The One Health approach recognizes that human health, animal health, and environmental health are interconnected. It aims to attain optimal health for people, animals, and the environment through collaboration across multiple disciplines. Key agencies like FAO, OIE, and WHO have developed strategic frameworks to foster cooperation between sectors. Case studies demonstrate how delayed or lack of coordination between human and animal health sectors increased costs and impacted control of diseases like Nipah virus. Antimicrobial resistance is another issue that requires a One Health approach.
Presented by Habibur Rahman and Vijayalakshmy Kennady (ILRI) at the Strategy Workshop on Foodborne Diseases, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi, India, 21 November 2019
Presented by Hung Nguyen-Viet and Jakob Zinsstag at a technical workshop of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) regional initiative on One Health, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–13 October 2017.
One Health – an interdisciplinary approach in combating emerging diseasesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace and Jakob Zinsstag at the International Symposium of Health Sciences (iSIHAT 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20-21 August 2013.
Presented by Habibur Rahman and Vijayalakshmy Kennady (ILRI) at the Strategy Workshop on Foodborne Diseases, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi, India, 21 November 2019
Presented by Hung Nguyen-Viet and Jakob Zinsstag at a technical workshop of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) regional initiative on One Health, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–13 October 2017.
One Health – an interdisciplinary approach in combating emerging diseasesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace and Jakob Zinsstag at the International Symposium of Health Sciences (iSIHAT 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20-21 August 2013.
One Health approach to address zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases and ...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Hu Suk Lee, Fred Unger, Arshnee Moodley, Eric Fèvre, Barbara Wieland, Bernard Bett, Michel Dione, Edward Okoth, Johanna Lindahl, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Delia Grace at the virtual 2020 Global ODA Forum for Sustainable Agricultural Development 9–10 November 2020.
Brief introduction to the One Health concept, and beyondILRI
Presentation by Alexandre Caron, Hélène de Nys, Alexandre Hobeika and Vladimir Grosbois at the Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern Africa (COHESA) partner orientation workshop, 16 December 2021.
RABIES-A fatal but preventable viral disease is explained in detail (with exclusive pictures) in this PowerPoint presentation.
It also includes the "updates on prevention and control strategy" and "Zero by 2030-Rabies Elimination Strategy"
This was presented at seminar hall, Department of Community Medicine, IMS, Banaras Hindu University as a part of PG seminar.
(The video by Lancet included in this may not be played in this slideshare platform...one can access youtube for the same)
emerging and re-emerging vector borne diseasesAnil kumar
this presentation in about emerging and re-emerging vector borne diseases and their spatial spread with reference to time, surveillance, monitoring and management program and other difficulties and suggestions for program
Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Challenge for Joint ActionSIANI
Presented by Juan Lubroth at the seminar "Antimicrobial resistance; linkages between humans, livestock and water in peri-urban areas" at the World Water Week, 29th August 2016.
One Health approach to address zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases and ...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Hu Suk Lee, Fred Unger, Arshnee Moodley, Eric Fèvre, Barbara Wieland, Bernard Bett, Michel Dione, Edward Okoth, Johanna Lindahl, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Delia Grace at the virtual 2020 Global ODA Forum for Sustainable Agricultural Development 9–10 November 2020.
Brief introduction to the One Health concept, and beyondILRI
Presentation by Alexandre Caron, Hélène de Nys, Alexandre Hobeika and Vladimir Grosbois at the Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern Africa (COHESA) partner orientation workshop, 16 December 2021.
RABIES-A fatal but preventable viral disease is explained in detail (with exclusive pictures) in this PowerPoint presentation.
It also includes the "updates on prevention and control strategy" and "Zero by 2030-Rabies Elimination Strategy"
This was presented at seminar hall, Department of Community Medicine, IMS, Banaras Hindu University as a part of PG seminar.
(The video by Lancet included in this may not be played in this slideshare platform...one can access youtube for the same)
emerging and re-emerging vector borne diseasesAnil kumar
this presentation in about emerging and re-emerging vector borne diseases and their spatial spread with reference to time, surveillance, monitoring and management program and other difficulties and suggestions for program
Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Challenge for Joint ActionSIANI
Presented by Juan Lubroth at the seminar "Antimicrobial resistance; linkages between humans, livestock and water in peri-urban areas" at the World Water Week, 29th August 2016.
