In general, the school related problems encountered by the students using social media were described as very alarming. The top personal problem is that in social media, the students are more prone to cyber bullying. In general, the personal problems encountered by the students using social media were described as very alarming. Jester Ditche "Social Media Use and Junior High School Student’s Academic Performance in the Division of Northern Samar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41278.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhumanities-and-the-arts/education/41278/social-media-use-and-junior-high-school-student’s-academic-performance-in-the-division-of-northern-samar/jester-ditche
Children’s Participation in Schooling and Education in Pastoralist Woredas of...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Pastoralists are among the marginalized groups of society who live in a marginalized environment and whose livelihood is exposed to the vagaries of climate and harsh environmental conditions. This study explores into impediments of pastoral children’s participation into schooling and education with particular emphasis on the primary school of selected Woreda, Afar Zone. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative research method was employed. Participants of the study were selected by employing purposive sampling mainly on the basis of their roles related to schooling. Seven members of parent teacher associations, 20 teachers, 4 school principals, 14 education experts and officials, a total of 45 respondents took part in the study. Data were collected through the use of different instruments: Strutted interview, focus group discussion, and document review and observation checklist. The data obtained through these data collection instruments were analysed thematically. The steps involved were organizing and preparing data for analysis, reading through all data, coding, generating a description of the settings and people and identifying categories or themes for analysis, representing descriptions and themes in the qualitative narrative and interpretation. The study identified several cultural and economic barriers such as early marriage, lack of interest for modern education, parental level of education, mobility, child labor, poverty and finance. The results also showed that existence of both supply and demand side constraints. Problem of funding, inability to attract and retain qualified teaching staff, poorly equipped schools and community perception of modern education as a threat to pastoralist way of life were the major supply related shortcomings. The demand side limitations were identified as dispersed settlement patterns, demand for child labour, bride-price and peer pressure. Mandatory seasonal mobility, frequent conflicts and conflict induced displacement were cited as the most pronounced disenabling features.Drought and harsh weather were the driving forces of mobility. Competition over water sources and pastureland coupled with border dispute and cattle raid were identified as the long standing causes of armed conflict which in turn result in school activity disruption. Thus, based on the findings, recommendation is made to planners and policymakers so as to alleviate the observed shortcomings. Improving quality of school facilities, sensitization campaign on the benefits of education, blended mode of delivery, peace dialogue to arrest recurring conflicts, self-proof of schools about their worthiness to the local community and rethinking of teacher incentive mechanisms are some of the important propositions made in view to avert the long standing legacy of educational under representation of the Afar pastoralist communities in Ethiopia.
The Influence of Family Background on the Academic Performance of Students Ec...ijtsrd
A qualitative education produces enlighten and vibrant people. Family experiences are very significant in influencing childrens performance in schools around the world. Research has shown that parental encouragement enhances, childrens academic performance especially by people with whom they communicate in their first stages of life. Against this background that this study was undertaken to examine the influence of family background on the academic performance of students in Economics in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The study was guided by three objectives which are to find out if there is a relationship between parental educational level and student’s academic performance in Economics determine the influence of parental income on students’ academic performance in Economics and to find out if there is any significant relationship between the parental level of motivation and students’ academic performance in Economics. This study is anchored on socialization theory. The study adopted a survey design to determine the influence of family background on students academic performance. The population of that study is the entire secondary school in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The study randomly selected 80 students and 20 teachers in Port Harcourt Metropolitan. Descriptive statistics and simple percentages and tabulation were used for the data collected by way of a questionnaire. Chi square was used when evaluating the null hypotheses. The study above showed that the family background of students and their academic success in economics subject is significantly positive. Based on the study findings the following recommendations were made Social and economic policies should be introduced to give children with low economic status equal opportunities to support their childrens education. Parents should provide a home environment that supports and motivates children to achieve better education at school. This can be done by teaching your children at home to improve schoolwork and to provide the necessary learning material. Sunday Nsirimobi Ordu | Egbo Glad Ogechi "The Influence of Family Background on the Academic Performance of Students Economics in Port Harcourt Metropolis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35767.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/35767/the-influence-of-family-background-on-the-academic-performance-of-students-economics-in-port-harcourt-metropolis/sunday-nsirimobi-ordu
Socio Cultural Factors and Retention of Boy Child in Public Primary Schools i...ijtsrd
Retention in school has positive consequences for individuals throughout their lives. This study presents the current factors that contribute to retention of boy child in public primary school, with a view of getting possible solution for countering the problems that causes boy child not to retain in school. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of the socio cultural factors on retention of boy child in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. The research was guided by the classical liberal theory of equal opportunity. The research adopted a descriptive survey method. This design was considered appropriate because data was collected at one point in time across many individuals. The target population of the study comprised of 62 Head Teachers, 62 Deputy Head Teachers, 62 Senior Teachers and 62 Guidance and Counseling Teachers. The 14 Chiefs of Turkana West Sub County were also included as part of key informants in the study. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists SPSS . Quantitative data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics to generate percentages, means, standard deviations and frequencies. Inferential statistics was done using linear regression model. The study results were presented using tables and figures. The findings for the study demonstrated that socio cultural factors have a negative effects on boy child retention in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. Itao Erukudi Titus | Sarah Likoko | Jane Barasa "Socio-Cultural Factors and Retention of Boy Child in Public Primary Schools in Turkana West Sub-County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59772.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59772/sociocultural-factors-and-retention-of-boy-child-in-public-primary-schools-in-turkana-west-subcounty-kenya/itao-erukudi-titus
EDD614ASSIGNMENTCASE2Trident International University .docxbudabrooks46239
EDD614ASSIGNMENTCASE2
Trident International University
James Newton
EDD 614
Assignment Case 2
Dr. James Hodges
February 10, 2020
“Impact of Poverty on the Education Success of Children”
Background
Education is one of the most fundamental rights across the world. However, access to education continues to vary cross different communities, cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Numerous studies have attempted to explore the causes of variations in access and successful educational outcomes across different groups of people. Riedi, Dawn and Kim (2017) state that learners with the capacity to deliver high academic performance exist in all income levels across the United States. Nonetheless, the success rates of learners from low-income backgrounds continue to be lower than their wealthy counterparts. While the dropout rates have reduced phenomenally from low-income neighborhoods, children from wealthy families still register the lowest dropout rates. Level of income coupled with gender factors may also play a role in school dropout rates or low academic performance for children from poor backgrounds. A longitudinal qualitative study undertaken by Ramanaik et al. (2018) found that for many poor families, girls’ domestic tasks came at the cost of schooling with greater concerns regarding the need to safeguard their sexual purity. Furthermore, with the rising desire of the girls’ educational and career goals, parents often encourage girls’ agencies to communicate openly both at home and in school. Children from poor households are also less motivated to work harder in school compared to their contemporaries from wealthy backgrounds. Friels (2016) observes that scholars have tried to make efforts towards exploring the influence of poverty on student success. According to Friels (2016), a combination of factors such as poverty, race and ethnicity have been the defining indicators of student academic attainment. For instance, African American children from low-income neighborhoods continue to face challenges such as low classroom attendance and dropout rates compared to their peers from financial stable backgrounds. In light of the above, this qualitative study will investigate the effects of poverty on educational success in children.
Research Problem
The indicators of academic achievements are often widely recognized across different sides of the scholarly divide. They include hard work, student competence and abilities, school culture, as well as teachers’ competencies. While these factors have been expansively identified and explored by scholars, one major area of research has often been overlooked: the extent to which poverty or level of income impacts educational outcomes for children. Renth, Buckley and Pucher (2015) observe that even though studies exist on this problematic area of knowledge, there have been minimal qualitative explorations on the influence of poverty on children’s educational outcomes. For instance, major qualit.
