About common Zoonoses
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World Zoonoses Day, observed on July 6th, aims to raise awareness of zoonotic diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Some key zoonotic diseases described in the document include rabies, Japanese encephalitis, brucellosis, anthrax, tuberculosis, plague, leptospirosis, Q fever, toxoplasmosis, and leishmaniasis. These diseases are transmitted through bites from infected animals, mosquitoes, contact with infected bodily fluids or meat, or exposure to parasites. Zoonotic diseases cause over a billion cases of human illness and millions of deaths worldwide each year, resulting in direct economic losses of $2 billion and indirect losses of over $20 billion
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The Impact of Instructional Design on Medical School Curriculum
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The document discusses the role of an instructional designer at the University of Illinois College of Medicine in Chicago. It describes how the instructional designer helps improve the medical school curriculum through evidence-based best practices, feedback loops, and future planning. The designer analyzes course evaluations, observes teaching, and collaborates with faculty to enhance learning materials and instructional methods using frameworks like ADDIE and backward design. Evaluation data is used to identify areas for improvement and gauge the impact of changes made. The goal is to continually refine the curriculum and help faculty develop as effective educators.Viewers also liked (20)
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Similar to About common Zoonoses
Zoonotic diseases
A short capitulation of various prevalent Zoonotic diseases seen in India. Bassically notes for Microbiology lectures.
Anthrax
This document provides an overview of anthrax, including its history, epidemiology, causative organism, transmission, clinical manifestations, management, prevention and control. It notes that anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis spores and primarily affects herbivores. The most common form is cutaneous anthrax, which presents as a characteristic skin lesion. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin. Prevention strategies include vaccinating animals and properly disposing of infected carcasses.
African swine fever
Etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
Community health nursing 1 mahir
This document discusses zoonotic diseases and focuses on rabies. It states that rabies virus is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals like dogs, bats, and other wildlife. It causes fatal inflammation of the brain and is nearly always fatal once symptoms appear. The virus has an incubation period of 2-8 weeks. Early symptoms are pain or tingling at the bite site. Later symptoms involve neurological dysfunction like anxiety, confusion and paralysis. Diagnosis involves clinical observation and lab tests. Treatment focuses on wound cleaning, rabies immunoglobulin, and rabies vaccines. Control involves vaccination of pets, limiting contact with wildlife, and proper handling of animals.
Community health nursing 1 mahir
This document discusses zoonotic diseases and focuses on rabies. It states that rabies virus is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals like dogs, bats, and other wildlife. It can be transmitted to humans through bites or scratches. Symptoms start with pain and tingling at the bite site then progress to neurological symptoms like anxiety, confusion and eventually paralysis. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, antigen detection or virus isolation. Treatment involves wound cleaning, rabies immunoglobulin, and rabies vaccines. Risk groups include animal handlers. Control involves vaccination of pets, limiting wildlife contact, and proper animal handling.
Zoonosis
Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. They are caused by a variety of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and prions. Farm animals like cattle, pigs, and poultry are common carriers and their waste, meat, and bodily contact can transmit diseases. Diseases are often spread through everyday contact with infected animals, their byproducts, contaminated food or soil, bites and scratches. Some common zoonotic diseases are rabies, West Nile virus, salmonellosis, and toxoplasmosis. Proper hygiene, cooking, vaccination, and avoiding contact with wild animals can help prevent transmission of zoonotic diseases.
Transboundary diseases and animal welfare concerns
Interest in TAD has been direct towards: Socio economic and, Public Health impacts of these diseases with disregard to the welfare of the animals. Decision to initiate control efforts has always ben dictated by the impacts of these diseases to health and livelihoods. Disease causes pain to animals, which is a welfare issue that requires urgent addressing.
Vector Borne Zoonoses
Zoonoses (Greek “zoon” = animal) are the diseases or infections that are naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. This group of infections constitutes significant burdens on global public health. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 25% of the total 57 million annual deaths that occur globally are caused by microbes with a major proportion occurring in the developing world (Chugh, 2008). Of total identified 1,415 species of infectious organisms known to be pathogenic to humans (including 217 viruses and prions, 538 bacteria and rickettsia, 307 fungi, 66 protozoa and 287 helminths), zoonotic agents constitute 868 (61%), with humans serving as the primary reservoir for only 3% of them. Of the 175 diseases considered to be emerging, 132 (75%) are zoonotic in origin (Taylor et al., 2001). In low income countries, established and emerging zoonoses make up 26 % of the DALYs (Disability-adjusted life year) lost to infectious disease and 10 % of the total DALYs lost. In contrast, in high income countries it represent < 1 % of DALYs lost to infectious disease and only 0.02 % of the total disease burden (Grace et al., 2012).
Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious diseases between humans or from animals to humans. Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species, such as mosquitoes, ticks, triatomine bugs, flies, fleas, sandflies, and blackflies (Confalonieri et al., 2007). Among these mosquitoes are the best known disease transmission vectors for many of the fatal and diseases of economic burden. Vector-borne diseases account for 17% of the estimated global burden of all infectious diseases (CDC, 2014). Every year > 1 billion people are infected and > 1 million people die from vector-borne diseases including malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis, Japanese encephalitis and onchocerciasis. One sixth of the illness and disability suffered worldwide is due to vector-borne diseases with more than half the world’s population currently estimated to be at risk of these diseases. Global trade, rapid international travel, unsustainable urbanization, environmental changes such as climate change and emerging insecticidal and drug resistances, are causing vectors and vector-borne diseases to spread beyond borders (WHO, 2014).
Canine Distemper
Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that affects multiple carnivore species. It is characterized by fever, respiratory and gastrointestinal issues, and neurological complications. While vaccination has reduced cases, it remains a major disease. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and infected bodily fluids. Puppies and unvaccinated dogs are most at risk. Treatment focuses on supportive care, though the virus can cause lasting issues in survivors. Widespread vaccination is important to control the disease.
ASF.pptx
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease of pigs that was discovered in Kenya in 1921 and is now endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and Sardinia island. It was first reported outside of Africa in Portugal in 1957. The virus is transmitted through direct contact and soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. Clinical signs vary from sudden death to high fever and hemorrhaging. There is no vaccine or treatment available, so control relies on quarantine, movement restrictions, and depopulation of infected herds. ASF poses a major threat to global pork production.
Zoonoses and preventionsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
This document discusses zoonoses, which are diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. It notes that the majority of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic. It describes several common zoonotic diseases transmitted via fecal-oral routes (such as Salmonella and E. coli), inhalation (such as histoplasmosis), direct contact (such as brucellosis), vectors like mosquitoes (West Nile virus), and penetrating wounds (such as rabies). Prevention strategies focus on hygiene, food safety, avoiding sick or stray animals, and controlling vectors.
Pathogens.ppt
This document discusses different types of pathogens that can cause disease in animals. It defines pathogens as microbes or agents that cause disease. The main types of pathogens discussed are bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and prions. For each type, examples are provided of diseases they cause along with associated symptoms. Common bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoal diseases affecting multiple body systems in animals are outlined. The document provides an overview of pathogens and infectious diseases in a veterinary context.
Rabies: a fatal zoonotic threat
Rabies is entirely preventable, and vaccines,
medicines, tools, and technologies have long
been available to prevent people from dying of
dog-mediated rabies. Nevertheless, rabies still
kills about 60 000 people a year, of whom over
40% are children under 15, mainly in rural areas
of economically disadvantaged countries in Africa
and Asia. Of all human cases, up to 99% are
acquired from the bite of an infected dog.
Bovine tuberculosis
This document summarizes information about bovine tuberculosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis. It primarily affects cattle but can infect many other species. Humans can contract it through ingesting unpasteurized dairy or inhaling infected aerosols. Control relies on test and slaughter programs along with pasteurization. Outbreaks in wildlife pose challenges. While treatable in humans, it remains an occupational hazard for farmers and abattoir workers in areas where bovine tuberculosis is endemic.
VETERINARY public health assign. on leptospirosis by Dr. CHANDRA SHEKHAR GODA...
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Medical entomology "the need to know about little creatures"
This document provides an overview of medical entomology. It defines entomology and medical entomology, and discusses the importance of studying arthropods that affect human and animal health. It covers the classification of medically important arthropods like mosquitoes, flies, ticks, mites and sand flies. The document discusses different disease transmission cycles and highlights important vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, filariasis, kala azar and diseases transmitted by the house fly. It also provides details on the biology, identification and control of major vector species like Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, sand flies and the house fly.
