The wrist watch with Heart Attack Detection is equipment that is used daily to indicate heart condition, to detect heart attack and to call for emergency help. It was designed specially to help patients with heart disease.This includes three common sub units. They are Circuit, Analysis Algorithm, and Bluetooth Communication. The first one is to wear on the wrist of the patient to captures the abnormal heart beat waves from the victim and the alternate methods are installed under the stick. This project is based on the previous project “Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS†of Fall 2004 [1]. we consider a big improvement in reducing the complexity of the project greatly, in saving power consumption of the project to run much fewer codes and in making the project to run at a faster time. No wire is attached to the wrists. In our project, the ECG waveform is transmitted wirelessly from the wrists to the watch. This gives the user great flexibility while the program is switched on and running. User can drive safely, can use restroom easily and can function normally like without the project. Previous project had the wire connection. All the hardware on the walking watch would have been strapped to the wrists. This will not make the project functional and marketable. Our project is completely portable. Heart condition is displayed in our project. The previous project did not inform the user about his heart condition. We display the heart condition through two LEDs as low-risk (alert level between 4 and 6) and high risk (alert level between 7 and 9). The user can know their heart condition and take proper action to avoid the fatal moment. Proper action could be slowing down and taking a rest.
Patient Health Monitoring System Using Arduino & ESP8266Rishav Pandey
Sometimes it happens when patients struggles to find hospital beds but due to high number of covid patients they are forced to stay at home and aren't monitored by any doctor. This Health Monitoring System designed with the help of Arduino UNO board and ESP8266 wifi microchip helps the doctor to monitor the patient remotely (connected via an IoT based platform ThingSpeak). ESP8266 wi-fi microchip is used to provide internet connectivity to our project (or we can connect our project to any wifi using same). The system consists of a pulse sensor and and an LM35 temperature sensor which measures the patient's heart beats per minute and body temperature respectively. The Arduino reads the sensor data, converts them into string, passes them to the IoT platform (ThingSpeak) and also displays the BPM and body temperature on LCD display.
In this way a doctor can remotely monitor the patients and take appropriate actions when required.
Arduino based heartbeat monitoring system.Arkadeep Dey
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
The heart acts as a pump that circulates oxygen and
nutrient carrying blood around the body in order to keep
it functioning. When the body is exerted the rate at which
the heart beats will vary proportional to the amount of
effort being exerted. By detecting the voltage created by
the beating of the heart, its rate can be easily observed
and used for a number of health purposes. Heart pounds
to pump oxygen-rich blood to your muscles and to carry
cell waste products away from your muscles. The heart rate gives a good indication during exercise routines of
how effective that routine is improving your health.
The work is aimed at measurement of heartbeat and displays the information on an alphanumeric (or Graphical) LCD display. The heartbeat monitor uses LED and an LDR based sensor to determine the heartbeat.
Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fing...xpressafridi
The basic idea behind this project is that anyone can stay connected with the doctor 24 hrs. It continuously provides following information to doctors.
Heart pulse rate
Temperature of human body
Patient Health Monitoring System Using Arduino & ESP8266Rishav Pandey
Sometimes it happens when patients struggles to find hospital beds but due to high number of covid patients they are forced to stay at home and aren't monitored by any doctor. This Health Monitoring System designed with the help of Arduino UNO board and ESP8266 wifi microchip helps the doctor to monitor the patient remotely (connected via an IoT based platform ThingSpeak). ESP8266 wi-fi microchip is used to provide internet connectivity to our project (or we can connect our project to any wifi using same). The system consists of a pulse sensor and and an LM35 temperature sensor which measures the patient's heart beats per minute and body temperature respectively. The Arduino reads the sensor data, converts them into string, passes them to the IoT platform (ThingSpeak) and also displays the BPM and body temperature on LCD display.
In this way a doctor can remotely monitor the patients and take appropriate actions when required.
Arduino based heartbeat monitoring system.Arkadeep Dey
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
The heart acts as a pump that circulates oxygen and
nutrient carrying blood around the body in order to keep
it functioning. When the body is exerted the rate at which
the heart beats will vary proportional to the amount of
effort being exerted. By detecting the voltage created by
the beating of the heart, its rate can be easily observed
and used for a number of health purposes. Heart pounds
to pump oxygen-rich blood to your muscles and to carry
cell waste products away from your muscles. The heart rate gives a good indication during exercise routines of
how effective that routine is improving your health.
The work is aimed at measurement of heartbeat and displays the information on an alphanumeric (or Graphical) LCD display. The heartbeat monitor uses LED and an LDR based sensor to determine the heartbeat.
Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fing...xpressafridi
The basic idea behind this project is that anyone can stay connected with the doctor 24 hrs. It continuously provides following information to doctors.
Heart pulse rate
Temperature of human body
Heart beat monitor using AT89S52 microcontrollerSushil Mishra
We , in this project are measuring the heart beat using the pulse oximetry logic.
The timer we have set for counting the heart beat is 30s.
There is a set point we can decide, after 30 s the heartbeat would be shown on the LCD along with a buzzer sound (if it exceeds the set point).
An integrated portable device for continuous heart rate and body temperature monitoring system development is presented in this paper (Proc. of 2nd EICT, 2015). Heart related diseases are increasing day by day; therefore, an accurate, affordable and portable heart rate and body temperature measuring device is essential for taking action in proper time. Such a device is more essential in a situation where there is no doctor or clinic nearby (e.g., rural area) and patients are unable not recognize their actual condition. The developed system of this study consists of Arduino UNO microcontroller system, transmission system and Android based application. The system gives information of heart rate and body temperature simultaneously acquired on the portable device in real time and shows it through the connected Android application instantly. The developed system is more affordable with low price compared to other developed devices due to use of easy available Arduino UNO and smart phone as Android device. The developed device is shown acceptable outcomes when compared with other measuring devices.
Building of heart beat rate monitor & object detector by md syeduzzaman s...Syeduzzaman Sohag
In the recent years, huge improvements have been noticed in the world of technology and computerized systems. In the biomedical world, the equipment should features of user-friendly operation, portability, high level of safety and lower cost. These biomedical equipment ranges from medical diagnosis and treatments to provide supports for disable people for their daily movements.
In Bangladesh, to ensure better healthcare, we are looking forward to getting the best equipment with the least cost. The needs of my country basically motivate me in aiming this project.
