Diberikan dan disampaikan pada Seminar "Cegah Resistensi Antibiotik: Demi Selamatkan Manusia", kerjasama Kemenkes, WHO, dan Yayasan Orang Tua Peduli, didukung oleh React, 5 Agustus 2015
AMR challenges in human from animal foods- Facts and Myths.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
This presentation talks about ÄMR: A public health threat, a “silent pandemic”.
Infections caused by Antimicrobial-drug-resistant (AMR) pathogens caused >1.27 million deaths worldwide in 2019 (low level or no surveillance) and increasing year after year which may be > million in coming decades. Covid-19 caused ~6.8 million deaths in >3 years but now the pandemic is ending but the AMR pandemic has no timeline for its ending. Many deaths are also attributed to AMR pathogens.
More antibiotic use (irrespective of the sector) = More AMR.
This presentation also talks about ways and means to mitigate the AMR pandemic. 1. Stopping the blame game. All are equally responsible for the emergence of AMR, the share of developed and educated communities is much more than poor and un-educated communities.
2. Working together: On-Line Real-Time AST Data Sharing Platform for different diagnostic and research laboratories doing AST routinely.
3. Implementing not only antibiotic veterinary and medical stewardship but antimicrobial production and distribution stewardship too.
4. Educating for Environmental health not only human, plant, and animal health.
5. AMR's solution is not in searching for alternatives to antibiotics but in establishing environmental harmony.
6. More emphasis on AMR epidemiology than on AMR microbiology and pharmacology.
7. Development of understanding that bacteria and other microbes are more essential for life on earth than the human race. Microbes can live without humans, but humans can’t without microbes.
Global-Health is of prime importance than economic growth/ greediness.
Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Challenge for Joint ActionSIANI
Presented by Juan Lubroth at the seminar "Antimicrobial resistance; linkages between humans, livestock and water in peri-urban areas" at the World Water Week, 29th August 2016.
AMR challenges in human from animal foods- Facts and Myths.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
This presentation talks about ÄMR: A public health threat, a “silent pandemic”.
Infections caused by Antimicrobial-drug-resistant (AMR) pathogens caused >1.27 million deaths worldwide in 2019 (low level or no surveillance) and increasing year after year which may be > million in coming decades. Covid-19 caused ~6.8 million deaths in >3 years but now the pandemic is ending but the AMR pandemic has no timeline for its ending. Many deaths are also attributed to AMR pathogens.
More antibiotic use (irrespective of the sector) = More AMR.
This presentation also talks about ways and means to mitigate the AMR pandemic. 1. Stopping the blame game. All are equally responsible for the emergence of AMR, the share of developed and educated communities is much more than poor and un-educated communities.
2. Working together: On-Line Real-Time AST Data Sharing Platform for different diagnostic and research laboratories doing AST routinely.
3. Implementing not only antibiotic veterinary and medical stewardship but antimicrobial production and distribution stewardship too.
4. Educating for Environmental health not only human, plant, and animal health.
5. AMR's solution is not in searching for alternatives to antibiotics but in establishing environmental harmony.
6. More emphasis on AMR epidemiology than on AMR microbiology and pharmacology.
7. Development of understanding that bacteria and other microbes are more essential for life on earth than the human race. Microbes can live without humans, but humans can’t without microbes.
Global-Health is of prime importance than economic growth/ greediness.
Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Challenge for Joint ActionSIANI
Presented by Juan Lubroth at the seminar "Antimicrobial resistance; linkages between humans, livestock and water in peri-urban areas" at the World Water Week, 29th August 2016.
updated statistics about antimicrobial resistance,causes and mechanism of antimicrobial resistances, national antimicrobial policy, national antimicrobial surveillance, new delhi b metallo-lactamase-1 bacteria
Antibiotics are drugs which have saved and still saving hundreds of thousands of lives every year. Antibiotics are possibly the most vital advancement in the history of medicine and undoubtedly; they are among medicine's most prevailing sector. But the other side of the coin offers us “antibiotic resistance” which is a serious and one of the most threatening healthcare problems worldwide
Presented by Habibur Rahman and Vijayalakshmy Kennady (ILRI) at the Strategy Workshop on Foodborne Diseases, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi, India, 21 November 2019
Anti-microbial resistance has become a world health issue today. Therefore it is imperative to know about the methods of acquiring resistance and ways to deal with the situation and prevent resistance.