Effect of Social Attitude on Academic Achievement of Tribal Students at Secon...ijtsrd
The educational problems of the mass of people in the country appear to have close relations with the ethos of the society. Most of the socially and economically disadvantaged and deprived groups of the society are found to be backward. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the status of these groups, understand their socioeconomic setting and resolve the problem at hand illiteracy and ignorance. Education, with a fervent hope that it widens the mind, trains the critical faculties of thought and judgement, has always been valued highly by all societies and cultures. It is considered the sine qua non for the freedom from the shackles of ignorance, dependency and poverty etc. Eradication of illiteracy is considered as one of the significant objectives of developmental planning in India today. Literacy is universally recognised as a powerful instrument of social change. The tribal population is, however handicapped socially as well as economically and has not responded vigorously to the times aimed at the eradication of illiteracy. Priyaranjan Das "Effect of Social Attitude on Academic Achievement of Tribal Students at Secondary Level in Kalahandi District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46287.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/46287/effect-of-social-attitude-on-academic-achievement-of-tribal-students-at-secondary-level-in-kalahandi-district/priyaranjan-das
Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High Studentsijtsrd
The research was conducted at Matab ang National High School Toledo City Division -Region VII as a bases for an action plan for “Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High students in Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City Cebu and the Scheme of Implementation of the Student’s Intervention Program of Matab ang National High School and evaluated on the level of students intervention program implementation in terms of Therapy Programs, Intervention Team Approaches, Supplemental Programs, Community Home School Partnership Programs and Whole School Reform Programs. Descriptive method was used. Questionnaires were given to 10 teachers and 240 students for evaluation. Gathered data were treated using total weighted points, weighted mean, and t test. Based on the findings and after a careful analysis and interpretation of the study, it is concluded that the ““Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High in Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City Cebu and the Scheme of Implementation of the Student’s Intervention Program of Matab ang National High School”. It was recommended that this study has identified the following key aspects of intervention for improving the literacy skills of students 1. promoting positive relationships between teacher and students by providing a designated teacher for intervention 2. providing at least three to five sessions of explicit intensive instruction per week 3. using experienced literacy teachers to facilitate the intervention 4. maintaining flexibility within the program to address changes in individual students’ interests and needs 5. working with other teachers to extend support into mainstream classes 6. monitoring and collecting evidence of students’ skills using a range of procedures 7. ensuring whole school support for the program and for literacy improvement and 8. allocating a warm, inviting room for withdrawal sessions. Maria Katrina S. Macapaz "Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49567.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49567/advocating-school-intervention-program-among-junior-high-students/maria-katrina-s-macapaz
Home Environment and Academic Performance of Junior High School Students in t...ijtsrd
The study focused on the home environment that affects academic performance of the junior high school students. This was conducted among junior high school students in the first District of Northern Samar. This was conducted within the third quarter of the school year 2018 2019. Findings showed that more than one half of the parents have no time in helping their children in their academic activities. In terms of family income, majority of the students belong to the families whose income is less than Php10,000. In terms of the school environment, results showed that students find it not supportive to their learning. The time devoted by the mother and father to their children, the number of siblings, peer behaviour and teacher behaviour significantly correlated student’s academic performance. The findings of this study will serve as an input in improving the learning environment of the students to improve their academic performance. Melagrosa U. Saludaga-de Asis "Home Environment and Academic Performance of Junior High School Students in the First District of Northern Samar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47957.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/47957/home-environment-and-academic-performance-of-junior-high-school-students-in-the-first-district-of-northern-samar/melagrosa-u-saludagade-asis
Influence of Socio Economic Factors on Access and Retention of Learners in Pu...ijtsrd
Since the introduction of FPE, the concern by the Government of Kenya and other stakeholders in education has been education access and retention. This study sought to investigate the influence of socio economic factors on access and retention of learners in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. The study was guided by Classical Liberal Theory of Equal Opportunity and Social Darwinism. Exploratory research design was adopted in this study. The study targeted 36 head teachers, 201 teachers, 13221 parents and 22028 pupils from public primary schools in Turkana west Sub County bringing the total population to 35486 people. Stratified sampling was used to select 393 pupils while purposive sampling was used to select 12 teachers, 12 parents and 12 head teachers from the sampled schools. The research instruments used for data collection consisted of questionnaires and interview schedules. The instruments were validated. Piloting of the instruments was conducted in two primary schools in the neighboring sub county Loima sub county each of the instrument yielded a reliability coefficient of above 0.7 using the split half technique. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from pupils while interview schedules were used to collect qualitative data from teachers, parents and head teachers. Data collected was cleaned, coded and then entered into SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. Quantitative data was analysed using frequencies and percentages while qualitative data was presented in prose in accordance to the study objectives. The study adhered to all ethical considerations in research to ensure that the results are not jeopardized. The study found that socio economic factors have a significant positive influence on access and retention of learners in public primary schools in Turkana West Sub County. Ngitira Joseph | Tecla Kirwa | Peter Akwee "Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on Access and Retention of Learners in Public Primary Schools in Turkana West Sub-County" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52582.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/52582/influence-of-socioeconomic-factors-on-access-and-retention-of-learners-in-public-primary-schools-in-turkana-west-subcounty/ngitira-joseph
Educators’ Perspectives towards Inclusion of Students with Mild to Moderate D...ijtsrd
This research deals with the perception of teachers and administrators in the inclusion of children with mild to moderate disabilities to general education classroom. General education and special education teachers together with administrators were surveyed to gather data for this quantitative study. The Inclusive School Program survey by McLesky et al. 2001 and four point Likert scale were used in the collection of data. The respondents also responded to open ended questions in order to determine what training approach is most helpful and least beneficial. There was a low correlation between the perspective of educators and the variables, age and educational level, towards inclusive education. However, there was no significant correlation between educators’ perspectives and gender and race profile in relation to inclusion of students with mild to moderate disabilities to general education. The researcher concluded that based on the assessment of educators’ perspectives, a proposed plan would be administered to enhance educator’s perspectives towards inclusion of students with mild to moderate disabilities into the general education classroom. It is recommended that professional development training for general education teachers should be conducted for them to be effective and efficient. Felipe M. Landicho "Educators’ Perspectives towards Inclusion of Students with Mild to Moderate Disabilities into the General Education Classroom" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51812.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/51812/educators’-perspectives-towards-inclusion-of-students-with-mild-to-moderate-disabilities-into-the-general-education-classroom/felipe-m-landicho
Similar to Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps Beneficiaries in Dipolog City Division South District (20)
Cosmetics are defined as “items with mild action on the human body for the purpose of cleaning, beautifying, adding to the attractiveness, altering the appearance, or keeping or promoting the skin or hair in good condition- while functional cosmetics, even if falling under the cosmetic definition, are designated as “items fulfilling specific actions like skin whitening, minimizing the appearance of lines in the face and body, protecting from the sun and sun tanning-. Ahiya Noor | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Cosmetic Science: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45135/cosmetic-science-an-overview/ahiya-noor
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ParalysisYogeshIJTSRD
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This research study is geared on determining the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators. Included on the aim is to know their experiences and story being considered as teacher by accident. A qualitative research design was applied in this study. Researchers conducted a personal interview with the respondents with the aid of a guide questions which all points to main issue of this study. The findings of the study revealed that out of seven respondents, four are on the age bracket of 21 to 25 years old, two respondents are on the age bracket of 26 to 30 years old and a single respondent is on the age bracket of 36 to 40 years. Most of the respondents find enthusiasm in teaching and are aware that there is a need for them to proceed in post graduate studies for them to have a considerable salary. As to financial stability, only 1out of 7 considers herself as financially stable. The rest are saying that as of the moment, they are not yet financially stable basing on the rate of their salary. Qualification matters a lot in the field of academe because this was being shared by one of the respondents who considers herself as financially stable. Also, all of the respondents do not consider teaching as their first career of choice but most of them does not have any plan of shifting to another career. Girlie N. Cañete | Harry Santiago P. Achas | Pamela N. Cañete "Criminology Educators: Triumphs and Struggles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45082.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45082/criminology-educators-triumphs-and-struggles/girlie-n-cañete
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering this a lot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that is to be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economical aspects. Naveen Kumar | Ms. Shivani "Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45089/evaluation-of-different-paving-mixes-using-optimum-stabilizing-content/naveen-kumar
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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also needs to be societal. The larger fix cannot fall primarily
on the schools, although the schools can help. Findings also
show that there are parents saidtheyhavea monthlyincome
of Php 500 to Php 5,000. Some the eligible households must
be a resident of the poorest municipalities which is basedon
the 2003 Small Area Estimates (SAE) of the National
Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) includes those whose
economic condition is equal to or below the provincial
poverty threshold (Montilla, Delavin,Villanueva JR.,&Turco,
2015).
Since there is no study conducted covering all the same
variables stated above in the Dipolog City particularly in the
public schools, this present study aimed to add evidencetoa
developing body of knowledge and develop a new research
which consequently hopes to give a new direction towards
enhancement of management in educational institutions.
Theoretical Framework
This research study was anchored on the followingtheories:
1. Walberg’s Educational Productivity Theory as cited by
(Rugutt & Chemosit, 2005) which states those academic
performance and achievement postulatesthatpsychological
characteristics of individual students and their immediate
psychological environments influence educational outcomes
such as cognitive, behavioral, and attitudinal. They further
stated that the identified factors that influence educational
outcomes as: student ability/prior achievement and
performance, motivation, age/developmental level,quantity
of instruction, quality of instruction, classroom climate,
home environment, peer group, andexposuretomassmedia
outside of school.
2. Social Reconstructionism by Brameld (2000) who
believes that students are critical element in bringing about
social change. Children should be not be deprived with
education. Education has been the foundation of all the
skilled and professionals who contributes to the society.
According to George Counts, the social issues of the 1930’s
involve racial discrimination, poverty, and unemployment
which are similar to present issues. And this is where the
government had initiated the conditional cash transfer to
eradicate poverty and help children to have the right to
education.
3. Vroom’sExpectancyMotivationTheoryinanalyzing the
effect of the program on the academic performance of the
student-beneficiaries. The theory adopts the idea that a
person’s behavior results from conscious choices which are
aimed towards maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain
(Stecher & Rosse, 2007) (Gbollie & Keamu, 2017). Although
performance is said to be primarily based on individual
factors such as personality, skills, knowledge, experience,
and abilities, effort, performance, and motivation are also
linked to academic success (Gbollie & Keamu, 2017) .
Conceptual Framework
To conceptualize this study, a schematic diagram is
presented in figure 1. First, the independent variable which
is the factors affecting performance categorized into home
environment, study habits, learning skills and academic
interaction with intervening variables below which is the
demographic profile with indicators categorized into sex,
combined monthly family income and head of the family
occupation. Second, the dependent variable which is
academic performance and third, the output which is the
proposed policy.
An arrow, from the independent variable pointing to the
dependent variable, denotes the influence of the academic
performance to the 4P’s beneficiaries.
Figure 1 Schematic Diagram of the Study
FACTORS AFFECTING
PERFORMANCE
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Demographic Profile
Sex
Combined Monthly
Family Income
Head of the Family
Occupation
Academic Performance
Outstanding
Very Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Fairly Satisfactory
Did not Meet Expectations
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Home Environment
Study Habits
Learning Skills
Academic interactions
Proposed Policy
OUTPUT
INTERVENING VARIABLE
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
VARIABLE
-
-
-
-
-
-
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Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to assess the academic performance of the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) beneficiariesof
the Grade VIII Students in Dipolog City Division South
District and to determine its relationship with academic
performance.
Specifically, this study soughtto answer the following
questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1. sex;
1.2. combined monthly family income; and
1.3. head of the family occupation?
2. What is the level of academic performance of the
respondents in terms of final grade in the previous
grade level?
3. What are the factors that affect the academic
performance of the respondents in terms of:
3.1. home environment;
3.2. study habits;
3.3. learning skills; and
3.4. academic interactions?
4. Is there a significant difference in the level of academic
performance of respondents when they are grouped in
terms of:
4.1. sex;
4.2. combined monthly family income; and
4.3. head of the family occupation?
5. Is there a significant relationship between the factors
affecting the academic performance and the academic
performance of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4Ps) beneficiaries?
Hypotheses
The hypotheses were tested at 0.05level of significance.
Ho 1: There is no significant difference in the level of
academic performance of respondents when they are
grouped in terms of sex, combined monthly family income
and head of the family occupation.
Ho 2: There is no significant relationship between the
factors affecting the academic performance and academic
performance of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program(4Ps)
beneficiaries.
Significance of the Study
This study would be beneficial to the following sectors:
Department of Social Welfare and Development: Would
have a great importance to thedepartmentsincetheyarethe
ones monitoring the 4Ps program. The study would serve as
the basis in the modification of the conditions in giving cash
grants.
Department of Education: This would be the basis of
constructing and implementingnewandinnovativeteaching
aids to help teachers fully supervise and assess the students
to achieve their full potential, since children are financially
supported in their studies by the government.
Teachers: This would help the teachers in constructing and
developing new teaching strategies to help the students in
their performance and be mindful that even if students are
provided and supportedbygovernment,theystill need equal
guidance to perform well in school. The factors affecting the
performance of the students would also help the teacher as
their basis in making daily lessons.
Parents: This would inform the parents that their guidance
is a big impact on the performance of the students in school.
Students: This would help the students in understanding
that coming to school daily may be a guarantee that they
would also have good academic performance. And may the
result give them the overview of how the government is
supporting their studies and that they must do their part by
studying well.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study assessed the academic performance of the Grade
VIII students who are Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4Ps) beneficiaries enrolled in Dipolog City Division, South
District particularly inPunta National HighSchool,AlbertoQ.