This project has two parts, in the first part, the effort has made to build a simple, less expensive, graphic based heart beat rate monitor system which can be used for medical diagnosis. In the second part, an object detector system has been developed to help physically handicapped persons to detect object in front of them. The Object detector system can be modified for the vehicles safety as well as to minimize the risk at road accidents during travelling through foggy condition.
Biomedical Instrumentation Presentation on Infrared Emitter-Detector and Ardu...Redwan Islam
In this project, we measured human heart rate using IR emitter and detector, Arduino board and some other low cost component. We observed heart rate of some individuals with IR emitter and detector, Arduino Board and Processing 2.0 software, and attached the result in the report. We compared the cost of heart rate monitor that uses IR emitter and detector, and the one that uses pulse sensor.
Report on Automatic Heart Rate monitoring using Arduino UnoAshfaqul Haque John
Automatic heart rate monitoring using Arduino. This is a report based on project. It includes the circuit diagram and the PCB layout diagram of the circuit
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
Its kind of technology to society.
The the project is of a Heart Monitoring Device which keeps a track of your heart beats.
If the person is getting Heart Attack, the device sends a message to pre-coded number(eg. Hospital, Doctor, Relative), so that the person can be treated.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
WearDuino preso for PDX-Electrohax Jan 8 2015Mark Leavitt
WearDuino is an open source, hackable, shareable, wearable wireless sensor. Mashing up the ubiquity of wearable technology with the open philosophy of Arduino. Concept: a wearable Bluetooth 4.0 sensor you can program like an Arduino, with apps that can be written as web pages. Hardware prototypes are emerging. Software help is needed.
Heart beat monitor using AT89S52 microcontrollerSushil Mishra
We , in this project are measuring the heart beat using the pulse oximetry logic.
The timer we have set for counting the heart beat is 30s.
There is a set point we can decide, after 30 s the heartbeat would be shown on the LCD along with a buzzer sound (if it exceeds the set point).
An integrated portable device for continuous heart rate and body temperature monitoring system development is presented in this paper (Proc. of 2nd EICT, 2015). Heart related diseases are increasing day by day; therefore, an accurate, affordable and portable heart rate and body temperature measuring device is essential for taking action in proper time. Such a device is more essential in a situation where there is no doctor or clinic nearby (e.g., rural area) and patients are unable not recognize their actual condition. The developed system of this study consists of Arduino UNO microcontroller system, transmission system and Android based application. The system gives information of heart rate and body temperature simultaneously acquired on the portable device in real time and shows it through the connected Android application instantly. The developed system is more affordable with low price compared to other developed devices due to use of easy available Arduino UNO and smart phone as Android device. The developed device is shown acceptable outcomes when compared with other measuring devices.
Building of heart beat rate monitor & object detector by md syeduzzaman s...Syeduzzaman Sohag
In the recent years, huge improvements have been noticed in the world of technology and computerized systems. In the biomedical world, the equipment should features of user-friendly operation, portability, high level of safety and lower cost. These biomedical equipment ranges from medical diagnosis and treatments to provide supports for disable people for their daily movements.
In Bangladesh, to ensure better healthcare, we are looking forward to getting the best equipment with the least cost. The needs of my country basically motivate me in aiming this project.
This project has two parts, in the first part, the effort has made to build a simple, less expensive, graphic based heart beat rate monitor system which can be used for medical diagnosis. In the second part, an object detector system has been developed to help physically handicapped persons to detect object in front of them. The Object detector system can be modified for the vehicles safety as well as to minimize the risk at road accidents during travelling through foggy condition.
Biomedical Instrumentation Presentation on Infrared Emitter-Detector and Ardu...Redwan Islam
In this project, we measured human heart rate using IR emitter and detector, Arduino board and some other low cost component. We observed heart rate of some individuals with IR emitter and detector, Arduino Board and Processing 2.0 software, and attached the result in the report. We compared the cost of heart rate monitor that uses IR emitter and detector, and the one that uses pulse sensor.
Report on Automatic Heart Rate monitoring using Arduino UnoAshfaqul Haque John
Automatic heart rate monitoring using Arduino. This is a report based on project. It includes the circuit diagram and the PCB layout diagram of the circuit
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
Its kind of technology to society.
The the project is of a Heart Monitoring Device which keeps a track of your heart beats.
If the person is getting Heart Attack, the device sends a message to pre-coded number(eg. Hospital, Doctor, Relative), so that the person can be treated.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
WearDuino preso for PDX-Electrohax Jan 8 2015Mark Leavitt
WearDuino is an open source, hackable, shareable, wearable wireless sensor. Mashing up the ubiquity of wearable technology with the open philosophy of Arduino. Concept: a wearable Bluetooth 4.0 sensor you can program like an Arduino, with apps that can be written as web pages. Hardware prototypes are emerging. Software help is needed.
ARM based protection system for induction motor against faultsEditor IJMTER
This paper deal with protection of an induction motor against faults like over voltage,
under voltage, single phasing ,voltage unbalance, over temperature. In this system 3 PT’s are
connected to each phase of induction motor. The electrical signal is acquired by the ARM
LPC2148 and 10 bit digital equivalent values of these electrical and temp signals are compared
with the reference values by the means of software. The 10bit digital equivalent parameters are
send to COM port of PC When any fault is detected, the system activated relay and thus cuts the
power supply to the induction motor. The corresponding faults are displaced on LCD display of
ARM processor as well as the graphs plotted on console of a PC with the help of LABVIEW 2014 software. LABVIEW 2014 also stores a database file of the electrical signals along with graphs.
Design and Implementation of Real Time Remote Supervisory SystemIJERA Editor
In today’s fast growing communication environment and rapid exchange of data in networking field has triggered us to develop a home based remote supervisory monitoring system. In the present paper the physiological parameters of the patient such as body temperature, ECG, Pulse rate and Oxygen Saturation is displayed in MATLAB graphical user interface which is processed using ARM7 LPC2138. In case any emergency persist and parameters goes abnormal over the optimum level then a buzzer will ring to alert the caretaker. And the vital parameters will be displayed on the patient side computer and an automatic SMS will be sent to the doctor using GSM interface.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Acquiring Ecg Signals And Analysing For Different Heart AilmentsIJERA Editor
This paper describes and focuses on acquiring and identification of cardiac diseases using ECG waveform in LabVIEW software, which would bridge the gap between engineers and medical physicians. This model work collects the waveform of an affected person. The waveform is analyzed for diseases and then a report is sent to the doctor through mail. Initially the waveforms are collected from the person using EKG sensor with the help of surface electrodes and the hardware controlled by MCU C8051, acquires ECG and also Phonocardiogram (PCG) synchronously and the waveform is sent to the PC installed with LabVIEW software through DAQ-6211. The waveform in digital format is saved and sent to the loops containing conditions for different diseases. If the waveform parameters coincide with any of the looping statements, particular disease is indicated. Simultaneously the patient PCG report is also collected in a separate database containing all information, which will be sent to the doctor through mail.