Sebastian Hielm: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and global health THL
Mr. Sebastian Hielm, Director of Food Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland, at One Health Security Conference, 14-15 Oct 2019, THL, Helsinki
Presentation from the 3rd Joint Meeting of the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (ARHAI) Networks, organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 11-13 February 2015
updated statistics about antimicrobial resistance,causes and mechanism of antimicrobial resistances, national antimicrobial policy, national antimicrobial surveillance, new delhi b metallo-lactamase-1 bacteria
Antibiotics are drugs which have saved and still saving hundreds of thousands of lives every year. Antibiotics are possibly the most vital advancement in the history of medicine and undoubtedly; they are among medicine's most prevailing sector. But the other side of the coin offers us “antibiotic resistance” which is a serious and one of the most threatening healthcare problems worldwide
Presented by Habibur Rahman and Vijayalakshmy Kennady (ILRI) at the Strategy Workshop on Foodborne Diseases, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi, India, 21 November 2019
Anti-microbial resistance has become a world health issue today. Therefore it is imperative to know about the methods of acquiring resistance and ways to deal with the situation and prevent resistance.
Sebastian Hielm: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and global health THL
Mr. Sebastian Hielm, Director of Food Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland, at One Health Security Conference, 14-15 Oct 2019, THL, Helsinki
Presentation from the 3rd Joint Meeting of the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (ARHAI) Networks, organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 11-13 February 2015
Studi Pengembangan Kebijakan Pengendalian Resistensi Antimikroba di Indonesiamarkovingian
Diberikan dan disampaikan pada Seminar "Cegah Resistensi Antibiotik: Demi Selamatkan Manusia", kerjasama Kemenkes, WHO, dan Yayasan Orang Tua Peduli, didukung oleh React, 5 Agustus 2015
Diberikan dan disampaikan pada Seminar "Cegah Resistensi Antibiotik: Demi Selamatkan Manusia", kerjasama Kemenkes, WHO, dan Yayasan Orang Tua Peduli, didukung oleh React, 5 Agustus 2015
Smart Use of Antibiotics (SUA) in Indonesiamarkovingian
Smart Use of Antibiotics (SUA) in Indonesia
Diberikan dan disampaikan pada Seminar "Cegah Resistensi Antibiotik: Demi Selamatkan Manusia", kerjasama Kemenkes, WHO, dan Yayasan Orang Tua Peduli, didukung oleh React, 5 Agustus 2015
FDA Antibiotic Regulation Through the DecadesFood Insight
For more than 50 years, veterinarians and producers have administered antibiotics to food animals, primarily poultry, swine, and cattle, mostly to fight or prevent animal diseases. The FDA has provided a tightly regulated framework on how antibiotics can be used in the food supply.
Presentation from the 3rd Joint Meeting of the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (ARHAI) Networks, organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 11-13 February 2015
Dr. Tom Chiller - International Activities in Antimicrobial ResistanceJohn Blue
International Activities in Antimicrobial Resistance - Dr. Tom Chiller, Associate Director for Epidemiologic Science, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from the 2014 NIAA Symposium on Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Moving Forward Through Shared Stewardship, November 12-14, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-niaa-antibiotics-moving-forward-through-shared-stewardship
David K. Robinson, Ph. D. Vice President, Biologics Head and Executive Director, Biologics and Vaccines CMC Regulatory Merck & Co, Inc.
Presenting on behalf of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IFPMA) WCBP CASS, Washington DC, USA January 2014
A recent Presentation at National Annual Review Meeting of Core Group Polio Project (CGPP) -USAID funded project, ADRA India: implementing agency with technical support from CORE Secretariat
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs - Council Recommendation on patient safe...Raimondo Villano
You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme.