Ubay Memorial Agro-Tech Science High School
(AQUMATSHS), Pamansalan Eco-Tech High School and
Cogon National High School thisSchool Year2019-2020.The
respondents of this study were the one hundred eighty-one
(181) Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)
beneficiaries out of three hundred eighty-nine (389) total
beneficiaries determined using the scientific determination
of sample size by (Calmorin & Calmorin, 2000) .
Definition of Terms
To facilitate the understanding of the terms used, the
following are defined conceptually and operationally:
Academic Interactions. Refer to when learners study
materials and get task-orientedfeedback fromtheinstructor
( (Moller, 1998) ; (Moore, 1993) )
Academic Performance: It is the outcome of education;the
extent to which a student, teacher or institution have
achieved their educational goals. It is measured by the final
grade earned in the course (Wikipedia, 2013)
Conditional Cash Transfer or CCT: A Strategy of the 4P’s
that transfers cash, generally to poor households, on the
condition that those households make pre-specified
investments in the human capital of their children. Health
and nutrition conditions generally require periodic check-
ups, growth monitoring, and vaccinations for children less
than 5 years of age; prenatal care for mothers and
attendance by mothers at periodic health information talks.
Education conditions usually include school enrolment,
attendance of at least 85 percent of school days, and
occasionallysomemeasureofperformance(Fiszbein,2009).
Home Environment: Refers to all the objects, forces and
conditions in the home which influence the child physically,
intellectually and emotionally (Odunga, 2015).
Learning Skills: A term that describes the tasks involved in
learning, including time management, note-taking, reading
effectively, study skills, and writing tests ( (Royal Roads
University, 2019) ,
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps): This is a
Program, implemented by the Department of Social Welfare
and Development (DSWD). Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program is a poverty reduction and social protection and
development strategy of the national government that
provides Conditional Cash Grants to poor households in
order to improve their health, nutrition and education of
children aged 0-18 y/o (Official Gazette of the Republic of
the Philippines).
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Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)
Beneficiaries: This refers to poorhouseholdswithpregnant
women and/or with children 0-18 year old selected by the
Department of Social Welfare and Development to be a part
of the program through the National Household Targeting
System for Poverty Reduction (NHTSPR).
Study Habits: Study habits typically denote the degree to
which the student engages in regular acts of studying that
are characterized by appropriatestudyingroutines(Credé&
Kuncel, 2008).
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literature and studies.
Local Studies
In the Philippines, this social protection program is called
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). In the study of
(Malisay, 2013) as cited by (Garcines, 2017) it was indicated
that this program has not yet reachedthepoorestofthepoor
in Mindanao. Besides, at present, there is still scarcity in
studies which investigate the experiences of
recipients/beneficiaries in Mindanao. Further, study
confirmed by the testimonies of school teachers and their
heads who admitted that before the implementation of 4Ps,
they found the students of 4Ps recipients non-compliant
with school requirementsandsporadicinclassparticipation.
They even added that they found themengagetheirstudents
in labour. However, after4Ps implementation,theyobserved
improvement on thesestudentsattendanceandinvolvement
in school undertaking.
Most of the problems and difficulties of Filipinos are rooted
in poverty. Many families are left deprived of their basic
needs and are therefore forcedtheirchildrentostopgoingto
school and help them instead in their livelihood. Withthis as
main ground, the Philippine governmentinitiateda program
called the Pantawid PamilyangPilipinoProgramor4Ps,both
to address poverty and in response to the country’s
commitment to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
(dela Torre, 2016) .He further stated that the program aims
to provide cash assistance to the poor to alleviate their
immediate needs (short term poverty alleviation) and to
break the intergenerational transmission and cycle of
poverty by investing heavily in human capital development
(Department of Social Welfare and Development [DSWD],
2014). Beneficiaries of this program are expected to use the
assistance especially for educational and health purposes.
Further, education plays a very important role in every
Filipino, since it is believed that through education, one can
achieve successful life. And education has always been
strongly viewed as a pillar of national development and a
primary avenue for social and economicmobility(Philippine
EFA 2015). A clear evidence of the valueplacedon education
is the proportion of the national government budgetgoingto
the sector. According to the Article XIV,Sec.5,paragraph5 of
the Philippine Constitution the Department of Education
(DepEd), the country’s biggest bureaucracy, is given the
highest budget allocation among government agencies each
year as required by the 1987 Philippine Constitution
(Constitution, 1987).
Furthermore, the right of every Filipino to quality basic
education is further emphasized in Republic Act 9155 or the
Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001. Along with
Republic Act 6655 or the Free Secondary Education Act and
Senior High School, these laws reaffirm the policy of the
State to protect and promote the rights of all Filipinos by
providing children free and compulsory education in the
elementary and high school level. This pertains to six years
of free tuition fees for children aged 6 to 11, and free four
years of secondary schooling for those aged 12 to 15.
With this as the ground, the government initiated the so
called Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Programor4Psinwhich
one of the aims is to achieve universal Basic education. As
stated in the Explanatory Note of Sen. Miriam Defensor
Santiago on the Constitution, Article 2, Section9,ofFifteenth
Congress of the Republic of the Philippines, first Regular
Session, Senate S. No. 92, The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program (4Ps) is more than a welfare program; it addresses
structural inequities in society and promotes human capital
development of the poor, thus, breaking the
intergenerational cycle of poverty.
More, the conditions attached to the grants require parents
to undergo trainings on responsible parenthood, have their
children undergo health check-ups and ensure school
attendance. The program ensures that there is sufficient
resource for the health, nutrition and education of children
aged 0-18-year-old.The programhasstrictcompliancewhen
it comes to the school attendance of the students who are
beneficiaries because it is their basis in giving the cash
transfer. It is therefore expected for the beneficiaries to
attend school regularly or at least85%ofthetotal numberof
computed every month. There arestudiesthatshowhowthe
4Ps program affects the school attendance and the
performance of the student. In addition, (Simmons, Musoba,
& and Choong, 2005) concluded that family income level,
attending full time, receiving grant aid and completing
advanced level classes in high school having statistically
significant effects on academicstudents’ performance.
Moreover, accordding to (Montilla, Delavin, Villanueva JR., &
Turco, 2015) entitled“PantawidPamilyangPilipino Program
(4Ps) : Assistance to Pupils Education” in Diogenes R.
Cabarles Elementary School and thefindingwasthat4Pshas
significant impact on pupils’ education based on its
beneficiary conditionalities, is able and motivated to attend
classes because of adequate school supplies, satisfied meals,
parasitic free stomach and supportive and active parents.
Another study conducted by(dela Torre,2016) revealedthat
4Ps contributed greatly to the school’s performance
indicators. This study alsoraisedtheawarenessoftheschool
personnel and the recipients of the program’s strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Furthermore, the
study concludes that 4Ps certainly helped its recipients and
the school with 4Ps enrolees. It is therefore recommended
that the program be continued but improved to ensure the
attainment of its objectives.
As cited by (Reyes, Tabuga, Mina, & Asis, 2015) in the long-
run, the 4Ps’ goal is to achieve improvements in human
capital. The 4Ps is seen to have great potential in increasing
educational attainment and improving nutrition and health
outcomes based on the experience of other countries who
have implemented the CCT. One of the problems in the
educational system that the 4Ps is expected to impact is
increasing dropout rates. The CCT programs in other
countries have been successful in achieving higher
enrolment rates.
And this program does not only achieve higher enrolment
and attendance but also produces students who have good
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academic performance. A study was conducted by (Agbon,
Nolasco, Aguilar, Abellanosa, & Ligaton, 2013) in Cebu City,
and according to one of the respondents, “Every year in
Tejero, we have a recognition day for children who are
beneficiaries of the 4Ps. In the past, they have not been part
of the honors’ list because they did not have the resources to
buy materials for their experiments and other school
requirements. From just being part of the regular class, they
are now in the science class. We have the recognition day to
remind everyone that these children are beneficiaries of the
4Ps.”
Moreover, learner’s academic performanceisdetermined by
some factors. According (Garcines, 2017) there were a
number of students in the classroom who got low in some of
their academic performance. He further stated that one of
the factors why some students got low was their failure to
comply with their projects and other assignments. Students
were unable to submit their requirements because their
family could hardly afford to buy materials. Parentss were
not enough to sustain the food needs of their family. Indeed,
the state of life the students had before the implementation
of 4Ps was disgraceful. In consequence, their academic
performance was tremendously hampered.
Given all these legal bases andstudyabouthowcashtransfer
or the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program affects the
school attendance, enrolment and educational attainment of
the beneficiaries, these study would like to know whether
the program has also improvedtheacademicperformanceof
the student beneficiaries.
According to the study of (Reyes, Tabuga, Mina, & Asis,
2015) described the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4Ps) as a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program that
transfers cash to beneficiary families if they follow the its
conditionality’s. Just like other CCT programs, the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program aims inreducingandalleviating
existing poverty by supplementing the income ofthepoorto
address their current consumption poverty,especiallyinthe
education and health of their family members while making
them follow certain conditionality’s that can boost their
human development investment and ensure its compliance
so that they can have more opportunities in breaking the
intergenerational cycle of poverty in the long run (Olfindo &
Fernandez, 2011) .
The country can learn from theexperienceofothercountries
in designing the 4Ps. The basic design of Mexico’s
Oportunidades, Brazil’s Bolsa Familia, and Colombia’s
Familias en Acción in terms of the education component.
These programs have several salient features to consider:
(1) they targeted children up to 17 years old or those in
senior year; (2) they provided the differentiated amount of
subsidy, with older children getting more than the younger
ones; and (3) gender disparity was taken into account,
particularly by the Oportunidades, wherein the program
provided more incentive for girls who had lower tendencies
to go to school than boys. The special attention provided by
these programs to older children, at least intermsofsubsidy
amount, draws from the fact that there is a greater
opportunity cost for older children to go to school.
Furthermore, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
targets the poorest households in the poorest areas of the
country. Households must meet stages of criteria at the time
of registration to become eligible for the cash grants. First,
must be residents of poor areas targeted by the program.
Second, must be truly being poor. Third, there must be a
pregnant woman or at least have onechildaged0-18years in
the household. Four, must be dedicated in complying with
the programs conditionalities (Olfindo & Fernandez, 2011)
In addittion, (Velarde & Fernandez, 2011) also added that
impact of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in
improving the educational and health outcomes can aid and
support beneficiaries in attaining a better and quality living
in the future. Like the lessons learned from other CCT
programs, 4Ps is also intended to fill gaps in the educational
and health outcomes amongstchildren,asidefromproviding
them with immediate poverty relief. The Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program, like other Conditional Cash
Transfers, employed for varied but interrelated purposes
today, has proven to have impact in education, either
directly, by means of the educational andhealthgrantsof the
program, or indirectly,byupliftingthetotal humancondition
of its recipients.