Evaluating ECG Capturing Using Sound-Card of PC/Laptopijics
The purpose of the Evaluating ECG capturing using sound-card of PC/Laptop is provided portable and low
cost ECG monitoring system using laptop and mobile phones. There is no need to interface microcontroller
or any other device to transmit ECG data. This research is based on hardware design,
implementation, signal capturing and Evaluation of an ECG processing and analyzing system which attend
the physicians in heart disease diagnosis. Some important modification is given in design part to avoid all
definitive ECG instrument problems faced in previous designs. Moreover, attenuate power frequency noise
and noise that produces from patient's body have required additional developments. The hardware design
has basically three units: transduction and conditioning Unit, interfacing unit and data processing unit.
The most focusing factor is the ECG signal/data transmits in laptop/PC via microphone pin. The live
simulation is possible using SOUNDSCOPE software in PC/Laptop. The software program that is written
in MATLAB and LAB-View performs data acquisition (record, stored, filtration) and several tasks such as
QRS detection, calculate heart rate.
Instant elelectrocardiogram monitoring in android smart phonesIjrdt Journal
ECG (electrocardiogram) is very essential component for the doctors to diagnose the state of patient’s cardiovascular system. In critical situations doctors may need to examine ECG of patient instantly to take a firm and better decision in their absence near patient. In this paper a better way of instant ECG datatransfer, processing and display is demonstrated. Here ECG is acquired using simple 3 electrode single lead configuration then it is digitized and transmitted to Android smart phone in SMS message format. This SMS data is a bundle of values representing digital ECG. Acquired SMS data is fetched from inbox of the phone and processed for calculation of heart rate and detection of arrhythmia by Android application software. Then ECG is displayed on phone screen along with conclusion of heart rate and arrhythmia (if any).
Telemedicine System For Cardiac PatientsSharad Karwa
The aim of this project is to create a personalized heart monitoring system using smart phones and electrodes and mobile application which is capable of monitoring the health of high risk cardiac patients. The smart phone application analyses in real-time sensor and environmental data and can automatically alert the doctors and pre-assigned caregivers when a heart patient is in danger. It also transmits sensor data to a given healthcare centre for remote monitoring by a nurse or cardiologist. The project aims to have a better system that is always with patient to monitor clearly and make the record of abnormalities obtained. If we are in dangerous or unconscious condition, it alerts the user or alerts doctor or relative by making a call to family doctor or some relative. The system can be personalized and rehabilitation programs can monitor the progress of a patient. These rehabilitation programs can be used to give advice or to reassure the patient.
Population with pacemaker implants varies by age, sex or race and it is used when heart
beats too slowly or when there is irregularity in the beating or there is blockage. Artificial cardiac
pacemaker is a medical device that uses electrical impulses delivered by electrodes contracting the
heart muscles in order to regulate the beating of the heart. This paper presents an integrated fail safe
pacemaker which will produces the artificial pulse whenever the missed pulse in being produced by
the heart. Unit will function as an advanced dual chamber pacemaker type that can pace both atrium
and ventricle and hence functions like a normal heart. The device will monitor the electrical activities
of the heart through the cardiac signal ECG of the patient. Device status and vital parameters can be
monitored using Bluetooth wireless communication and displayed on an Android Platform.
Heart rate detection using hilbert transformeSAT Journals
Abstract The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a well known method that can be used to measure Heart Rate Variability (HRV). This paper describes a procedure for processing electrocardiogram signals (ECG) to detect Heart Rate Variability (HRV). In recent years, there have been wide-ranging studies on Heart rate variability in ECG signals and analysis of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA). Normally the Heart rate variability is studied based on cycle length variability, heart period variability, RR variability and RR interval tachogram. The HRV provides information about the sympathetic-parasympathetic autonomic stability and consequently about the risk of unpredicted cardiac death. The heart beats in ECG signal are detected by detecting R-Peaks in ECG signals and used to determine useful information about the various cardiac abnormalities. The temporal locations of the R-wave are identified as the locations of the QRS complexes. In the presence of poor signal-to-noise ratios or pathological signals and wrong placement of ECG electrodes, the QRS complex may be missed or falsely detected and may lead to poor results in calculating heart beat in turn inter-beat intervals. We have studied the effects of number of common elements of QRS detection methods using MIT/BIH arrhythmia database and devised a simple and effective method. In this method, first the ECG signal is preprocessed using band-pass filter; later the Hilbert Transform is applied on filtered ECG signal to enhance the presence of QRS complexes, to detect R-Peaks by setting a threshold and finally the RR-intervals are calculated to determine Heart Rate. We have implemented our method using MATLAB on ECG signal which is obtained from MIT/BIH arrhythmia database. Our MATLAB implementation results in the detection of QRS complexes in ECG signal, locate the R-Peaks, computes Heart Rate (HR) by calculating RR-internal and plotting of HR signal to show the information about HRV. Index Terms: ECG, QRS complex, R-Peaks, HRV, Heart Rate signal, RSA, Hilbert Transform, Arrhythmia, MIT/BIH, MATLAB and Lynn’s filters
A Real Time Electrocardiogram (ECG) Device for Cardiac PatientsIJERD Editor
Now-a-days due to rising stress levels, change in lifestyles and a variety of different issues, the number of people suffering from heart related diseases is increasing. This number would significantly rise in the next few years. As the technology enhanced, a significant paradigm shift has been observed in the biomedical industry. To tackle the heart related issues, technology can be introduced in one’s life. This paper proposes a wireless, wearable ECG device capable of processing the patient’s ECG in a real time environment. It is capable of comparing the ECG with threshold parameters, and if ECG of the patient is not in the range of the threshold values, the device notifies the cardiac patient’s mobile phone by sending a Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) of the changed ECG and, in turn the patient’s mobile phone sends this changed ECG image to the mobile phone present at the hospital.