The PPT gives overview of PEI, global updates on PEI, Polio end game strategy and eradication timelines, polio legacy and link with Health Systems strengthening and relevant health programes etc. The PPT was presented at National Annual Review Meeting held for 2 days in Mussoorie for Core Group of Polio Project (CGPP) -a USAID funded polio eradication initiatives. ADRA India is one of the lead implementing agency for CGPP since 2004 and it has worked for nearly 15 years in polio across states in India.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
1. AMR Global Overview
and Action Plan
Dr Khanchit Limpakarnjanarat
WHO Representative to Indonesia
Seminar on AMR, Balai Kartini, 5 August 2015
2. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-20152 |
Presentation Outline
1. Global and Regional Overview
2. The Global Action Plan on AMR
3. Framework for Action on AMR
4. Summary
3. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-20153 |
AMR …..(1)
Irrational use is main driver of selection pressure that
contributes to Antibiotic resistance:
– 50% antibiotics are prescribed inappropriately;
– 50% patients have poor compliance;
– 50% of populations do not have access to essential
antibiotics;
– 50% of antibiotics in some countries are used for
animal growth promotion;
4. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-20154 |
AMR…..(2)
Alexander Fleming, inventor of Penicillin (1881–1955)
* http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-lecture.pdf
“ The time may come when penicillin
can be bought by anyone in the shops.
Then there is a danger that the
ignorant man may easily under dose
himself and by exposing his microbes
to non lethal quantities of the drug
make them resistant..” (Alexander
Fleming, Nobel Lecture, Dec 11,
1945)*
5. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-20155 |
Global and Regional Overview…(1)
“This (AMR) is the single greatest
challenge in infectious diseases
today….This is happening in all parts
of the world, so all countries must do
their part to tackle this global threat.”
“While there is a lot to be
encouraged by, much more work
needs to be done to combat one
of the most serious global health
threats of our time…” Dr Keiji Fukuda,
WHO’s ADG for Health Security
6. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-20156 |
Global and Regional Overview…(2)
In 2013, there were estimated 480,000
new cases of MDR-TB globally with
210,000 deaths. 3.5% of new and
20.5% of previously treated TB cases
are estimated to have MDR-TB. On
average, an estimated 9% of people
with MDR-TB have XDR-TB.
As of 2010, pre-treatment resistance to
HIV among adults were about 5%. Since
then, reports suggesting that pre-
treatment resistance is increasing,
peaking at 22% in some areas;
7. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-20157 |
Global and Regional Overview…(3)
High proportions of antibiotic resistance in bacteria that
cause common infections (e.g. urinary tract infections,
pneumonia, bloodstream infections);
A high percentage of hospital-acquired infections are
caused by highly resistant bacteria such as methicillin-
resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or multidrug-
resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
9. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-20159 |
Invention of New Antibiotics
Will it be the End of the Road?
Golden Era of
Antibiotics Invention
Only few new ABs
were invented
10. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201510 |
Global and Regional Overview…(6)
WHO report on Worldwide country
situation analysis (April ‘15) focusing to
country progress on:
Comprehensive, financed national plan with
accountability and civil society engagement.
Surveillance and laboratory capacity;
Access to essential medicines of assured
quality;
Regulation and promotion of rational use of
medicines, and ensure proper patient care;
Infection prevention and control;
Innovation, research and new tools.
11. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201511 |
WHO Report 2015
Countries Involved in the Analysis
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/163468/1/9789241564946_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1
12. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201512 |
WHO Report 2015
(i) Countries with Financed National Plan
45%
13. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201513 |
WHO Report 2015
(ii) Countries with Surveillance and Lab Capacity….(1)
No and % of Member States that had conducted AMR surveillance
14. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201514 |
WHO Report 2015
(ii) Countries with Surveillance and Lab Capacity….(2)
Member States
which developed
reports on
surveillance for
antimicrobial
resistance (in the
past 5 years)
36%
15. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201515 |
WHO Report 2015
(iii) Access to Quality-assured Antimicrobial Medicines…(1)
Countries with National Regulatory Authority
81.8%
54.5%
63.6%
16. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201516 |
WHO Report 2015
(iii) Access to Quality-assured Antimicrobial Medicines…(2)
No and % of Member States that had a list of essential medicines
17. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201517 |
WHO Report 2015
(iv) Use of Antimicrobial Medicines
%
%
%
%
18. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201518 |
WHO Report 2015
(v) Promotion of Public Awaraness on AMR
No. and % of Member States that had conducted a campaign about
use of antimicrobial medicines in the previous 2 years
45.4%
19. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201519 |
WHO Report 2015
(vi) Infection Prevention and Control Programme
63.6%
81.8%
20. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201520 |
The Global Action Plan on AMR…(1)
Rationale: AMR (including antibiotic resistance, the most
urgent drug resistance trend) is occurring everywhere in
the world, compromising the ability to treat infectious
diseases.