CGIAR initiative on One Health: Protecting human health through a One Health ...ILRI
Poster by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Vivian Hoffmann, Bernard Bett, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley, Javier Mateo-Sagasta, Chadag Mohan, Peter Daszak and Bassirou Bonfoh presented at the 7th World One Health Congress, Singapore, 7–11 November 2022.
The roles of livestock and farmed wildlife in preventing the next pandemic: C...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace, Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl and Dieter Schillinger at a virtual workshop on countering zoonotic spillover of high consequence pathogens, 12 July 2022.
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This session was part of the 5th World Congress on Disaster Management (WCDM), which took place in New Delhi, India, in November 2021.
PG Presentation on One Health Approach. One Health Approach in Medicine integrates human health, animal health and environmental science for offering sustainable solutions to health & diseases, food production/ safety, antimicrobial resistance etc.
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Presented by Abdelkhalik M. Montasser at a workshop on an integrated approach to controlling brucellosis in Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 29-31 January 2013.
LATHERSVETERINARY MEDICINE IN PUBLIC HEALTHCOMMENTARY COMMENTA.docxcroysierkathey
LATHERSVETERINARY MEDICINE IN PUBLIC HEALTHCOMMENTARY COMMENTARY
Role of Veterinary Medicine in Public Health:
Antibiotic Use in Food Animals and Humans
and the Effect on Evolution of
Antibacterial Resistance
Claire M. Lathers, PhD, FCP
VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH: A FRONTIER IN
THE FIGHT AGAINST HUMAN DISEASE
Veterinary public health is another frontier in the fight
against human disease.1 The veterinary public health
scope includes the control and eradication of zoonoses,
diseases that are naturally transmitted between verte-
brate animals and man. These diseases pose a continu-
ous hazard to the health and welfare of the public.
There are more than 100 diseases categorized as
zoonoses, including salmonellosis. For example, ap-
proximately 20% of U.S. broiler chickens are contami-
nated with Salmonella, while more that 80% are con-
taminated with Campylobacter.2 The veterinary public
health scope, in addition to the control and eradication
of zoonoses, also includes the development and super-
vision of food hygiene practices, laboratory and re-
search activities, and education of the public.
ANTIBIOTIC USE IN FOOD ANIMALS AND
HUMANS AND THE EFFECT ON EVOLUTION
OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE
Antibiotic Use in Food Animals:
Therapeutic and Subtherapeutic
It is important to understand how antibiotics are used
in humans and in food animals and how these uses af-
J Clin Pharmacol 2001;41:595-599 595
From the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Veterinary
Medicine, Rockville, Maryland. This commentary represents the opinion of
the author and does not reflect policy of the FDA or the U.S. government.
Presented at the American College of Clinical Pharmacology Teaching Fo-
rum, chaired by David M. Benjamin, “Educational Issues in Clinical Phar-
macology: Updating the Curriculum for the New Millennium: Who Are Our
Audiences and What Are Their Specialized Needs? One Specialized
Need: Understanding the Role of Veterinary Medicine in Public Health,”
September 19, 2000. Address for reprints: Claire M. Lathers, PhD, FCP,
Director, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary
Medicine, Room 390, HFV-100, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD
Veterinary public health is another frontier in the fight
against human disease. The veterinary public health scope
includes the control and eradication of zoonoses, diseases
that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals
and man. These diseases pose a continuous hazard to the
health and welfare of the public. More than 100 diseases are
categorized as zoonoses, including salmonellosis. It is im-
portant to understand how antibiotics are used in humans
and in food animals and how these uses affect the evolution
of antibacterial resistance. Appropriate use of antibiotics for
food animals will preserve the long-term efficacy of existing
antibiotics, support animal health and welfare, and limit the
risk of transfer of antibiotic resistance to humans. An under-
standing of the ep ...
One Health and zoonoses projects at the International Livestock Research Inst...ILRI
Presentation by Theo Knight-Jones at the Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern Africa (COHESA) partner orientation workshop, 16 December 2021.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
2. PLAN OF PRESENTATION
• Introduction
• History
• Why One Health
• Strategic framework
• Agencies working
• One Health initiatives in India
• SWOT analysis
2
3. INTRODUCTION
3
A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL does not exist in ISOLATION, we
are all a part of larger communities!