Additionally, the quality of education and schooling would
have to be enhanced when governing any cash transfer
programs aimed at a continual reduction of poverty (Son &
Florentino, 2008). The conditionality on the pupils’
attendance is the most visible and most felt benefit derived
from the implementation ofthePantawidPamilyangPilipino
Program (4Ps). According to teachers, there were lesser
absences of pupils because parents encouraged their pupils
to be always in school or else they might not meet the
attendance threshold per month. It has also been noted that
because parents were more informed and more careful in
the health condition of their children, lesser pupils became
sick leading them to be absent from their classes. Also,
pupils’ academic performance was noted to have improved
because of their attendance in their classes (dela Torre,
2016).
Foreign Studies
Aside from this, Latin American CCT programs have other
design features worth considering. For instance, pilot
programs of several variations of the CCT program have
been successful in Bogota, Colombia, where the approach of
postponing a lump-sum payment to ensure enrollment in a
higher level did not affect attendancerates.Inadditionto the
standard CCT program, they implementeda savingsCCTand
graduation CCT. Mexico also provided incentive for those
who finish high school before the age of 22. This targeting
not only of young but also of older children has a bearing on
program impact—and that is, the program will likely lead to
greater point percentages in school participationofchildren
in the older age range. True enough, studies show that CCT
programs have greater impact on older than on younger
children. A study on the case of Colombia showsthattheCCT
program increased school participation of children 14–17
years old quite substantially—by 5 to 7 percentage points.
On the other hand, the program had lower effect on the
enrollment rate of younger children—only by about 1 to 3
percentage points
In the case of Brazil, a study showed greater impact on the
enrollment of older children (i.e., thoseinGrades5to8)than
of younger children (i.e., Grades 1 to 4) (Glewwe & Kassouf,
2010) .In Mexico, an International Food Policy Research
Institute (IFPRI) study showed that thelargestimpactswere
reported on children going to secondary school. An increase
of over 20 percent in enrollment of girls and 10 percent for
boys was observed. An important element of these CCT
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programs is their targeting design. These programs target
the extremely poor (Table 2). The Bolsa Familia of Brazil
targets extremely poor households (i.e., those earning less
than BRL 60 or USD 34 per capita monthly) regardlessofthe
household composition; there is no conditionality required
for childless, extremely poor households.
This is in addition to the conditional monthly transfer that
the program provides to poor families (i.e., those earning
less than BRL 120 or USD 68 per capita) with children aged
0–17 and/or a pregnant woman with up to a maximum of
three children (Soares, Ribas, & Osorio, 2010) .The
Oportunidades (formerly known as Progresa) started in
rural communities, targeting extremely poor households. It
later expanded to cover the extremely poor in urban areas.
Colombia also targeted extremely poor households in
selected communities. The duration of the programs vary
(Table 3). In Mexico, there is a recertification every three
years. If the beneficiary remains eligible, they continue with
the program for four (for urban areas) or six (rural or
semirural) more years.After thisperiod,theyaretransferred
to the Differentiated Support Schemeforthreeyears,subject
to compliance with program conditionalities. In Brazil, the
recertification is carried out every two years. As long as the
beneficiaries meet the eligibility criteria, they are entitledto
the grants provided by the Bolsa Familia.
Further, Protecting and helping the poor and vulnerable is
one of the social protection programs which government is
bound to establish and sustain (Jensen, 2009) .Social
protection is commonlyunderstoodas“all publicandprivate
initiatives that provide income or consumption transfers to
the poor, protect the vulnerable against livelihood risks and
enhance the social statusandrightsofthemarginalised;with
the overall objective of reducing the economic and social
vulnerability of poor, vulnerable and marginalised groups
(Devereux & Sabates-Wheeler, 2004).
Demographic characteristics including age and gender and
their contributory effect on students’academicperformance
have been studied widely (Rabgay, 2015). On other hand,
(Okoh, 2010) examined the influence of age and gender on
academic performance of high school students and found
that gender and age were not significant correlated of
academic performance. However, there are studies that
report of a strong statistical correlation between age and
gender and academic performance (Al-Mutairi, 2011).From
these contrasting findings it may be concluded that the
relationships between demographic features of students
(such as gender and age) and their academic achievement
appear to be inconsistent in different empirical studies
(Rabgay, 2015) .In addition, (Martinez & Guevara, 2017)
stated that majority of the children of Pantawid Progarm
were female while the minority were male.
Socio-economic status is one of the major factors studied
while predicting academicperformanceandmostcommonly
determined by combining parents’ educational level,
occupational status and income level ( (Rabgay, 2015). He
further stated that parent’s education as an important
predictor of students’ academicperformance. Onotherhand,
(Yip, 2013) found that there were clear differences in the
learning and study strategies used by high school students
with high academic performance, compared to those with
low academic performance.
In addition, Socio-Economic Status (SES) and education of
parents have a significant role in the overall academic
performance of the students (Farooq, Chaudhry, Shafiq, &
Berhanu, 2011). Additionally (Montilla, Delavin, Villanueva
JR., & Turco, 2015) stated that occupation of the
beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 68%
of the occupation of parents is housekeeper/housewife and
they are unemployed and 1% of them are fish vendor,
student and carpenterandtheremainingpercentagebelongs
to the farmers.
Moreover, monthly income of the couple of the member of
pantawid program revealed that that majorityoftheparents
respondents has an income of four thousand four hundred
one pesos (P 4,401.00) to seven thousand eighthundredone
pesos (P 7,801.00) while the minorityoftherespondents has
an income of eleven thousand two hundred three pesos (P
11,203.00) to fourteen thousand six hundred three pesos
(P14, 603.00) (Martinez & Guevara, 2017). In addition, the
income of the 4P’s parents revealed from 1-500 of 52% of
respondents. Findings revealed that they have a low income
and it’s only enough for their foods. However, findings also
show that there are parents saidtheyhavea monthlyincome
of Php 500 to Php 5,000 (Memo, Muhammad, & Muhammad,
2010).
Family occupation status have impact on students’
educational performance at secondary schools level (Memo,
Muhammad, & Muhammad, 2010). They found that there
was significance relationship betweenfamilyoccupationand
students’ academic performance in matriculation
examination. Students whose fathershavebetteroccupation
performed well in matriculation examination than those
students whose fathers have a less prestigious occupation.
Fathers with the high occupation are in a better condition to
assist and encourage their children toward educational
attainment. In addition, (Usaini & Abubakar, 2015) stated
that there is significant relationship between family
occupation and academic performance. Based on the
findings they reject the null hypothesis and conclude that
family occupation has a great influence on students’
academic performance.
In addition, (Michael, 2013) in his study using LASSI
(Learning And Study Strategy Inventory) to examine the
relationship between academic performance of 260 high
school students and their respective learning and study
strategies, found that there were clear differences in the
learning and study strategies used by high school students
with high academic performance than those with low
academicperformance. Students’learningandstudystrategy
has consistently been an important predictor of students’
academic performance. The relationship between students’
learning and study strategies and their academic
performance.
Many researchers have introduced and studied various
leadership that concentrate onhowto motivatestudents and
embody academic performance. There had been much
literature accumulated in the academic public and private
school which explored the concept ofacademicperformance
in the context of secular institutions. Academic performance
reported that performance is affected by different factors
such as learning abilities, gender and race (Hanson, 2000).
On other hand, (Mckenzie & Schweitzer, 2001) conducted
that a prospective studies to explore the psychosocial,
cognitive, and demographic predictors of academic
performance of first year students. Resultsdemonstratethat
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previous academic performance was identified most
significant predictors of school performance.
In addition, that attitude towards attendanceinclasses,time
allocation for studies, parents’ level of income, mother’s age
and mother’s education were main factors that affect
academic performance of students (Shahzadi & Ahmad,
(2011). Additionally, academic performance can be
estimated for any student by its home environment and
learning skills and also by its academic interaction, study
habits, and home environment (Shahzadi & Ahmad, 2011)
.Further stated initiatives in academic activities like
(Presentation, Quiz and Assignments) and up-to date their
self with academic matters (Course objectives, Course
outlines, Week plan), then they can enhance their academic
Performance.
Academic performance is important across all levels of
education in Bhutan. It is an important criterion for
promotion of students from onegradetoanother.Secondary
level education is the most crucial stage in the life of
students as they make an important transition to tertiary
education. Academic performance determines how
successfully students make this transition (Kimani, Kara, &
Njagi, 2013) .On other hand, students who do well in their
secondary education are able to secure admission to good
colleges and universities. Academic performance also
decides students’ job placement. Students who have high
academic scores in their tertiary education have more
opportunities to choose their future jobs and get paid a
higher salary. While high academic performance has
numerous positive impacts, poor academic performance
could have unfortunate consequences for students,teachers
and society at large (Rabgay, 2015)
More, (Kimani, Kara, & Njagi, 2013) poor academic
performance at secondary school undermines students’
chances of joining institutions of higher learning and
jeopardizes opportunities for job placement, and in most
cases reduces an individual’s active participationin national
development. On other handd, it is a problem that isinimical
to the well-being of a society as it impedes the smooth
actualization of the purpose of education, which is to
mentally prepare an individual for service to self and to the
society (Adeyemi, 2014). Further, (Liem, 2001) claim that
students who have poor academic records would find it
difficult to cope in a competitive society.
Moreover, data reveals that on the level of progress and
academic performance of children of 4P’s beneficiaries, 5 or
6% did not meet expectations with the average grades of 74
and below for SY 2016-2017, while 3 or 5% for SY 2017-
2018. 21 or 24% got fairly satisfactory with the average
grades of 74-79 for SY 2016-2017 while 24 or 38% for SY
20172018. 29 or 33% got satisfactory with the average
grades of 80-84 for SY 2016-2017, while 24 or 38% for SY
2017- 2018. 23 or 26% got very satisfactory with the
average grades of 85-89 for SY 2016- 2017 while 9 or 14%
for SY 2017-2018. 9 or 10% got outstanding with the
average grades of 90-100 for SY 2016-2017, while 4 or 6%
for SY 2017-2018 (Sasaki, Diaz, & Brazal, 2018) .
Besides that, the learning environment is also crucial for
students’ academic performance (Che Ahmad, Shaharim, &
Abdullah, 2017). They further stated that the level of
teacher-student interaction, the suitability of learning
environment, the student learning commitment and the
biology learning comfort were positive. There was also a
relationship between student teachers interaction, the
suitability of the learning environment and learning
commitment with the learning comfort and improve
academic performance. Further analysis also showed that
the two main factors thatcontributedtothelearningcomfort
and academic performance were learning commitment and
the learning environment.