An Efficient Design and FPGA Implementation of JPEG Encoder using Verilog HDLijsrd.com
Image compression is the reduction or elimination of redundancy in data representation in order to achieve reduction in storage and communication cost. For this we use the simple computational method, 2D-DCT, using two 1D-DCT performed on matrix of (8X8). The DCT is a technique that converts a signal from spatial domain to frequency domain. Here we first convert the image into minimum code units. Then 2-D DCT is applied on each block. Then further process of Quantization, Zig-Zag approach and encoding is applied on the processed data. The architecture uses 3049 slices, 2,457 LUT, 46 I/Os of Xilinx Spartan-3 XC3S1600.
An Implementation of Embedded System in Patient Monitoring Systemijsrd.com
This paper deals with the measuring of multi-parameter to measure ECG, temperature, evoked potential, respiration rate which uses sensors to measure the patient condition continuously in ICU. For each parameter it uses separate sensors .this multi-channel parameter uses special type of sensors called infracted rays (IR) which are not harmful to human body. All this signals are collected from the patient's body then it is send to the computer and it is diagnosed by the doctor .It reduces the work for the doctors and it gives accurate values. If any abnormalities in the patient's body it produces alarm and it alerts the doctors. This paper also deals with online videography i.e the doctors can view the patient's condition anywhere from the hospital's. Results are stored in the secondary storage system in computer for future reference. the results are obtained in the form of graph, waveforms.
In this paper, an ATmega16 based system for vital signs recording using GSM is developed to measure patient’s
Heart Rate, Blood oxygen saturation percentage ,Body Temperature & also records ECG in real time. Nowadays people
are dying because of various health problems so a device will be designed to keep track on patient which should be easy
to use, portable, light weighted, small size so that it gives freedom of mobility for patient. The system is for home use by
patients that are not in critical condition but need to be periodically monitored by clinician. At any critical condition the
SMS is send to the doctor so that quick services can be provided.
Due to availability of internet and evolution of embedded devices, Internet of things can be useful to contribute in energy domain. The Internet of Things (IoT) will deliver a smarter grid to enable more information and connectivity throughout the infrastructure and to homes. Through the IoT, consumers, manufacturers and utility providers will come across new ways to manage devices and ultimately conserve resources and save money by using smart meters, home gateways, smart plugs and connected appliances. The future smart home, various devices will be able to measure and share their energy consumption, and actively participate in house-wide or building wide energy management systems. This paper discusses the different approaches being taken worldwide to connect the smart grid. Full system solutions can be developed by combining hardware and software to address some of the challenges in building a smarter and more connected smart grid.
A Survey Report on : Security & Challenges in Internet of Thingsijsrd.com
In the era of computing technology, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are now popular in each and every domains like e-governance, e-Health, e-Home, e-Commerce, and e-Trafficking etc. Iot is spreading from small to large applications in all fields like Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Smart Transportation. As on one side IoT provide facilities and services for the society. On the other hand, IoT security is also a crucial issues.IoT security is an area which totally concerned for giving security to connected devices and networks in the IoT .As, IoT is vast area with usability, performance, security, and reliability as a major challenges in it. The growth of the IoT is exponentially increases as driven by market pressures, which proportionally increases the security threats involved in IoT The relationship between the security and billions of devices connecting to the Internet cannot be described with existing mathematical methods. In this paper, we explore the opportunities possible in the IoT with security threats and challenges associated with it.
In today’s emerging world of Internet, each and every thing is supposed to be in connected mode with the help of billions of smart devices. By connecting all the devises used in our day to day life, make our life trouble less and easy. We are incorporated in a world where we are used to have smart phones, smart cars, smart gadgets, smart homes and smart cities. Different institutes and researchers are working for creating a smart world for us but real question which we need to emphasis on is how to make dumb devises talk with uncommon hardware and communication technology. For the same what kind of mechanism to use with various protocols and less human interaction. The purpose is to provide the key area for application of IoT and a platform on which various devices having different mechanism and protocols can communicate with an integrated architecture.
Study on Issues in Managing and Protecting Data of IOTijsrd.com
This paper discusses variety of issues for preserving and managing data produced by IoT. Every second large amount of data are added or updated in the IoT databases across the heterogeneous environment. While managing the data each phase of data processing for IoT data is exigent like storing data, querying, indexing, transaction management and failure handling. We also refer to the problem of data integration and protection as data requires to be fit in single layout and travel securely as they arrive in the pool from diversified sources in different structure. Finally, we confer a standardized pathway to manage and to defend data in consistent manner.
Interactive Technologies for Improving Quality of Education to Build Collabor...ijsrd.com
Today with advancement in Information Communication Technology (ICT) the way the education is being delivered is seeing a paradigm shift from boring classroom lectures to interactive applications such as 2-D and 3-D learning content, animations, live videos, response systems, interactive panels, education games, virtual laboratories and collaborative research (data gathering and analysis) etc. Engineering is emerging with more innovative solutions in the field of education and bringing out their innovative products to improve education delivery. The academic institutes which were once hesitant to use such technology are now looking forward to such innovations. They are adopting the new ways as they are realizing the vast benefits of using such methods and technology. The benefits are better comprehensibility, improved learning efficiency of students, and access to vast knowledge resources, geographical reach, quick feedback, accountability and quality research. This paper focuses on how engineering can leverage the latest technology and build a collaborative learning environment which can then be integrated with the national e-learning grid.
Internet of Things - Paradigm Shift of Future Internet Application for Specia...ijsrd.com
In the world more than 15% people are living with disability that also include children below age of 10 years. Due to lack of independent support services specially abled (handicap) people overly rely on other people for their basic needs, that excludes them from being financially and socially active. The Internet of Things (IoT) can give support system and a better quality of life as well as participation in routine and day to day life. For this purpose, the future solutions for current problems has been introduced in this paper. Daunting challenges have been considered as future research and glimpse of the IoT for specially abled person is given in the paper.
A Study of the Adverse Effects of IoT on Student's Lifeijsrd.com
Internet of things (IoT) is the most powerful invention and if used in the positive direction, internet can prove to be very productive. But, now a days, due to the social networking sites such as Face book, WhatsApp, twitter, hike etc. internet is producing adverse effects on the student life, especially those students studying at college Level. As it is rightly said, something which has some positive effects also has some of the negative effects on the other hand. In this article, we are discussing some adverse effects of IoT on student’s life.