We all have different interactions with
different types of animals
Urbanization/ Migration
Wildlife habitats are disappearing and climate
is changing
Global trade is easy and global travel is fast
Giving previously isolated outbreaks pandemic
potential
6. 6
• Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases- According to estimates, there are
one million vertebrate viruses of which only 2000 are known: this represents a
―large potential for zoonotic emergence
• According to WHO, ―in 2005 alone 1.8 million people died from food-borne
diarrheal diseases like E-coli or Salmonellosis
• Even less known is that ―more than 55,000 people die of rabies each year
• An estimated 2 to 8% of the 1.6 million annual human deaths from tuberculosis
are from bovine origin
IMPACT ON HUMANS
7. 7
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
HUMAN
HEALTH
DOMESTIC
HEALTH
WILDLIFE
HEALTH
One Health in action:
•Foster collaborative relationship
between human health, animal health
and environmental health partners
•Improve communication between
sectors
•Coordinate disease surveillance
activities
•Develop uniform messaging to the
public
9. Definition
• “One Health is the collaborative effort of multiple health science
professions, together with their related disciplines and institutions –
working locally, nationally, and globally – to attain optimal health for
people, domestic animals, wildlife, plants, and our environment.’
One Health Commission, 2011
9
10. One Health approach – an integrated response to
“what needs to be done?” -- as opposed to the
classical approach based on “what can I do?”
10
11. Hippocrates- Father of
Modern Medicine
11
One Health takes inspiration from the
Greek father of medicine and is based
on his approach which recognizes that
human health, animal health and
environmental health are part of a
whole body
HISTORY
12. Rudolf Virchow- Father of
Modern Pathology
12
Coined the term ‘Zoonosis’
Between animal and human medicines there are no dividing lines
– nor should there be. The object is different but the experience
obtained constitutes the basis of all medicine
HISTORY
13. James Harlan Steele- Father of
veterinary public health
13
Led some of the first efforts to prevent the
spread of disease from animals to humans
Calvin Schwab- coined and promoted the phrase
"One Medicine", a veterinary epidemiologist and
parasitologist in his textbook "Veterinary
Medicine and Human Health"
HISTORY
14. 14
2004
• Wildlife Conservation Society- One World One Health
• 12 recommendations- Manhattan Principles
2007
• One Health Approach was recommended by AMA for Pandemic Preparedness
• The AMA collaborated with AVMA & passed the One Health Resolution
promoting partnership between human and veterinary medicine
2008
• FAO, OIE, WHO collaborate with UNICEF,UNSIC and the World Bank to develop
joint Strategic framework
2009
• USAID launched the Emerging Pandemic Threats Program
• The One Health Office was established at CDC
15. 2010
• The Tripartite concept published
• UN and World Bank recommended adoption to One Health Approach
2011
• One Health Commission
• The 1st One Health Conference in Africa
• ICOPHAI -Ethopia
2012
• First One Heath Summit
2013-17
• ICOPHAI- Brazil
• ICOPHAI- Thailand
• ICOPHAI- Qatar
15
16. Interaction Web of SDGs
Queenan K, Garnier J, Nielsen LR, Buttigieg S, Meneghi D, Holmberg M, et al. Roadmap to a One Health Agenda 2030.
CAB Reviews. 2017 ;12 (14): 5-17.