In addition, (Ebele & Olofu, 2017) found out that there is a
significant relationship between study habits and students'
academic performance. On other hand, (Rezaie, Seyed,Reza,
Chehrzad, & Kazem, 2017) investigated the relationship
between the Study habits and the Academic performance of
Medical Sciences Students found out the significant
relationship between the study habits of students and their
academic performance. Similarly, (Siahi & Maiyo, 2015)
studied study habits and academic achievement of students
also found out that a positive relationship between study
habits and academic performance. The results implied that
the study habits need a significant attention if we are to
improve performance. Furthermore, (Chilca, 2017) studied
on the study habits and academic performance among
university students in Peru concluded that study habits do
influence academic performance.
Generally, the respondents have a moderate level of study
habits as evidence of the computed grand mean of 3.14. This
implies that the students have not yet developed high
positive attitudes towards the setofskillswhichwill prepare
themselves better for their academics. Hence, the need to
further improve the study habits of students will help them
become better learners. Mark & Howard (2009) highlight
that poor study habits are the most common challenge for
students. Furthermore, academicperformancewill behighly
affected by the student’s study habits and ability to plan,
keep to a study time table, regulate engagements in
extracurricular activities, select when to read and maintain
consistency in his/her study pattern. (Atsuwe & Moses,
2017)
Learning Skills Student behavior and learning are the
important factors in student’s academic success and
retention (Shahzadi & Ahmad, (2011). On other hand,
(Soares, Guisande, Almeida, & Paramo, 2009) stated that if
we aim to increase student’s academic success in higher
education institutions, we must focus on interventions
directed towards learning strategies, a fact which suggests
the need to develop programs. In addition, as cited by
(Shahzadi & Ahmad, (2011) that increased time spent on
learning activities yields increased learning, provided that
the teacher was competent and that the learning activities
were effectively designed and implemented. Anothertheory
that guided us was concept mapping. Concept mapping is a
method in which the learner links new knowledge to a
framework of relevant concepts that the learner already
knows.
Likewise, knowledge of the learning skills can provide
implications to curriculum design allowing teachers to
implement a learner-centered curriculum model in the
classroom (Magulod, 2018). On other hand, (Dalmolin,
Mackeivicz, Pochapski, Pilatti, & Santos, 2018) suggest that
determining the learning skills of students will ultimately
improve their educational experience. Previous exiting
literature confirms that learning skill predict students’
academic performance. In addition, (Jiraporncharoen,
Angkurawaranon, Chockjamsai, Deesomchok, &
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Euathrongchit, 2015) studied learning skills and academic
performance of undergraduate students in Thailand found
out a positive association between the two. Additionally,
(Barman, Aziz, & Yusoff, 2014) also studied thelearningskill
awareness and academicperformanceofstudentsconcluded
that students ‘awareness of their strengths such as learning
skill and how to utilize their strengths may improve their
academic performance.
This finding of the study validates (Vaishnav, 2013) stating
that there is a positive association between learning skills
and academic performance. In like manner, (Abidin, Rezaee,
Abdullah, & Singh, 2011) observed the significant
relationship between overall academic achievement and
learning skill. In addition, study revealed that most of the
students have assessed themselves to have a moderate level
of all the study habits and skills identified (Magulod, 2018).
On other hand, (Adeninyi, 2011) states that having a good
study habits will develop students to have a higher level of
aspiration to pursue a career. In addition, (Fielden, 2004)
also confirms that good study habits facilitate students to
have higher skill outcomes. In consonance, (Jones, 2005)
suggest that educators need to beinformedon whatlevel the
students attain independent learning skills and habits.
Furthermore, the strongest path is the home environment
which affects the learningskillsandultimatelylearningskills
lead to affect the academic performance. Theyfurtherstated
that students can achieve high academic performance by
focus on learning skills and shows that academic
performance depends on learning skills(Shahzadi&Ahmad,
(2011).
Academic Interaction activities like advising could increase
students' involvementintheirschool experiences.Public and
private schools could use strategic planning to design
advising programs based on relationships of shared
responsibility and focused on students' success (Shahzadi&
Ahmad, (2011). Further stated positive outcomes of high
school and on the diverse needs of students making up
today's student population on junior high school suggests
that a new look at advising is needed. Findingslink academic
advising directly and indirectly to contact between faculty
and students and persistence in high school. Furthermore,
classroom behavior and academic interactionswhichinturn
affect academic performance (Farrington, Roderick,
Allensworth, Nagaoka, Keyes, & Johnson, 2012) .
Likewise, the interactions with peer groups are helpful for
quality performance in secondary education as friends
having similar future plans get inspired by each other and
perform better (Yousuf, Imran, Sarwar, & Ranjha, 2011). On
other hand, Student's academic performance may be
influenced by their faculty's attributes as they interact
closely with their lecturers in their day-to-day interactions
(Arora & Singh, 2019) .In addition, Rahimpour and
Magsoudpour (2011) studied teacher-students interactions
in task-based vs. form-focused instruction and found that
students are motivated towards completionofa task whenit
is different and stimulating. In their study, Schwerdt and
Wuppermann (2008) stated that the students' achievement
is influenced by effective teaching practices. Moreover, Lee
and Rha (2009) concluded that the interactions and
discussions of students with lecturerandthefellowstudents
are important for the effective learning.
In the same manner, Rahimpour and Magsoudpour (2011)
interactions between teachers and students and also
interactions among students will facilitate language
development and will lead to better language learning.
Added to this, study of Hall & Walsh as cited by (Eisenring &
Margana, 2019) state that in language classrooms,
interaction takes on an especially significant role in that it is
both the medium through which learning is realized and an
object of pedagogical attention. They add that through their
interactions with each other, teachers and students
construct a common body of knowledge. Besides that, they
also serve mutual understandings of their roles and
relationships, and the norms and expectations of their
involvement as members in their classrooms.
Moreover, (Yanfen & Yuqin, 2010) state that the success of
teaching depends to a large extent on the way teacher talk
and interactions that occur between teachers and students.
It means that the teachers should control the quantity of
their talk in the classroom. They should balance the
interaction with the students as good as possible, in other
words, they should influence the classroom with student-
centered approach. In addition,ShahzadiandAhmad,(2011)
which stated that academic performance depends on
academic interaction and academic interaction depends on
study habits and home environment. They further stated
that academic performance can be estimatedforanystudent
by its home environment and learning skills and also by its
academic interaction, study habits, and home environment.
Further, Teacher-student interactionisessential toestablish
good relationship between teacherandstudent(CheAhmad,
Shaharim, & Abdullah, 2017). However, Den Brok, Fisher,
and Scott, (2005) ;and (Dhindsa, 2006) argued that teachers
dominated the interactions in the classroom. According to
Kamaruddin (2007) a total of 60.7% of students said that
teachers rarely treat students friendly and the mastery of
interpersonal skills and communication practices between
teachers and students was unsatisfactory. In addition, Good
interaction between teachers and students will create
positive relationships in the classroom and contribute to
effective learning and academic performance. In fact,
effective teachers can assess changes in students’ behaviour
and understand the needs of students in the classroom (Che
Ahmad, Shaharim, & Abdullah, 2017) .
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method
This study used the documentary and descriptive-
correlation method of research. Documentary method as
used for the academic performance of the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) beneficiaries and
descriptive-correlation was used to determine the
relationship between factors affecting the academic
performance and the academic performance of the
respondents.
The data gathered included the profile of respondents (sex,
combined monthly family income and head of the family
occupation), level of academic performance of respondents,
and the factors affecting the academic performance.
Statistical Treatment of the data
Frequency count, percentage,and cumulativefrequency
percent were used to find the profile of the respondents in
terms of sex, combined monthly family income and head of
the family occupation.
Percent was calculated by getting the frequency of each
category divided by the total number of respondents.
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Formula:
Percent
s
Respondent
Total
category
each
of
Frequency
=
Weighted mean was used to answer Problem No. 2.
Computation was performed by getting the product of the
weight of the scale and the frequency of each scale divided
by the total respondents using the formula:
Weighted Mean = ∑wx
N
Where: ∑ = Summation
X = Frequency of each scale
W = Weight of each scale
N = Total Number of Respondents
Weighted mean for the academic performance indicators
were given qualitative description within the established
limit as follows:
Weight
Level of
Performance
Range of
Values
Description
5 90-100 4.21 – 5.00 Outstanding
4 85 – 89 3.41 – 4.20
Very
Satisfactory
3 80 – 84 2.61 – 3.40 Satisfactory
2 75 – 79 1.81 – 2.60
Fairly
Satisfactory
1 Below 75 1.00 – 1.80
Did not meet
Expectations
Weight Range of Values Description
5 4.21 – 5.00 Outstanding
4 3.41 – 4.20 Very Satisfactory
3 2.61 – 3.40 Satisfactory
2 1.81 – 2.60 FairlySatisfactory
1 1.00 – 1.80 DidnotmeetExpectations
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) fortheproblemnumberfour
was used to test the significant difference in the academic
performance of the respondents when they are grouped in
terms of profile. The formula is presented below:
Where:
F = f-value
MSB= and MSW =
SSB= sum of squares between groups
SSW = sum of squares within group
K = number of groups
N = n1 + n2 + … + nk= sum of sample sizes for groups
To test the significant relationship between the factors
affecting academic performance andacademicperformance,
t-test between means was used. The formula is presented
below:
Where:
Xn = Weighted Mean
F = Frequency
W = Weight
N = Number of respondents
T-test: This was used to test the differences on the Factors
Affecting Academic Performance when analysed as to their
sex. The formula below is used:
Where:
X1 = Mean of the first group
X2 = Mean of the second group
SD1 = standard deviation of the first group
SD2 = standard deviation of the second group
N1 =number of cases in the first group
N2 = number of cases in the second group
The data that were collected forthisstudywereencoded and
analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS version 17.0), Statistical Minitab (Version 12 and 13),
Simplified Statistics for Beginners Software, and Microsoft
Excel Data Analysis Tool Pak. Statistical test was performed
at 0.05 level of significance.
4. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
OF DATA
This chapter presents the data intabularforms,analyzesand
interprets the results. The presentation, analysis and
interpretation of the data were arranged in accordancewith
the order of the problems presented in the first chapter.
Problem 1.What is the profile of the respondents in
terms of sex, combined monthlyfamilyincome,and head
of the family occupation?
Table 2 Profile of Respondents in terms of Sex
Sex Frequency Percent
Male 95 52.49
Female 86 48.51
Total 181 100.00
Table 2 presents the profile of respondents intermsofsex. It
shows that 95 or 52.49 percent are male while 86 or 48.51
percent are female. This finding implies that majority of the
respondents are males.