Goal: to ensure, for as long as possible, continuity of
successful treatment and prevention of infectious diseases
with effective and safe medicines that are quality-assured,
used in a responsible way, and accessible to all who need
them.
Has been endorsed at 68th WHA (2015)
21. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201521 |
The Global Action Plan on AMR…(4)
The five strategic objectives :
1. Improve awareness and understanding of AMR
(OneHealth);
2. Strengthen the knowledge and evidence base through
surveillance and research (human and animal);
3. Reduce the incidence of infection (IPC);
4. Optimize the use of antimicrobial agents (action plan);
and
5. Develop the economic case for sustainable investment
in new medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other
interventions (med, diagnosis, vaccine).
22. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201522 |
INDONESIA: Way Forward
1. Advocate to all stakeholders – AMR is a global issue;
2. Adapt the Global AMR Action Plan into a comprehensive
National AMR Action Plan;
3. Develop necessary policies and regulations to support the
implementation of National AMR Action Plan;
4. Resource mobilization to adequately finance the National
AMR Action Plan;
5. Actively engage all relevant ministries and bodies within the
government, private institutions, International agencies,
Professional Organizations, NGOs, CSOs and wider-
community to implement the National Action Plan.
23. World Health Organization | 05-Aug-201523 |
Summary
AMR is a serious threat to global public health;
AMR is caused natural phenomenon that is propagated by
several factors that can be prevented;
AMR threatens the prevention and treatment of infections that
may lead to higher morbidity, mortality and economic loss;
AMR - The Global Action Plan is reference to develop
‘Country Action Plans’ involving all relevant government
sectors and society;
AMR Program M&E to measure effectiveness;
AMR can be effectively tackle by International collaboration.
Slide 21: GAP on AMR
SO1: Increase public communication programs that target different audiences in human health, animal health and agricultural sectors; Ensure AMR is a core component of professional education, training, certification and development for the health, veterinary, and agricultural practices; Include AMR in school curricula and ensure that public media are provided with accurate and relevant information; Ensure that AMR is recognized as a priority across all government ministries.
Measure of Effectiveness: Reduction of global consumption of antibiotics in Humans and use in Animals
SO2 Evidence based: Develop a national surveillance system for AMR and as part of IHR 2005; Implement global research agenda on AMR (responsible use of antimicrobials, infection prevention in human and animal, and development of novel diagnostics and antimicrobial medicines.
Measure of Effectiveness: reduction in the prevalence of AMR
SO3 reduce incidence of infection: Strengthen hygiene and infection prevention and control (IPC) in health care facilities; Include training and education in hygiene and IPC as core (mandatory) for health care and veterinary professional education and trainings; Ensure AMR national surveillance includes data on antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens causing health care-associated infections; Promote vaccination as a method of reducing infections in food animals.
Measure of Effectiveness: reduction in the prevalence of preventable infections, and in particular the incidence of drug-resistant infections in health care settings
SO4 optimal use: Develop and implement comprehensive action plans on antimicrobial resistance that incorporate the following elements: data on use of antimicrobial agents in human and animal health;+prescription, distribution and dispensing of antimicrobials is carried out by accredited health or veterinary professionals; +marketing authorization is given only to antimicrobial agents that are quality assured, safe and efficacious; +development and use of WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines, reimbursement lists and standard treatment guidelines;
Measure of Effectiveness: extent of reduction in global consumption of antibiotics in human and animals (for food production and other purposes)
SO5 sustainable investment: assess investment needs for implementation of national action plan on AMR and develop plans to secure the financing; participate in international collaborative research on the development of new medicines, diagnostic tools and vaccines
Measure of Effectiveness: sustainable investment in capacity to counter AMR including in development of new medicines, diagnostics and other interventions
World Health Day 2011 was dedicated for Anti Microbial Resistance issue with the tag line “No action today, No cure tomorrow’