16
18. Delays increase costs
Adapted from IOM and World Bank (2009)
Exposure in
animals
Clinical signs in
animals
Exposure in
humans Clinical signs
in humans
Humans seek
medical care
Cost of control
outbreak
18
20. Disease outbreaks where poor coordination and
integration were shown between sectors and the impact
this had on the human and animal sectors
20
COUNTRY DISEASE KEY DELAYED ACTION RESULT
Malaysia Nipah Lack of interaction between human, veterinary,
and wildlife services caused delay in
understanding role of fruit tree habitat for
bat-to-swine transmission
More than 100 people died and over
1 million pigs culled
Netherlands Q Fever Lack of interaction between veterinary and
human health services
Likely increased disease spread
(more than 2,000 human cases) and
over 40,000 goats culled
USA West Nile
Fever
Delayed interaction linking human cases with
dead birds, and refusal of CDC to check birds,
because of its mandate Restrictions
Delayed and initial erroneous
control program of intermediate
host
21. EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES-
ONE HEALTH
21
COUNTRY DISEASE ACTION QUANTIFIABLE RESULTS NON-QUANTIFIABLE
RESULTS
Chad Pasteurellosis,
blackleg, and CBPP in
livestock; diphtheria,
pertussis tetanus (DPT)
and polio in Children
Joint vaccination
campaigns
Costs of joint Campaign
reduced by 15% compared
with separate
campaigns, cost
per vaccinated child
reduced from €30.3 to €11.9
Increased vaccination
coverage in both
humans and livestock
;Increased awareness
of pastoralists of public
health services
India
(Jaipur)
Rabies Vaccination and
sterilization
campaign for dogs
Human cases declined to
zero, vs. increase in other
states; stray dog population
declined 28%
-
Kyrgyzstan Brucellosis On-farm visits
detecting
brucellosis in humans
and Animals
Reduced surveillance
costs
Other zoonotic or
livestock diseases
assessed
at the same time (e.g.,
echinococcosis)
22. 22
COMPONENTS OF ECONOMIC COSTS DUE TO ZOONOTIC DISEASE
OUTBREAKS
OUTBREAK IN ANIMALS OUTBREAK IN HUMANS
DIRECT IMPACT Death from disease Medical Cost
Control measures Mortality
Lower productivity (farm losses) Morbidity
INDIRECT IMPACT Reduced demand Illness and absenteeism
Spill over effects in other sector Avoidance behaviour
25. 25
•High levels of antibiotic resistant pathogens in chickens being raised for eggs and
meat in poultry farms in Punjab
•Researchers from the US-based Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy
(CDDEP) collected samples from 530 birds in 18 poultry farms in Punjab and tested
them for resistance to a range of antibiotic medications critical to human medicine.
•Two-thirds of the farms reported using antibiotic factors for growth promotion,
according to the researchers.
•Samples from the farms, which reported using antibiotic factors, were three times
more likely to be multidrug- resistant than samples from farms that did not use
antibiotics to promote growth
•Meat farms had twice the rates of antimicrobial resistance that egg-producing
farms had, as well as higher rates of multidrug resistance.
26. Bioterrorism
• Intentional or deliberate release of viruses,
bacteria, or other agents used to cause illness
or death in people, animals, or plants
• Ex:
• Anthrax
• Small pox
• Nipah
• Botulinum toxin
26
•Bioterrorism Act of 2002- According to this law, there is an essential
element of national preparedness against bioterrorism and the focus is
on safety of drugs, food, and water from biological agents and toxins
•India is yet to have a law on bioterrorism
32. A Strategic Framework for Reducing Risks of
Infectious Diseases at the
Animal–Human–Ecosystems Interface
2008
32
33. One World, One Health- Manhattan Principles
1. Recognize the essential link between human, domestic animal and wildlife health and the threat disease poses
2. Recognize that decisions regarding land and water use have real implications for health
3. Include wildlife health science as an essential component of global disease prevention, surveillance,
monitoring, control and mitigation
4. Recognize that public health programs can greatly contribute to conservation efforts
5. Devise adaptive, holistic and forward-looking approaches to the prevention, surveillance, monitoring, control
and mitigation of emerging and resurging diseases that take the complex interconnections among species into
full account
6. Integrate biodiversity conservation perspectives and human needs when developing solutions to infectious
disease threats
7. Reduce demand for and better regulate the international wildlife and bush meat trade
8. Restrict the mass culling of wildlife species for disease control
9. Increase investment in the global human and animal health infrastructure
10. Form collaborative relationships among governments, local people, and the private and public sectors
11. Provide adequate resources and support for global wildlife health surveillance
12. Invest in educating and raising awareness among the world's people 33
34. Goal- Six Strategies
1. More preventive action at the animal–human–ecosystems interface.
2. Building more robust public and animal health systems compliant with
the IHR 2005 and OIE international standards, with a shift from short
term to long-term intervention
3. Strengthening the national and international emergency response
capabilities to prevent and control disease outbreaks.
4. Better addressing the concerns of the poor by shifting focus from
developed to developing economies
5. Promoting institutional collaboration across sectors and disciplines
6. Conducting strategic research to enable targeted disease control
programmes.