Table 3 Profile of Respondents in terms of Combined
Monthly Family Income
Combined Monthly Family
Income
Frequency Percent
1.00-1,000 55 30.39
1,001 to 2,000 34 18.78
2,001 to 3,000 38 20.99
3,001 to 4,000 26 14.36
4,001 to 5,000 15 8.29
5,001 and above 13 7.18
Total 181 100.00
Table 3 shows the profile of respondents in terms of combined monthly family income. As shown in the table, 55 or 30.39
percent of the respondents are within the 1.00 to 1,000 income bracket, 38 or 20.99 percent are within 2,001 to 3,000 income
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bracket and only 13 or 7.18 percent are within 5,001 and above income bracket. The income of the parents revealed from 1-
500 of 52% of respondents. Further, this data is also opposite of the findings of (Montilla, Delavin, Villanueva JR., & Turco,
2015) that the income of the 4P’s parents revealed from 1-500 of 52% of respondents. They have a low income and it’s only
enough for their foods. However, findings also show that there are parents who said they have a monthlyincomeof Php500to
Php 5,000.
Table 4 Profile of Respondents in terms of Head of the Family Occupation
Head of the Family Occupation Frequency Percent
House Husbands 8 4.42
House Wife 34 18.78
Farmer 57 31.49
Fish/Street Vendor 23 12.71
Carpenter 16 8.84
Driver 10 5.52
Others 33 18.23
Total 181 100.00
Table 4 reveals the profile of the respondents in terms of head of the family occupation. The data revealed that 57or31.49per
cent of respondents’ head of the family are farmers, 33 or 18.23per cent are under othersornotspecified,8or4.42 percentare
house husbands.
Problem 2. What is the level of academic performance of the respondents in terms offinal gradeinthepreviousgrade
level?
Table 5 Students’ Level of Academic Performance in terms of Final Grade in the Previous Grade Level
Weight Range of Grades Frequency Percent Descriptor Overall Mean Remarks
5 90 – 100 8 4.42 Outstanding
2.96 Satisfactory
4 85 – 89 45 24.86 Very Satisfactory
3 80 – 84 60 33.15 Satisfactory
2 75 – 79 68 37.57 Fairly Satisfactory
1 Below 75 0 0.00 Did not meet Expectations
Table 5 presents the level of students’ academic performance in terms offinal gradein thepreviousgradelevel.Gradesranging
90 to 100 are outstanding, 85 to 89 very satisfactory, 80 to 84 satisfactory, 75 to 79 fairly satisfactory, and below 75 did not
meet expectations (DepEd Order no. 8, s. 2015) .
As shown in the table, 8 or 4.42 percent of the respondents got outstanding grades, 45 or 24.86 percent wereverysatisfactory,
60 or 33.15 percent were satisfactory, 68 or 37.57 percent were fairly satisfactory, and there were no respondents got grades
below 75. The overall mean of the respondent’s level of academic performance was 2.96 and described as satisfactory. This
finding manifested that the performance level of the respondents in terms of final grade in the previous grade level was
satisfactory. The result is supported by the findings of Sasaki, Diaz, & Brazal (2018) that level of academic performance of4P’s
students got satisfactory with the average grades of 80-84 for SY 2016-2017.
Problem 3. What are the factors that affect the academic performance of the respondents in terms of home
environment, study habits, learning skills, and academic interactions?
Table 6 Factors Affecting the Respondents Academic Performance in terms of Home Environment
Factors on Home Environment Mean Description
1. Support by Home 4.21 Strongly Agree
2. Facilities by Family 3.86 Agree
3. Encouragement by Family 4.34 Strongly Agree
Overall Mean 4.13 Agree
Table 6 presents the factors that affect the academic performance of the respondents in terms of home environment. As
presented in the table, the respondents strongly agreed “Support byHome”and“EncouragementbyFamily”withtheweighted
means of 4.21 and 4.34 respectively. While “Facilities by Family” obtained a weighted meanof3.86anddescribedasagree.The
overall mean is 4.13 and is described as agree. This finding implies that the respondents agreed that home environment really
affects their academic performance. Further, home environment is oftentimes manifested among Grade VIII students’
recipients. The result of the study is in consonance with the findings of Ajila and Olutola (2007) which stated that home
environment affects the individual academicperformancesincetheparentsarethefirstsocializingagentsinanindividual’slife.
Table 7 Factors Affecting Respondents Academic Performance in terms of Study Habits
Factors on Study Habits Mean Description
1. Time management for getting a good grade 4.24 Strongly Agree
2. Schedule Proper time for study 3.93 Agree
3. Avoid interference in planned schedule of study 3.71 Agree
4. Fully concentrated during study 4.05 Agree
5. Proper revision of notes 4.12 Agree
Overall Mean 4.01 Agree
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Another factor considered in this study is on study habits. As shown in table 7, the respondents strongly agreed on “Time
management for getting a good grade” with a weighted mean of 4.24. Schedule proper time for study, avoid interference in
planned schedule of study, fully concentrated during study, and proper revision of notes obtained weighted means between
3.41 to 4.20 and described as agree. The overall mean is 4.01 and is described as agree. This finding implies that the
respondents agreed that study habits really affecttheiracademicperformance.Further,studyhabitsareoftentimesmanifested
among Grade VIII student-recipients. The results of the finding is in conformity with the study of Atsuwe and Moses (2017)
which stated that academic performance will be highly affected by the student’sstudy habitsandabilitytoplan,keeptoa study
time table, regulate engagements in extracurricular activities, select when to read and maintain consistency in his/her study
pattern.
Table 8 Factors Affecting Respondents Academic Performance in terms of Learning Skills
Factors on Learning Skills Mean Description
1. Critical attitude towards new concepts 3.99 Agree
2. Presentation skills 4.12 Agree
3. Influence of presentation skills on academic performance 3.98 Agree
4. Reading of material on course content 4.09 Agree
5. Express concept through Writing 4.07 Agree
6. Confidence as Junior High School student 4.44 Strongly Agree
Overall Mean 4.12 Agree
Table 8 reveals the factors affecting the students’ academic performance in termsoflearningskills.Asrevealedinthetable,the
respondents strongly agreed on “confidence as Junior High School student” with a weighted mean of 4.44. While other items
obtained weighted means between 3.99 to 4.12 and described as agree.
The overall mean is 4.12 and still described as agree. This finding impliesthattherespondentsagreedthatlearningskillsreally
affects their academic performance. Further, learning skills are oftentimes manifested among Grade VIII students-recipients.
The results of study is parallel to findings of (Shahzadi, and Ahmad, 2014) that learning skills lead to affect the academic
performance and academic performance depends on learning skills.
Table 9 Factors Affecting Respondents Academic Performance in terms of Academic Interaction.
Factors on Academic Interaction Mean Description
1. Influence of Interpersonal relationship on academic growth 4.09 Agree
2. Effect of academic interaction with Students 3.98 Agree
3. Opportunities to meet faculty members 3.97 Agree
4. Interaction with teachers outside the classroom 3.85 Agree
Overall Mean 3.97 Agree
The last factor considered in this study is on academic interaction. As shown in table9 the respondents agreed to all factors
under academic interaction with weighted means between 3.99 to 4.12 and described as agree.
This finding implies that the respondents agreed that academic interaction really affectstheiracademicperformance.Further,
academic interaction is oftentimes manifested among grade VIII students-recipients. The finding is supported on the
pronouncement of Farrington, et al., (2012) which stated that classroom behaviour and academic interactions which in turn
affect academic performance.
Table 10 Summary of Factors Affecting Respondents Academic Performance
Factors Affecting Academic Performance Mean Description
A. Home Environment 4.13 Agree
B. Study Habits 4.01 Agree
C. Learning Skills 4.12 Agree
D. Academic Interaction 3.97 Agree
Overall Mean 4.06 Agree
Table 10 depicts the summary of factors affecting students’ academic performance. As depicted in the table, the respondents
agreed that home environment, study habits,learningskills,andacademicinteractions arethefactorsthataffecttheiracademic
performance with weighted means between 3.97 to 4.13 and described as agree.Theoverall meanis4.06andstill describedas
agree. This finding implies that the respondents agreed that home environment, study habits, learning skills, and academic
interaction really affects their academic performance. Further, home environment, study habits, learning skills, andacademic
interaction are oftentimes manifested amonggradeVIIIstudent-recipients.Theresultsofthestudyissupportedbythefindings
of Shahzadi, and Ahmad, 2014) which indicated that academic performance depends on academic interaction and academic
interaction depends on study habits, home environment and learning skills and also by its academic interaction, study habits,
and home environment.
Problem 4. Is there significant difference in the level of academic performance of respondents whenthey aregrouped
in terms of Sex, combined Family Income and Head of Family Occupation?
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Table 11 Test of Difference in the Level of Academic Performance of Respondents when they are grouped in terms
of Sex
Sources of
Variation
Sum of
Squares
Degrees
of Freedom
Mean Sum
of Squares
Computed
F-value
Critical F-
Value
Interpretation Decision
Between
Groups
8.10 1 8.10
0.026
5.318 at
0.05 level of
significance
Not signifi-
cant
Accept
Ho
Within
Groups
2512.80 8 314.10
Table 11 presents the test of difference on the level ofacademicperformanceof respondentswhentheyaregroupedintermsof
sex using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or F-test. As presentedinthetable,thecomputedF-valueis0.026whichdidnotexceed
the critical F-value of 5.318 at level of significance of 0.05.
This means that there is no significant difference in the level of academic performance of the respondents when they are
grouped in terms of sex. This finding implies that the final rating obtained by male and female respondents in the previous
grade level did not significantly differ. Thus the null hypothesis is accepted. The results of study is parallel of the findings
(Okoh, 2010) that age and gender on academic performance of high school students and found that gender and age were not
significant correlated of academic performance.
Table 12 Test of Difference in the Level of Academic Performance of Respondents when they are grouped in
terms of Combine Family Income
Sources of
Variation
Sum of
Squares
Degrees
of Freedom
Mean Sum
of Squares
Computed
F-Value
Critical F-Value Interpretation Decision
Between
Groups
246.97 5 49.39
1.300
2.621 at 0.05
level of
significance
Not significant
Accept
Ho
Within
Groups
912.00 24 38.00
Table 12 shows the test of difference in the level of academic performance of respondents when they are grouped in terms of
combined family income using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or F-test. As shown in the table, the computed F-Value is 1.300
which is less that the critical F-value of 2.621 at 0.05 level of significance. This means that there is no significant difference in
the level of academic performance of the respondents when they are groupedintermsofcombinedfamilyincome. Thisfinding
indicates that the final rating obtained by the respondents of different combined family income in the previous grade level did
not significant differ. Thus the null hypothesis is accepted. The results of study is opposite of the findings of Simmons et al.
(2005) concluded that family income level, attending full time, receiving grant aid and completing advanced level classes in
high school having statistically significant effects on academic students’ performance.