Pedagogy for Effective use of ICT in English Language Learningijsrd.com
The use of information and communications technology (ICT) in education is a relatively new phenomenon and it has been the educational researchers' focus of attention for more than two decades. Educators and researchers examine the challenges of using ICT and think of new ways to integrate ICT into the curriculum. However, there are some barriers for the teachers that prevent them to use ICT in the classroom and develop supporting materials through ICT. The purpose of this study is to examine the high school English teachers’ perceptions of the factors discouraging teachers to use ICT in the classroom.
In recent years usage of private vehicles create urban traffic more and more crowded. As result traffic becomes one of the important problems in big cities in all over the world. Some of the traffic concerns are traffic jam and accidents which have caused a huge waste of time, more fuel consumption and more pollution. Time is very important parameter in routine life. The main problem faced by the people is real time routing. Our solution Virtual Eye will provide the current updates as in the real time scenario of the specific route. This research paper presents smart traffic navigation system, based on Internet of Things, which is featured by low cost, high compatibility, easy to upgrade, to replace traditional traffic management system and the proposed system can improve road traffic tremendously.
Ontological Model of Educational Programs in Computer Science (Bachelor and M...ijsrd.com
In this work there is illustrated an ontological model of educational programs in computer science for bachelor and master degrees in Computer science and for master educational program “Computer science as second competence†by Tempus project PROMIS.
Understanding IoT Management for Smart Refrigeratorijsrd.com
Lately the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is being more elaborated and devices and databases are proposed thereby to meet the need of an Internet of Things scenario. IoT is being considered to be an integral part of smart house where devices will be connected to each other and also react upon certain environmental input. This will eventually include the home refrigerator, air conditioner, lights, heater and such other home appliances. Therefore, we focus our research on the database part for such an IoT’ fridge which we called as smart Fridge. We describe the potentials achievable through a database for an IoT refrigerator to manage the refrigerator food and also aid the creation of a monthly budget of the house for a family. The paper aims at the data management issue based on a proposed design for an intelligent refrigerator leveraging the sensor technology and the wireless communication technology. The refrigerator which identifies products by reading the barcodes or RFID tags is proposed to order the required products by connecting to the Internet. Thus the goal of this paper is to minimize human interaction to maintain the daily life events.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION SYSTEM USING FINITE ELEMENT...ijsrd.com
Double wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully control the motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel. 3-D model of the Lower Wishbone Arm is prepared by using CAD software for modal and stress analysis. The forces and moments are used as the boundary conditions for finite element model of the wishbone arm. By using these boundary conditions static analysis is carried out. Then making the load as a function of time; quasi-static analysis of the wishbone arm is carried out. A finite element based optimization is used to optimize the design of lower wishbone arm. Topology optimization and material optimization techniques are used to optimize lower wishbone arm design.
A Review: Microwave Energy for materials processingijsrd.com
Microwave energy is a latest largest growing technique for material processing. This paper presents a review of microwave technologies used for material processing and its use for industrial applications. Advantages in using microwave energy for processing material include rapid heating, high heating efficiency, heating uniformity and clean energy. The microwave heating has various characteristics and due to which it has been become popular for heating low temperature applications to high temperature applications. In recent years this novel technique has been successfully utilized for the processing of metallic materials. Many researchers have reported microwave energy for sintering, joining and cladding of metallic materials. The aim of this paper is to show the use of microwave energy not only for non-metallic materials but also the metallic materials. The ability to process metals with microwave could assist in the manufacturing of high performance metal parts desired in many industries, for example in automotive and aeronautical industries.
Web Usage Mining: A Survey on User's Navigation Pattern from Web Logsijsrd.com
With an expontial growth of World Wide Web, there are so many information overloaded and it became hard to find out data according to need. Web usage mining is a part of web mining, which deal with automatic discovery of user navigation pattern from web log. This paper presents an overview of web mining and also provide navigation pattern from classification and clustering algorithm for web usage mining. Web usage mining contain three important task namely data preprocessing, pattern discovery and pattern analysis based on discovered pattern. And also contain the comparative study of web mining techniques.
APPLICATION OF STATCOM to IMPROVED DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEMijsrd.com
Application of FACTS controller called Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOM to improve the performance of power grid with Wind Farms is investigated .The essential feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject fastly the reactive power with power grid . Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM FACTS device is achieved. Moreover restoring the stability of the power system having wind farm after occurring severe disturbance such as faults or wind farm mechanical power variation is obtained with STATCOM controller . The dynamic model of the power system having wind farm controlled by proposed STATCOM is developed . To validate the powerful of the STATCOM FACTS controller, the studied power system is simulated and subjected to different severe disturbances. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in terms of fast damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system stability.
Making model of dual axis solar tracking with Maximum Power Point Trackingijsrd.com
Now a days solar harvesting is more popular. As the popularity become higher the material quality and solar tracking methods are more improved. There are several factors affecting the solar system. Major influence on solar cell, intensity of source radiation and storage techniques The materials used in solar cell manufacturing limit the efficiency of solar cell. This makes it particularly difficult to make considerable improvements in the performance of the cell, and hence restricts the efficiency of the overall collection process. Therefore, the most attainable maximum power point tracking method of improving the performance of solar power collection is to increase the mean intensity of radiation received from the source used. The purposed of tracking system controls elevation and orientation angles of solar panels such that the panels always maintain perpendicular to the sunlight. The measured variables of our automatic system were compared with those of a fixed angle PV system. As a result of the experiment, the voltage generated by the proposed tracking system has an overall of about 28.11% more than the fixed angle PV system. There are three major approaches for maximizing power extraction in medium and large scale systems. They are sun tracking, maximum power point (MPP) tracking or both.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
In day today's relevance, it is mandatory to device the usage of diesel in an economic way. In present scenario, the very low combustion efficiency of CI engine leads to poor performance of engine and produces emission due to incomplete combustion. Study of research papers is focused on the improvement in efficiency of the engine and reduction in emissions by adding ethanol in a diesel with different blends like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by volume. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are tested observed using blended fuels and comparative assessment is done with the performance and emission characteristics of engine using pure diesel.
Study and Review on Various Current Comparatorsijsrd.com
This paper presents study and review on various current comparators. It also describes low voltage current comparator using flipped voltage follower (FVF) to obtain the single supply voltage. This circuit has short propagation delay and occupies a small chip area as compare to other current comparators. The results of this circuit has obtained using PSpice simulator for 0.18 μm CMOS technology and a comparison has been performed with its non FVF counterpart to contrast its effectiveness, simplicity, compactness and low power consumption.