34
35. Objectives
1. Develop surveillance capacity, including the development of standards,
tools and monitoring processes at national, regional and global levels
2. Strengthen public and animal health capacity, including communication
strategies to prevent, detect and respond to disease outbreaks at
national, regional and international levels
3. Strengthen national emergency response capability, including a global
rapid response support capacity
4. Promote inter-agency and cross-sectoral collaboration and partnerships
5. Control HPAI and other existing and potentially reemerging infectious
diseases
6. Conduct strategic research
35
36. Role of international agencies in addressing global public
goods
• WHO, FAO, UNICEF and other UN agencies, and OIE have explicit
mandates to deal with global public goods
• IHR - to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health
response to the international spread of disease
• FAO and WHO share the Codex Alimentarius Commission for food and
feed standards
• FAO, OIE and WHO also define and regularly update guidelines for good
practices, methods, tools and strategies for infectious diseases, focusing
on developing countries and/or endemic areas
• Mediterranean Zoonosis Control Programme 36
37. Obligation of National Authorities
• Government authorities are obliged to contribute to the
control of infectious diseases, and this is reflected in the IHR
and OIE standards.
• All Member States of WHO and OIE are bound to participate
in global efforts to contain animal and public health risks of
international concern, including working towards full
implementation of IHR and strengthening their national
veterinary.
37
42. • The CDC is implementing both 3-month and 2-year Field Epidemiology Training Programs for
public health and laboratory personnel in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh
• FAO is implementing Field Epidemiology Training Programs programmes for veterinarians
• The USAID funded PREDICT programme led by the University of California, Davis is
implemented in Nepal, Bangladesh, and India with the aim of developing an early warning
system to detect, track, and predict the emergence of new zoonotic pathogens in animals
that could pose a threat to human health
• In India, the PHFI leads initiatives and advocacy for an integrated OH approach to research
and policy formulation for controlling zoonotic diseases
• While national multi sectoral committees have been established in India, these have not yet
translated into effective collaborative research or policy formulation
42
McKenzie JS, Dahal R, Kakkar M, Debnath N, Rahman M, Dorjee S, et al. One Health research and training and government support for One
Health in South Asia. Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. 2016; 3 (1).
INITIATIVES
46. Missed opportunity
• 460 medical colleges and 46 veterinary colleges in India, but most do
little or no research
• The Indian subcontinent is a ‘hotspot’ for zoonotic, drug-resistant and
vector-borne pathogens. But we know little about the key threats
• Governance structure and inter-sectorial coordination is also
problematic, with human, animal and environmental health controlled
by different ministries, with little cross-talk
• National Health Policy approved recently is also a missed opportunity. It
fails to even mention “zoonoses” and “emerging infectious diseases”
Emerging infectious diseases, One Health and India- The Hindu
46
48. Roadmap to Combat Zoonoses in India
• Roadmap to Combat Zoonoses in India Initiative (RCZI)- June 2008
• Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI) - Nodal Agency
• Core technical partners- University of North Carolina (UNC)
Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University (NCSU) & RTI
International
• Part of several national and international networks working on
Zoonoses control and promotion of One Health approaches:
– National Standing Committee on Zoonoses
– Connecting Health Organizations for Regional Disease Surveillance (CHORDS)
– ASEF Europe Network of Public Health
48
54. METRICS
HOW TO MEASURE ONE HEALTH
• DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) are meaningful for public
health in that they measure the overall human disease burden,
but they convey no information about ecosystem impacts or
poverty.
• Similarly, disease incidence and prevalence in either animals or
people do not indicate the severity and distribution of a
disease
54
57. THREATS
• Lack of reporting
• Sporadic collection and presentation of One Health metrics
• Stakeholder behavior
• Avoidance behavior
• Cultural practices
• Funding
• leadership and human resources
• governance and infrastructure
57
58. OPPORTUNITIES
• Partnership potential
• Xenotransplantation
• Climate change research
• Planetary health
• Institutional Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and Institutional
Review Board(IRB)
58
59. COHERE standards
• designed to strengthen the quality of reporting of One Health
observational or interventional epidemiological studies that
integrate knowledge and expertise from all three domains.
• This process challenges authors, editors, and readers to
support efforts to break down publication silos, improve
collaborative reporting, and foster innovation
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