Table 13 Test of Difference in the Level of Academic Performance of Respondents when they are grouped in
terms of Head of Family Occupation
Sources of
Variation
Sum of
Squares
Degrees
of Freedom
Mean Sum
of Squares
Computed
F-Value
Critical F-Value Interpretation Decision
Between
Groups
328.57 5 65.71
1.695
2.621at 0.05
level of
significance
Not Significant Accept Ho
Within
Groups
930.40 24 38.77
Table 13 reveals the test of difference in the level of academic performance of respondents when they are grouped in terms of
head of the family occupation using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or F-test. As revealed in the table, the computed F-value is
1.695 which is less than the critical F-value of 2.621 at 0.05 level of significance. This means that there is no significant
difference in the level of academic performance of the respondents when they are grouped in terms of head of the family
occupation. This finding implies that the final rating obtained by the respondents of differentheadofthefamilyoccupationdid
not significantly differ. Thus, the null hypothesis is accepted. The results of study is opposite of the findings (Memo,
Muhammad, & Muhammad, 2010) stated that there was significance relationship between family occupation and students’
academic performance in matriculation examination. Further, the results is also opposite the findings of In addition, (Usaini&
Abubakar, 2015) stated that there is significant relationship between family occupation and academic performance.Basedon
the findings the null hypothesis was rejected and concluded that family occupationhasa greatinfluenceonstudents’academic
performance.
Problem 5. Is there a significant relationship between the factors affecting the academic performance and
academic performance of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) beneficiaries?
Table 14 Test of Relationship between the Factors Affecting the Academic Performance (Home Environment) and
Academic Performance
Variables Mean Computed r Computed t Critical t Interpretation Decision
Home Environment vs
Academic Performance
4.13
2.96
-0.32 -4.52
1.96 at 0.05 level of
Significance w/ df=179
Not Significant Accept Ho
Table 14 shows the test of relationship betweenthestudents’homeenvironmentandtheiracademicperformance. Themeanof
home environment is 4.13 while the mean of academic performance is 2.96. The computed Pearson r value is -0.32 which
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denotes negative slight correlation. When this value is subjected to correlated t-test, it yielded a computed t-value of -4.52
which is less than the critical t-value of 1.96 at 0.05 level of significance with degree of freedomof179.Thismeansthatthereis
no significant relationship between the home environment and the academic performance of the respondents. It can be
deduced that the hypothesis of no significant relationship is accepted. This finding implies that respondents’ academic
performance is not dependent on the home environment. The results of study is oppositeofthefindingsof(Simmons,Musoba,
& and Choong, 2005) which indicated that home environment has a connection with academic performance.
Table 15 Test of Relationship between the Factors Affecting the Academic Performance (Study Habits) and
Academic Performance
Variables Mean
Computed
r
Computed
t
Critical t Interpretation Decision
Study Habits
vs
Academic Performance
4.01
2.96
-0.09 -1.21
1.96 at 0.05 level of
Significance w/ df=179
Not Significant Accept Ho
Table 15 depicts the test of relationship between the students’ studyhabitsandtheiracademicperformance.Asdepictedinthe
table, the mean of study habits is 4.01 while the mean of academic performance is 2.96. The computed Pearsonris-0.09which
denotes negative negligible correlation. When this value is subjected to correlated t-test, it resulted to a computed t-value of -
1.21 which is less than the critical t-value of 1.96 at 0.05 level of significance with 179 as degree of freedom. This means that
there is no significant relationship between the students’ study habitsandtheiracademicperformance. Thus,thehypothesisof
no significant relationship is accepted. This finding implies that students’ academic performance is not dependent on study
habits. The results of the study is positively opposite the findings of (Siahi & Maiyo, 2015) which indicated study habits has a
positive relationship between academic performance of students. The results implied that the study habits need a significant
attention if we are to improve performance.
Table 16 Test of Relationship between the Factors Affecting the Academic Performance (Learning Skills) and
Academic Performance
Variables Mean
Computed
r
Computed
t
Critical t Interpretation Decision
Learning Skills
vs
Academic Performance
4.12
2.96
-0.16 -2.17
1.96 at 0.05 level of
Significance w/ df=179
Not Significant Accept Ho
Table 16 presents the test of relationship between the students’ learningskillsandacademicperformance.Aspresentedinthe,
the mean of learning skills is 4.12 while the mean of academic performance is 2.96. The computed Pearson r is -0.16 which
denotes negative negligible correlation. This means that there is no significant relationship between the learning skills and
academic performance of the respondents. It can be concluded that the hypothesis of no significant relationship is accepted.
This finding implies that the respondents’ academic performance is not dependent on their learning skills. The results of the
study is opposite the findings of (Jiraporncharoen,Angkurawaranon,Chockjamsai,Deesomchok,&Euathrongchit, 2015)which
indicated learning skills and academic performance of high school students found out a positive relationshipbetweenthetwo.
Table 17 Test of Relationship between the Factors Affecting the Academic Performance (Academic Interaction)
and Academic Performance
Variables Mean
Computed
r
Computed
t
Critical t Interpretation Decision
Academic Interaction
vs
Academic Performance
3.97
2.96
-0.08 -1.07
1.96 at 0.05 level of
Significance w/ df=179
Not significant Accept Ho
Table 17 shows the test of relationship between the students’academicinteractionandtheiracademicperformance.Themean
of academic interaction is 3.97 while the mean of academic performance is 2.96. The computed Pearson r value is -0.08 which
denotes negative negligible correlation. When this value is subjected to correlated t-test, it yielded a computedt-valueof-1.07
which is less than the critical t-value of 1.96 at 0.05 level of significance with degree of freedomof179.Thismeansthatthereis
no significant relationship between the academic interaction and the academic performance of the respondents. It can be
deduced that the hypothesis of no significant relationship is accepted. This finding implies that respondents’ academic
performance is not dependent on the academic interaction. The result of thestudyisoppositethefindingsof(Den Brok,Fisher,
& Scott, 2005) which indicated that academic interaction has a significant relationship with academic performance.
5. SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the brief summary of the wholestudy.
It presents the problems under investigation, the findings of
each problem, the conclusions and the recommendations
based on the data gathered and analyzed.
Summary
This study aimed to assess the academic performance of the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) beneficiariesof
the Grade VIII Students in Dipolog City Division, South
District and to determine its relationship with academic
performance.
Specifically, this study soughtto answer the following
questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1. sex;
1.2. combined monthly family income; and
1.3. head of the family occupation?
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2. What is the level of academic performance of the
respondents in terms of final grade in the previous
grade level?
3. What are the factors that affect the academic
performance of the respondents in terms of:
3.1. Home Environment;
3.2. Study Habits;
3.3. Learning Skills; and
3.4. Academic Interactions?
4. Is there significant difference in the level of academic
performance of respondents when they are grouped in
terms of:
4.1. sex;
4.2. combined monthly family income; and
4.3. head of the family occupation?
5. Is there a significant relationship between the factors
affecting the academic performance and academic
performance of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4Ps) beneficiaries?
In order to answer the abovementioned questions, the
researchers employed a documentary and descriptive-
correlation method of research using a questionnaire
checklist. The respondents of the study were the Grade VIII
students of Dipolog City Division South District particularly
Punta National High School, Alberto Q. Ubay Memorial Agro-
Tech Science High School (AQUMATSHS), Pamansalan Eco-
Tech High School and Cogon National High School for the
school year 2019-2020.There were 389 recipients of 4Ps in
Grade VIII of South District however there were only 181
students selected through lottery sampling. Statistical tool
that the researchers used were frequency counting,
percentage, cumulative frequency percent, weighted mean,
analysis of variance, t-test and pearson r.
Findings
The following findings were revealed:
1. Fifty-two point forty-nine percent (52.49%) of the
respondents are male and forty-eight point fifty-one
(48.51%) are female.
2. The level of academicperformanceoftherespondentsin
terms of final grade in the previous grade level are
satisfactory. This implies that the respondents need all
factors to attain excellent level.
3. Thirty point thirty-nine percent (30.39%) of the
students have the combined family income of Php1.00 -
Php 1,000.00, eighteen point seventy-eight percent
(18.78%) have the combined family income of Php
1,001.00 – Php 2,000.00, twenty point ninety-nine
percent (20.99%) have the combined family income of
Php 2,001.00 – Php 3,000.00, fourteen point thirty-six
percent (14.36%) have the combined family income of
Php 3,001.00 – Php 4,000.00, eight point twenty-nine
percent (8.29%) have the combined family income of
Php 4,001.00 – Php 5, 000.00, and seven point eighteen
percent (7.18%) have the combined family income of
Php 5,001.00 above. Based on the result that mostofthe
members of pantawid program has income of Php1.00 -
Php 1,00.00 which is belong to the poorer family.
4. Four point forty-two percent (4.42%) head ofthefamily
occupation are house-husbands,eighteen pointseventy-
eight percent (18.78%) head of the family occupation
are house-wives, thirty-one point forty-nine percent
(31.49%) head of the family occupation are farmers,
twelve point seventy-one percent (12.71%) head of the
family occupation are fish/street vendors, eight point
eighty-four percent (8.84%) head of the family
occupation are carpenters, five point fifty-two (5.52)
percent head of the family occupation are drivers and
eighteen point twenty-three percent (18.23%) head of
the family occupation are others. Four point forty-two
percent (4.42%) of the respondents earned 90-100
grades, twenty-four point eighty-six percent (24.86%)
earned 85-89 grades, thirty-three point fifteen percent
(33.15%) earned 80-84 grades, thirty-seven point fifty-
seven percent (37.57%) earned 75-79 grades and zero
percent (0%) earned below 75 grades.
5. The respondents rated the home environment as agree
with an overall mean of 4.13.
6. Based on the home environment component, the item
with the highest weighted mean is “Encouragement by
Family” with a mean of 4.34.
7. Based on the home environment component, the item
with the lowest weighted mean is “Facilities by Family”
with a mean of 3.86.
8. The respondents rated the study habits as agreewithan
overall mean of 4.01.
9. Item 1 “Time management for getting a good grade”
obtained the highest weighted mean of 4.24.
10. Item 3 “Avoid interferencein plannedscheduleofstudy”
obtained the lowest weighted mean of 3.71.
11. The respondents rated the learning skills as agree with
an overall mean of 4.12.
12. Item 6 “Confidence as Junior High School student”
obtained the highest weighted mean of 4.44.
13. Item 3 “Influence of presentation skills on academic
performance” obtained the lowest weighted mean of
3.98.
14. The respondents rated the academic interaction as
agree with an overall mean of 3.97.
15. Item 1 “Influence of Interpersonal relationship on
academic growth” obtained the highest weighted mean
of 4.09.
16. Item 4 “Interaction with teachers outside the
classroom” obtained the lowest weighted mean of 3.85.
17. In summary, the home environment factors obtained
the highest mean of 4.13 which described as agree. On
the other hand, academic interaction obtained the
lowest mean of 3.97 and still described as agree.
18. There is no significant difference in the level of
academic performance of 4Ps beneficiaries when
respondents are grouped in terms of sex.