Reducing Silicon Real Estate and Switching Activity Using Low Power Test Patt...ijsrd.com
Power dissipation is a challenging problem for today's system-on-chip design and test. This paper presents a novel architecture which generates the test patterns with reduced switching activities; it has the advantage of low test power and low hardware overhead. The proposed LP-TPG (test pattern generator) structure consists of modified low power linear feedback shift register (LP-LFSR), m-bit counter, gray counter, NOR-gate structure and XOR-array. The seed generated from LP-LFSR is EXCLUSIVE-OR ed with the data generated from gray code generator. The XOR result of the sequence is single input changing (SIC) sequence, in turn reduces the switching activity and so power dissipation will be very less. The proposed architecture is simulated using Modelsim and synthesized using Xilinx ISE9.2.The Xilinx chip scope tool will be used to test the logic running on FPGA.
Defending Reactive Jammers in WSN using a Trigger Identification Service.ijsrd.com
In the last decade, the greatest threat to the wireless sensor network has been Reactive Jamming Attack because it is difficult to be disclosed and defend as well as due to its mass destruction to legitimate sensor communications. As discussed above about the Reactive Jammers Nodes, a new scheme to deactivate them efficiently is by identifying all trigger nodes, where transmissions invoke the jammer nodes, which has been proposed and developed. Due to this identification mechanism, many existing reactive jamming defending schemes can be benefited. This Trigger Identification can also work as an application layer .In this paper, on one side we provide the several optimization problems to provide complete trigger identification service framework for unreliable wireless sensor networks and on the other side we also provide an improved algorithm with regard to two sophisticated jamming models, in order to enhance its robustness for various network scenarios.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
1. IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 2, Issue 07, 2014 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 673
A Wireless Methodology of Heartattack Detection
K. Ganesh Kumar1
R. Arvind2
P. Bobby Keerthan3
S. Arvind Kumar4
P. Dass5
1,2,3,4,5
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
1,2,3,4,5
Saveetha School of engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
Abstract— The wrist watch with Heart Attack Detection is
equipment that is used daily to indicate heart condition, to
detect heart attack and to call for emergency help. It was
designed specially to help patients with heart disease.This
includes three common sub units. They are Circuit, Analysis
Algorithm, and Bluetooth Communication. The first one is
to wear on the wrist of the patient to captures the abnormal
heart beat waves from the victim and the alternate methods
are installed under the stick. This project is based on the
previous project “Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS”
of Fall 2004 [1]. we consider a big improvement in reducing
the complexity of the project greatly, in saving power
consumption of the project to run much fewer codes and in
making the project to run at a faster time. No wire is
attached to the wrists. In our project, the ECG waveform is
transmitted wirelessly from the wrists to the watch. This
gives the user great flexibility while the program is switched
on and running. User can drive safely, can use restroom
easily and can function normally like without the project.
Previous project had the wire connection. All the hardware
on the walking watch would have been strapped to the
wrists. This will not make the project functional and
marketable. Our project is completely portable. Heart
condition is displayed in our project. The previous project
did not inform the user about his heart condition. We display
the heart condition through two LEDs as low-risk (alert
level between 4 and 6) and high risk (alert level between 7
and 9). The user can know their heart condition and take
proper action to avoid the fatal moment. Proper action could
be slowing down and taking a rest.
Keywords: ECG, CAD, A/D converter
I. INTRODUCTION
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [2] states that
“more than a million persons in the U.S. have a heart attack
and about half (515,000) of them die in each year. About
one-half of those who die do so within 1 hour of the start of
symptoms and before reaching the hospital”. A heart attack
happens to a person when the blood flow and oxygen supply
to heart muscle is blocked, and it is mostly caused by the
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) [2]. CAD occurs when the
arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle (coronary
arteries) become hardened and narrowed [3]. It often causes
irregular heart beat or rhythm by blocking blood stream [2].
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [2] suggest
that “everyone should know the warning signs of a heart
attack and how to get emergency help”.
The symptoms of heart attack can be detected by
observing electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform. An ECG is
an electrical recording of the heart and is used in the
investigation of heart disease [4]. An electrical impulse
initiates muscle contraction, which results in heart beating.
The spacing between pulses provides a measure of the
heart’s rhythm, whereas the height of the pulses is an
indicator of pumping strength [1]. By observing the ECG
waveform, the heart condition of the patients can
beexplained by doctors.. The wrist watch is used as
detection unit and as the medium asking for medical help.
II. OVERVIEW OF DESIGN
The ECG circuitry unit on the wrist captures abnormal heart
beat signal from the patient. The microcontroller on the
watch runs a heart attack algorithm. Warning is given out to
the person about his heart condition. The Bluetooth
emergency calling system calls for medical help at the
moment of heart attack. This project aims to shorten the
time between the moment of heart attack and the arrival of
medical personal. The warning before the emergency call
will give the patient a chance to avoid heart attack.
Two biosensors worn on the user’s wrists send the
real ECG signal to the analog ECG circuitry. The amplified
and filtered analog output of the circuitry is converted from
analog to digital signal and transmitted to the unit on the
walking watch. The ECG circuitry unit, the A/D converter,
and the transmitter are worn on one of the user’s wrists. The
wireless connection between the unit on the wrist and the
main unit on the watch gives the user more freedom to move
by avoiding wire attachment between the wrist and the
watch.
The receiver on the watch receives the digital ECG
signal, and the microcontroller runs a heart attack algorithm
to detect possible heart attack symptoms. If any symptom of
heart attack is detected, the risk level rises. When the risk
level reaches up to the emergency mode, the Bluetooth
module activates the user’s mobile phone to call 911 for
medical help. Latest mobile phones include GPS function.
Therefore, the GPS unit is eliminated from the previous
project [3] as the mobile phone’s GPS can locate the user.
III. SPECIFICATIONS
The design of the ECG circuitry and the ECG algorithm, the
specifications of the previous project “Wireless Heart Attack
2. A Wireless Methodology of Heartattack Detection
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 07/2014/153)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 674
Detector with GPS” [1] were used. The frequency range of
ECG signal depends on the activity of individual. The
typical range is approximately from 50 Hz to 70 Hz. To
cover a wide range of frequencies for all scenarios, the
band-pass filter of the ECG circuitry is designed to have a
lower cutoff frequency of 0.5 Hz and an upper cutoff
frequency of 150 Hz. The analog output of the ECG
circuitry must be in the range between -2 V to 2V so that the
A/D conversion operates properly. The overall amplification
inside the ECG circuitry should be at least 3000 but no
greater than 5000. The minimum sampling rate of A/D
converter should be 400 Hz to capture the detailed ECG
waveform that changes in millisecond unit [1].