Rabies
The document provides information about rabies including its definition, causes, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It defines rabies as a viral disease affecting the nervous system that is fatal if not treated. The rabies virus is transmitted via saliva, usually through animal bites. Symptoms start with fever and pain at the bite site then progress to neurological symptoms. Diagnosis involves biopsy of skin or antibody tests. Post-exposure prophylaxis within 7 days of exposure can prevent onset of disease. Vaccination and avoiding contact with wild animals are key prevention methods.
AH presentaton on disease of cattle causes,symptoms
This document presents a presentation on cattle diseases given by 8 presenters. It discusses what disease is, defines several common cattle diseases like brucellosis, anthrax, mastitis, black quarter, foot and mouth disease, lumpy skin disease, bovine babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, milk fever, and ruminal tympany. For each disease, it describes the causative agent, symptoms, treatment, prevention, and control measures. In conclusion, it states that cattle diseases have wide-ranging impacts and prevention through vaccination and biosecurity is key to minimizing their effects.
Pig and pork zoonoses in Uganda
Presented by Kristina Roesel at a training course for pig farmers organized by Pig Production and Marketing Uganda Ltd., Matuga, Uganda, 15 February 2014.
Animal bite
The document discusses animal bites and rabies in Kuwait. It describes rabies disease and transmission, the epidemiology of animal bites in Kuwait from 2012-2016 which were mostly from dogs and cats, and the public health burden. It outlines the animal bite surveillance system in Kuwait which monitors post-exposure prophylaxis use, epidemiology, and immunity to help mitigate human risk of rabies. Proper management of animal bites including wound treatment, vaccination, and immunoglobulin can prevent rabies, which without treatment, is almost always fatal.
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Transboundary diseases and animal welfare concerns
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Zoonoses and preventionsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
VETERINARY public health assign. on leptospirosis by Dr. CHANDRA SHEKHAR GODA...
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Medical entomology "the need to know about little creatures"
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AH presentaton on disease of cattle causes,symptoms
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The lecture is a compilation of disinfectants, their characteristics, and uses in the context of Farm Hygiene
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This presentation is adopted from the review on "Milk and Health" that summarizes the evidence for the benefits and possible risks associated with the consumption of cow’s milk. The authors describe the relationship of milk consumption to the risks of fracture, obesity, cardiovascular disease, allergies, and various cancers.
Water borne diseases
- Globally over 1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water and 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation. The lack of sanitation in India is responsible for 100,000 child deaths annually and stunting in 48% of children.
- Climate change, through heavy rainfall, sea level rise, flooding, higher temperatures and drought, increases exposure to waterborne infectious diseases by transporting pathogens and contaminating water sources.
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- Prevention and control methods include improving water quality,
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A comprehensive insight on Nipah virus, its characteristics, historical outbreak including recent Kerala outbreak and prevention and control measures.
Microbiological Standards For Meat
The document discusses microbiological criteria for meat products. It defines microbiological criteria and explains that criteria are used to define the acceptability of processes, products, or food lots based on the absence, presence, or number of microorganisms and/or toxins in samples. Criteria can be used by individual establishments or to set national baselines. The document also outlines important foodborne hazards, terms related to microbiological standards, sources of meat contamination, and indicator tests used to monitor meat safety.
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2. Determining the appropriate biosafety level involves assessing the risk group of the pathogen, transmission routes, available treatments, and the types of procedures being conducted. Higher biosafety levels have more stringent laboratory practices, facilities, and personal protective equipment to prevent exposure and containment breaches.
3. Effective biosafety is founded on risk assessment and informed understanding of containment through practices like proper use of biosafety cabinets, personal protective equipment, and facility design. Compliance with biosaf
Food terrorism and biocrimes
The document discusses bioterrorism and food security. It defines bioterrorism as the deliberate release of biological agents to harm or kill people. Public health leads the response to bioterrorism attacks with support from law enforcement. The document outlines strategies to prevent, intervene in, and respond to threats to food security, including focusing inspections based on risk and improving detection systems. It also provides recommendations for food establishments to manage security through procedures, supervision, and mail screening.