19. There is no significant difference in the level of
academic performance of 4Ps beneficiaries when
respondents are grouped in terms of combined family
income.
20. There is no significant difference in the level of
academic performance of 4Ps beneficiaries when
respondents are grouped in terms of head of the family
occupation.
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21. There is no significant relationship between the home
environment and the academic performance of the
respondents.
22. There is no significant relationship between the
students’ study habits and the academic performanceof
the 4Ps beneficiaries.
23. There is no significant relationship between the
learning skills and academic performance of the 4Ps
beneficiaries.
24. There is no significant relationship between the
academic interaction and the academic performance of
the respondents.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were
drawn:
1. Majority of the respondents are male;
2. Majority of the respondents are having the combined
family income of Php 1.00 to Php 1, 000.00;
3. Majority of the respondents’ head of the family
occupation are farmers;
4. The study found out that in general respondents’level of
academic performance in term of their final grades in
the previous grade level is satisfactory;
5. The study found out that among the factors, home
environment has the highest degree of effectiveness
with an overall mean of 4.13. Students strongly agreed
that support by home and encouragement by family
really affects their academic performance since the
parents are the first socializing agents in an individual’s
life;
6. It is also found that all 4 factors described in the study
are deemed to have no significant effectontheacademic
performance of the students with an overall mean of
4.06 which interpreted as agree. This implies that all
factors such as home environment, study habits,
learning skill, and academic interaction have nopositive
effect on academic performance;
7. There is no significant differenceinthelevel ofacademic
performance of the respondents when theyaregrouped
in terms of sex. Thus, null hypothesis is accepted. This
finding implies that the final rating obtained by male
and female respondents in the previous grade level did
not significantly differ. Thismeansthatthedemographic
profile has no connection on academic performance;
8. There is no significant differenceinthelevel ofacademic
performance of the respondents when theyaregrouped
in terms of combined family income. This finding
indicates that the final rating obtained by the
respondents of different combined family income in the
previous grade level did not significantlydiffer.Thusthe
null hypothesis is accepted. This means that family
income of the respondents is not significantlyrelatedon
academic performance;
9. There is no significant differenceinthelevel ofacademic
performance of the respondents when theyaregrouped
in terms of head of the family occupation. This finding
implies that the final rating obtainedbytherespondents
of different head of the family occupation did not
significantly differ. Thus, the null hypothesisisaccepted.
This means that family occupation is negatively related
on academic performance;
10. There is no significant relationship between the home
environment and the academic performance of the
respondents. It can be deduced that thehypothesisof no
significant relationship is accepted. This finding implies
that respondents’ academic performance is not
dependent on the home environment. This means that
home environment has no important connection with
academic performance;
11. There is no significant relationship between the
students’ study habits and their academic performance.
Thus, the hypothesis of no significant relationship is
accepted. This finding implies that students’ academic
performance is not dependent on study habits. The
results implied that the study habits need a significant
attention if we are to improve performance. This means
that study habits has no important connection with
academic performance;
12. There is no significantrelationshipbetweenthelearning
skills and academic performance of the respondents. It
can be concluded that the hypothesis of no significant
relationship is accepted. This finding implies that the
respondents’ academic performance is not dependent
on their learning skills. This means that learning skill
has no important connection with academic
performance; and
13. There is no significant relationship between the
academic interaction and the academic performance of
the respondents. It can be deduced that the hypothesis
of no significant relationship is accepted. This finding
implies that respondents’ academic performance is not
dependent on the academic interaction. Thismeansthat
academic performance can stand without academic
interaction.
Recommendations
Based on the results of the research, the researchers
suggested the following recommendations to the
Department Social WelfareandDevelopment,Departmentof
Education, teachers, parents and students:
1. On satisfactory level rating of academic performance of
students-respondents suggest that there is room for
improvement by raising it up to excellent.
2. The results indicates that the top level management of
the Department of Education should formulate policies
and standards for intervention programs and strategies
need to be introduced to improve and empower
students through extensive intervention programs and
crafting possible solutions for excellent academic
performance of students-recipients.
3. The agree level results of home environment, study
habits, learning skills and academic interaction of
students-recipients suggest that there is still room for
improvement by raising it to strongly agree.
4. The results indicate that Department of Education
officials should formulate policies and standards for
Intervention programs that could seek toimproveitand
provide technical expertise that partly linked to sound
decision-makingandtheperformanceofresponsibilities
in a skilled way. However, home environment, study
habits, learning skills, and academic interaction should
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be more improved by crafting possible solutions by
pushing up into a strongly effects of academic
performance of students-recipients.
5. The Department of Social Welfare and Development
shall not only impose strict compliance of the school
attendance but also impose policy for strict monitoring
of grades and academic performance of the 4P’s
students. Further the studentswill bemotivatedtolearn
and also the parents can improve the home
environment, study habits, learning skills and academic
interaction of the children in the classroom.
6. DSWD should monitor and supervise the students
recipients like visiting and observing inside the room.
Ensuring that all the assistance may provide were used
in a good manner.
7. The school should also report right away to Department
of Social Welfare and Development the grades and
academic performance of 4P’s students satisfactoryand
below so that they can follow up immediately the
parents and the students.
8. 4Ps should introduce more parent and family growth pr
eparation and survival services. (FDS) because they
have acquired a great deal of knowledge and are
improving as a teacher and helping their kids improve
their success from satisfactory to excellent.
9. The government should raise the educational allowance
of the 4 Ps beneficiaries to provide the supplies as it
lowers compensation when it comes to educational
expenses such as school participation, initiatives and
others that found a lot on the students ' academic
performance contributing to an outstandingproduction
that respects abilities and appreciates their hard work.
It will allow them to inspire deeply and positively
towards their study and academic performance.
10. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)
beneficiaries must always have an interest in studying
through the development of study habits at homeandin
school, in order to avoid low grades in class, to avoid
delay in going to school, to carry out the teacher's
assignment and to demonstrate proper time control in
supporting their parents and incarryingouttheirschool
duties.Lastly, the teacher's contextualization and interpr
etation of the subjects will help students understand the
learning skills easier.
11. The researchers also hope thatthisstudyshouldbeused
as a basis of policy for the improvement of grades and
academic performance of 4P’s students by raising it up
from satisfactory to excellent. Further, the result of the
study should be used as a basis of further research with
a larger populations that 4P’s students will be well
represented.
Proposed Policy: Policies for Strengthening the
Academic Performance of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program (4P’s) Beneficiaries of High
School Students
Academic Performance Policies
All Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)
beneficiaries of High School Students must maintain a grade
of 90 or better general percentage average (GPA) to be
considered in good academic performance and must not
earn more than 85 general percentage average (GPA). An ad
hoc academic performance evaluationcommittee maybe set
up if the student's performance needs to be reviewed.
The Academic Performance Improving Protocol is as
follows:
1. Any Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)
beneficiaries of High School Students who earn a grade
failure or below 75 for a subject will be referred for
consideration by the Committee;
2. Any Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)
beneficiaries of High School Students whose cumulative
grade point average is below 80 will be referred for
consideration by the Committee;
3. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)
beneficiaries of High School Students with a cumulative
general percentage average (GPA) below 80 in the
school year before graduation will be referred for
consideration by the committee.;
4. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)
beneficiaries of High School Students who stay below
the cumulative 80 general percentageaverage(GPA)for
2 consecutive school years will be subject to scrutiny by
the Committee;
5. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)
beneficiaries of High School Students who have 75 and
general percentage average (GPA) below 80 will be
subject to scrutiny by the Committee;
6. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)
beneficiaries of High School students with more than 2
missing grades in one school year may be subject to
scrutiny by the committee.Studentswhodonotrespond
to the request for the appropriate academic review are
at risk of dismissal of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program (4P’s) beneficiary program.
The protocol for Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4P’s) beneficiaries High School students warnings are
as follows:
1. Those with a cumulative general percentage average
(GPA) of between 75 and 79 or fairly satisfactory will
receive an academic warning;
2. All with 75 and a cumulativegeneral percentageaverage
(GPA) of 79 or reasonably adequate shall obtain an
academic warning;
3. Students with a cumulative general percentage average
(GPA) 76 or fairly satisfactory in the school yearpriorto
graduation will receive an academic warning.
4. Students who receive an academic warning will be
referred to the Advisor. In this case, a formal analysis
would not be required.
5. The advisor has only to address the issues with the
student and come up with an informal action plan.
6. The principal's office will inform students by formal
letter at the end of each school year if academic
assessments are necessary on the basis of their general
percentage average (GPA) .
A. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)
beneficiaries High School students are then asked to
contact their adviser so that a formal evaluation
committee can be set up.
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B. Apart from general percentage average (GPA) -based
evaluations, any faculty member can recommend a
review to any student considered to be in academic
difficulty who appears to have engaged in improper
behavior in violation of thePantawidPamilyangPilipino
Program (4P’s) Policy and the Student Disability Policy
or the Student Rights and Responsibilities Code.
C. Written referrals for approval shall be submitted to the
DSWD office, which shall forward the submission to the
Chair of the Committee. Relevant questions should be
raised in the referral.
Composition of Academic Standards Review Committee
shall consist of the following:
1. Three (3) members of the faculty, plus the adviser.
2. The Principal shall serve as Chair of the review
committee.
3. The DSWD workers will act as vice-chairmen of the
evaluation committee.
4. In situations where the principal is on leave, the
Assistant Principal shall assumetheresponsibilityofthe
Principal in this matter.
5. In situations where the members of the committee are
specifically interested in the matter of grade, they will
be excused from participating and the Chair will find an
alternative for the analysis by the faculty with feedback
from the student.
This committee is meant to act as a problem-solving
committee and is not designed to be an opponent. The
role of such a committee shall be as follows:
1. he evaluation committee established academic
performance issues for 4P recipients of high school
students;
2. Examine issues about student actions that are contrary
to the standards for actions of the DSWD as set out in
the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s) Policy;
3. Recommend to the head of DSWD a course of actionthat
arrives from Committee deliberations with the student.
4. The Chair shall convene the Committee, if necessary,
within 2 weeks of receipt of the requestfor examination.
5. When setting the time fora meeting,thechairpersoncan
demonstrate to the student the existence of therelevant
concerns.
6. The student and the committee should be present at the
conference. The Faculty and otherpartieswhomayhave
relevant information to share about the particular issue
may be invited by the Chair to request that information.
7. The Chair shall send a report of findings with a
recommendation to the DSWD Head Office within one
week of the study.
8. The head of the DSWD shall inform the student and the
faculty of the referral of any subsequent decisions
within one week of the recommendation of the
committee.
9. The School may want to change this procedure if this is
suggested by the severity of the issue (e.g. separation
from the 4P scholarship program).
10. All meetings / decisions should include humanistic
ideals, with the understanding that the Department of
Education is committed to balancing the well-being and
future of the student.
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