The transmitted data and the received data must be
the same. No noise should be added during the transmission.
The distance for reliable transmission should be wide
enough so that the movement of user is not limited in the
near area of the watch. 40 feet is chosen as the user is
assumed to be within this distance during all his activities.
All the hardware should operate with low power
consumption, and the microcontroller must show the least
number of error when it runs the heart attack algorithm.
High risk and low risk warnings should be shown when
symptoms are detected. The delay time between the moment
of heart attack detection and the activation of Bluetooth
module should be as short as possible.
IV. PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS
The total delay from the moment the microcontroller output
a heart attack signal to the arrival of medical assistance
should be shortened as much as possible. This delay is
between the output of heart attack signal and the mobile
phone calling. The delay time should be less than 45 second.
Fig. 1.4: Subproject Flow Chart
There are three main subprojects: ECG circuit unit,
Analysis Algorithm, and Bluetooth Communication. The
first unit is worn on the user’s wrist, and the rest two are
installed in the watch. The ECG circuit unit captures ECG
waveform from the user’s wrists by electrodes. It then
amplifies and filters the ECG signal. After that, the signal is
digitized by an A/D converter and is transmitted to the
watch. In Analysis Algorithm unit, the receiver first
captures the digital ECG signal and feeds it to the
microcontroller. The microcontroller runs the algorithm to
detect heart attack and to raise the risk level. When a heart
attack is confirmed, an emergency signal is sent to the
Bluetooth Communication unit. In the Bluetooth
Communication unit, the Bluetooth module activates the
user’s mobile phone to call 911.
V. DESIGN PROCEDURE
A. Analog ECG Cicuitry
Based on the “Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS”
[3], we designed the three components, unity-gain buffers,
differential amplifier and band-pass filter. The unity-gain
buffers are needed for both wrists as impedance
transformers. Although skin impedance is high, the input
impedance of op-amps is infinity and the op-amps will be
able to catch the bio signals out of the two electrodes.
Differential amplifier will take the two bio signals and
differentiate them with gain to get the desired ECG
waveform. Band-pass filter will make sure that noise of
frequencies outside 0.5 Hz and 150 Hz is eliminated.
For the Calculation of the ECG circuitry design, the
same procedure from the “Wireless Heart Attack Detector
with GPS” [1] was used and was quoted as below. The
differential amplifier gain should not exceed 33 in order to
prevent a 300 mV electrode offset potential from causing the
system to saturate. Figure 2.2 shows a diagram of the
differential amplifier component of the circuit.
Fig. 2.2.1: Differential Amplifier Component Diagram
B. Data Transmission between Wrist and the Watch
Our original design was to transmit the analog ECG
waveform directly out of the ECG analog circuitry to the
walking watch. We would use the analog signal
transmission capability of the HP-3 transceiver. We wanted
to make this data transmission wireless from the wrist to the
watch. This would avoid the inconvenience of the watch
attachment to the wrist. User can go into a car and put his
watch at the back seats without detaching any wire between
his wrist and the watch. He also does not have to switch the
device off. When the watch falls down, it won’t drag the
user’s wrist to the ground.
After we browsed through the data sheet of the HP-
3 transceiver, we discovered that the analog bandwidth of
the transceiver pair is between 50 Hz and 28000 Hz. As
discussed in the previous project, normal ECG waveform
has frequency range between 50 Hz and 70 Hz. However, to
cover all the possible scenarios like sleeping and fast
walking, the lower and the upper cutoff frequencies were
decided to be 0.5 Hz and 150 Hz. Since the range from 0.5
Hz and 50 Hz is outside the transmission bandwidth of the
HP-3 transceiver, we thought about using mixer and
oscillator to raise the lowest frequency of analog signal,
which is 0.5 Hz, to 60 Hz. This would ensure correct
transmission of the analog signal.
When we discussed this idea with our TA, we were
introduced to the RS232 capability of PIC. Since RS232
signal is digital, we can use the same transceiver to transmit
digital signal. We no longer have to worry about the lowest
frequency of the analog signal along with the mixer and the
oscillator.
C. Analog ECG Signal to Digital ECG Signal
Since we are using a PIC for its RS232 feature, we thought
it would be natural to use the A/D conversion feature of the
PIC. We then had to decide between using an 8-bit
conversion or a 10-bit conversion. 10-bit conversion would
3. A Wireless Methodology of Heartattack Detection
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 07/2014/153)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 675
give higher resolution to the digitized ECG waveform. But,
the final decision was determined by the RS232
transmission. According to the PIC-C Compiler Manual,
when defining #use RS232, bits sent can only be between 5
and 9. Because 10 are not in this range, we decided to do 8-
bit A/D conversion.
D. Heart Attack Detection
When the microcontroller on the walking watch has
received digital ECG data from the wrists, it will check for
heart attack symptoms. We decided to use the heart attack
algorithm developed by the previous project. We would like
to indicate to the user his heart condition so that he can take
proper action like slowing down or taking a rest before heart
attack really happens to him.
E. Emergency Calling
Previous project needed to use a Bluetooth module and a
laptop to make an emergency call. Our goal was to eliminate
the laptop. Our project will execute emergency calling with
just a Bluetooth module. Bluetooth communication is
wireless. The user can put his cell phone anywhere he wants
as long as it is within the range of the Bluetooth
communication. The user does not have to hang his cell
phone to the walking watch, making his waking watch
heavy and hindering his movement.
The band-pass filter has a lower cut-off frequency
of 1.59 Hz and an upper cut-off frequency of 106.1 Hz. The
gain of band-pass filter is 150, and the overall gain is
150×15=2250.
F. A/D Conversion and RS232 of PIC16f877
We use PIC16F877 as our microcontroller on the wrist. The
connections to the PIC are shown in Appendix 1. Oscillator
of 20 MHz is used as clock to the PIC. Analog ECG signal
is sent to Pin2 RA0. Pin4 Vref-
is connected to 0 V and Pin5
Vref+
is connected to 5 V. The analog signal will be
digitized into 8 bits. The digital values will be between 0
and 127. 0 V will correspond to 0, 1 V will correspond to
50, 2 V will correspond to 100 and 2.5 V will correspond to
125. Since the analog ECG waveform will be amplified to
only 2 V, the highest digital value will be 100. The reason of
not amplifying the signal to 2.5 V is to provide some error
of margin in the real world. The sampling will be done with
a while loop that runs continuously with the condition
always set to ‘true’. Please refer to the C codes on Appendix
5. The sampling rate of 400 Hz will be implemented by
putting a delay of 2500 us in the while loop.