Understanding Colloquial laboratory workhorse: Escherichia coli
This is the basic approach to cover the multi facets of E. coli with description of different pathotypes in detail
Economics of animal diseases
This document discusses the economics of animal diseases through several modeling approaches. It begins by outlining how animal diseases can cost 10% of gross production and 40-50% of net income on farms. It then discusses various modeling techniques that can be used to study the economics, including simulation and optimization models. Specific examples are provided on partial budgeting, cost-benefit analysis, and decision tree analysis. The document also provides background on foot-and-mouth disease and describes an epidemic simulation model that was developed to evaluate control strategies for outbreaks.
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Description about recent outbreak of Ebola virus in West African countries with history, pathogenesis, clinical signs and prevention measures of Filoviruses are presented in comprehensive manner.
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Transboundry Zoonotic Diseases
This document discusses transboundary zoonotic diseases from an Indian perspective. It begins by defining transboundary zoonotic diseases and providing some examples. It then discusses several major disease outbreaks and pandemics that have impacted India and the world, including plague, cholera, avian influenza, Nipah virus, and SARS. It notes factors that have contributed to the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases, such as population growth, increased trade and travel, agricultural intensification, and environmental changes. The document emphasizes that India's large population, biodiversity, agricultural sector, and trade relationships make it vulnerable to zoonotic diseases and their impacts.
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About common Zoonoses
- 1. “World Zoonoses Day– 6th July” Zoonotic diseases Transmission (routes of spread) Animal involved Clinical forms (signs in man) Disease burden /year (no. of cases/deaths) Rabies (Virus) Bites of rabid dog (mainly), cats, monkeys, racoons Canines (mainly Dogs) Two forms: • Furious rabies • Paralytic rabies • Global : 55,000 deaths • India : 20,000 deaths (highest in world) Japanese Encephalitis (Virus) Mosquito bites Pigs Birds Encephalitis, tremors & convulsions (mainly children) • Global : 67,900 cases • India : 1714- 6594 cases Brucellosis (Bacteria) Raw milk of infected animals, Contact with abortion cases/dung Broad range (mainly ruminants) Recurrent fever, fatigue, arthritis, testicle swelling and endocarditis • Global : 5, 00,000 cases • India : Widely prevalent (ranks 6th in world) Anthrax (Bacteria) Contact with infected hide, Spore inhalation, Eating infected meat Ruminants highly susceptible • Cutaneous anthrax, • Pulmonary anthrax • Intestinal form. • Global : 100,000 cases • India : 2000-20,000 cases Tuberculosis (Bacteria) Contaminated raw milk and aerosols Bovines Fever, coughing, emaciation, weakness or fatigue • Global : 9.6 million cases • India : 2.2 million cases Plague (Bacteria) Bite of flea (found on body of rats & cats) Rodents Pus filled lymph nodes, pneumonia & cyanosis •Global : 1000-5000 cases in last 20 years Leptospirosis (Bacteria) Walking in/drinking water having rat urine Rodents (mainly rats) High fever, jaundice, red eyes & rashes, kidney failure • Global : 500,000 cases • India : Endemic Q- fever (Bacteria) Breathing in air infected with abortion Domestic animals Pneumonia, abortion, arthritis, hepatitis Worldwide (except New Zealand) Toxoplasmosis (Parasite) Eating food infected with cat faeces Felines (mainly cats) Abortion, mental retardation, retinitis •Global : 190,100 cases of Congenital toxoplasmosis Leishmaniasis (Parasite) Bite of sandfly (blood sucking insect) Dog Disfiguring skin scars, Enlarged spleen • Global : 130 lakhs cases : 25000 deaths 1 billion cases of illness & Millions of deaths every year Direct losses - $2 billion/year Indirect losses ->$20 billion/yr Farm/pet animals/birds reservoirs PREVENTION & CONTROL Animal diseases 75% New human diseases Human Wild life reservoirs 1,415 human diseases (868 are zoonoses) 217 Viruses & Prions 538 Bacteria & Rickettsia 307 Fungi 66 Protozoa 287 Helminths` Awareness about Zoonotic diseases !!! (Issued by: Division of Veterinary Public Health, IVRI) ZOONOSES are infectious diseases naturally transmissible between animals and humans • Total human infections - 1415 • Total Zoonotic infections - 868 (61%) • Total Emerging diseases -175 • Emerging Zoonoses -132 (75%) Vaccinate animals Control insects & rats Follow hygiene Eat cooked, clean & covered foods Keep your surroundings clean Losses due to zoonoses