After the digital values are obtained through the
A/D conversion, the digital values are parallel 8 bits. These
parallel 8 bits will be transformed into serial bits of the
format of RS232. According to Wikipedia, RS-232 is a
standard for serial binary data interchange between a DTE
(Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE(Data
Communication Equipment) [5]. In our case, the DTE will
be the PIC and the DCE will be the HP-3 transmitter. The
RS232 format will consist of a ‘start’ bit, eight data bits,
least-significant bit first, and a ‘stop’ bit. We also make sure
the logic voltage level of RS232 will be between 0 V and 5
V as required by the HP-3 transmitter.
G. EB500 Bluetooth Module and Javelin Stamp
Microcontroller
When the alert level reaches 10, emergency calling through
the user’s cell phone will be executed. In our project, the
emergency calling will be done with only the Bluetooth
module and the Javelin microcontroller. Laptop will not be
used as an intermediate between Bluetooth module and the
cell phone. When the Bluetooth module is first powered up,
it is in command mode. Communication between the
Bluetooth module and the microcontroller will be done in
the form of UART. Please refer to the codes in Appendix 6.
Microcontroller will send some commands to the Bluetooth
module to set up a Bluetooth connection with the user’s cell
phone. When the connection is successfully set up, which is
indicated by the LED on the Bluetooth module, the module
automatically switches to data mode. A successful Bluetooth
connection is nothing more than a wireless serial cable. In
data mode, everything sent by the Javelin microcontroller
will be received by the cell phone.
VI. DESIGN VERIFICATION/TESTING
A. A/D Conversion
To test the A/D conversion of the PIC, we would input a
known voltage level and check the corresponding digital
values.We tested the RS232 transmission pin of the PIC by
the oscilloscope. The scope showed TTL signal between 0 V
and 5 V. The signal was like a square wave.
B. ECG Data Collection And Wireless Transmission
Between Wrist And Watch
To test the ability to obtain ECG waveform and the
reliability of the data transmission between wrists and the
watch, we displayed digital data received by the Javelin
microcontroller on the monitor and plotted the data points in
Excel. Please refer to the Appendix 3 for some digital ECG
samples.
C. Alert Level
To test the low-risk and the high-risk LEDs, we used the
same modified data. We displayed the alert level on the
monitor and watched the LEDs. When the alert level on the
monitor was between 4 and 6, the low risk LED shone
accordingly. When the alert level on the monitor was
between 7 and 9, the high risk LED shone accordingly.
D. Emergency Calling
We used the same modified data to trigger the alert level to
rise above 9. When we did the testing, we changed the
phone number to 2173335257, which is the lab phone’s
number. The LED on the Bluetooth module light up
accordingly, the Ericsson T610 cell phone’s screen showed
the message “Dialing 2173335257” and the lab phone rang
accordingly.
E. Power Consumption
The power consumption of the unit worn on wrist is 0.046
W. The power consumption of the unit on the watch is 0.465
W when Bluetooth module is not activated. The unit
consumes 0.575 W when Bluetooth module is activated
VII. ADVACEMENTS
(1) We deleted four pages of Visual C++ codes of the
previous project. Those codes are all on Appendix
6 of the final paper of the previous project. The
codes are very technical and complicated. In
deleting them, we consider a big improvement in
reducing the complexity of the project greatly, in
saving power consumption of the project to run
much fewer codes and in making the project to run
at a faster time.
4. A Wireless Methodology of Heartattack Detection
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 07/2014/153)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 676
(2) We did not use a laptop as an intermediate between
the Bluetooth module and the cell phone. Laptop is
a very powerful machine that can store any
programs like phone dialing program and can have
hardware like Bluetooth and infra-red. Our project
will never be marketable and useable if it required
a laptop strapped to the watch. The elimination of
the laptop greatly simplifies the hardware
requirement. This elimination will reduce power
consumption and the project’s executing time.
(3) No wire is attached to the wrists. In our project, the
ECG waveform is transmitted wirelessly from the
wrists to the watch. This gives the user great
flexibility while the program is switched on and
running. User can drive safely, can use restroom
easily and can function normally like without the
project. Previous project had the wire connection.
All the hardware on the walking watch would have
been strapped to the wrists. This will not make the
project functional and marketable.
(4) Our project is completely portable. We have two
main units. One main unit is worn on the wrists and
the other is installed on the walking watch. The
wrist unit with batteries is 3.4 oz and the watch unit
with batteries is 6.4 oz.
(5) Heart condition is displayed in our project. The
previous project did not inform the user about his
heart condition. We display the heart condition
through two LEDs as low-risk (alert level between
4 and 6) and high risk (alert level between 7 and 9).
The user can know their heart condition and take
proper action to avoid the fatal moment. Proper
action could be slowing down and taking a rest.
VIII. CONCLUSION
The Wrist watch with Heart Attack Detection functions as
designed overall. ECG waves properly collected from
analog circuitry unit. The transmitting and receiving of A/D
converted waveform performed as expected. The most
significant improvement was the emergency calling part.
We successfully deleted the laptop between Bluetooth
module and the mobile phone when activating emergency
calling.
A. Sample Normal ECG Waveforms
(These samples were collected from team members)
Sample 1
Sample 2
REFERENCES
[1] Hwang, Limsui, Zhao, “Wireless Heart Attack
Detector with GPS”, ECE445. University of
Illinois, Fall 2004,
https://courses.ece.uiuc.edu/ece445/cgibin/view_pr
oject.pl?fall2004_24
[2] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Disease
and Condition Index, “What Is a Heart
Attack?”,August2003.
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Heart
Attack/HeartAttack_WhatIs.html
[3] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Disease
and Condition Index, “What Is Coronary Artery
Disease?”, August 2003,
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Cad/
CAD_WhatIs.html
[4] ECG-Library.2002.
http://www.ecglibrary.com/ecghome.html
[5] Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, “RS-232”, April
30, 2005, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
1 18 35 52 69 86 103 120 137 154 171 188 205 222 239 256 273 290
Series1