This document describes a microcontroller-based heart rate monitoring project. The project uses a light-based sensor to detect changes in blood volume in the finger with each heartbeat. The microcontroller counts the heartbeats over a 15 second period and displays the heart rate measurement on a 7-segment LED display. Key features include a digital optical heart rate sensor, 15 second sampling time, 3 digit display, on-board pulse LED indicator, start-stop and reset buttons, and a microcontroller design for flexibility. The document discusses the system block diagram and functions of the microcontroller, heart rate sensor, display, and oscillator. It also provides the typical adult heart rate range and explains how the heart rate is detected and measured.
Arduino based heartbeat monitoring system.Arkadeep Dey
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
The work is aimed at measurement of heartbeat and displays the information on an alphanumeric (or Graphical) LCD display. The heartbeat monitor uses LED and an LDR based sensor to determine the heartbeat.
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
Heart beat monitor using AT89S52 microcontrollerSushil Mishra
We , in this project are measuring the heart beat using the pulse oximetry logic.
The timer we have set for counting the heart beat is 30s.
There is a set point we can decide, after 30 s the heartbeat would be shown on the LCD along with a buzzer sound (if it exceeds the set point).
A Wireless Methodology of Heart Attack Detectionijsrd.com
The wrist watch with Heart Attack Detection is equipment that is used daily to indicate heart condition, to detect heart attack and to call for emergency help. It was designed specially to help patients with heart disease.This includes three common sub units. They are Circuit, Analysis Algorithm, and Bluetooth Communication. The first one is to wear on the wrist of the patient to captures the abnormal heart beat waves from the victim and the alternate methods are installed under the stick. This project is based on the previous project “Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS†of Fall 2004 [1]. we consider a big improvement in reducing the complexity of the project greatly, in saving power consumption of the project to run much fewer codes and in making the project to run at a faster time. No wire is attached to the wrists. In our project, the ECG waveform is transmitted wirelessly from the wrists to the watch. This gives the user great flexibility while the program is switched on and running. User can drive safely, can use restroom easily and can function normally like without the project. Previous project had the wire connection. All the hardware on the walking watch would have been strapped to the wrists. This will not make the project functional and marketable. Our project is completely portable. Heart condition is displayed in our project. The previous project did not inform the user about his heart condition. We display the heart condition through two LEDs as low-risk (alert level between 4 and 6) and high risk (alert level between 7 and 9). The user can know their heart condition and take proper action to avoid the fatal moment. Proper action could be slowing down and taking a rest.
Arduino based heartbeat monitoring system.Arkadeep Dey
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
The work is aimed at measurement of heartbeat and displays the information on an alphanumeric (or Graphical) LCD display. The heartbeat monitor uses LED and an LDR based sensor to determine the heartbeat.
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
Heart beat monitor using AT89S52 microcontrollerSushil Mishra
We , in this project are measuring the heart beat using the pulse oximetry logic.
The timer we have set for counting the heart beat is 30s.
There is a set point we can decide, after 30 s the heartbeat would be shown on the LCD along with a buzzer sound (if it exceeds the set point).
A Wireless Methodology of Heart Attack Detectionijsrd.com
The wrist watch with Heart Attack Detection is equipment that is used daily to indicate heart condition, to detect heart attack and to call for emergency help. It was designed specially to help patients with heart disease.This includes three common sub units. They are Circuit, Analysis Algorithm, and Bluetooth Communication. The first one is to wear on the wrist of the patient to captures the abnormal heart beat waves from the victim and the alternate methods are installed under the stick. This project is based on the previous project “Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS†of Fall 2004 [1]. we consider a big improvement in reducing the complexity of the project greatly, in saving power consumption of the project to run much fewer codes and in making the project to run at a faster time. No wire is attached to the wrists. In our project, the ECG waveform is transmitted wirelessly from the wrists to the watch. This gives the user great flexibility while the program is switched on and running. User can drive safely, can use restroom easily and can function normally like without the project. Previous project had the wire connection. All the hardware on the walking watch would have been strapped to the wrists. This will not make the project functional and marketable. Our project is completely portable. Heart condition is displayed in our project. The previous project did not inform the user about his heart condition. We display the heart condition through two LEDs as low-risk (alert level between 4 and 6) and high risk (alert level between 7 and 9). The user can know their heart condition and take proper action to avoid the fatal moment. Proper action could be slowing down and taking a rest.
Patient Health Monitoring System Using Arduino & ESP8266Rishav Pandey
Sometimes it happens when patients struggles to find hospital beds but due to high number of covid patients they are forced to stay at home and aren't monitored by any doctor. This Health Monitoring System designed with the help of Arduino UNO board and ESP8266 wifi microchip helps the doctor to monitor the patient remotely (connected via an IoT based platform ThingSpeak). ESP8266 wi-fi microchip is used to provide internet connectivity to our project (or we can connect our project to any wifi using same). The system consists of a pulse sensor and and an LM35 temperature sensor which measures the patient's heart beats per minute and body temperature respectively. The Arduino reads the sensor data, converts them into string, passes them to the IoT platform (ThingSpeak) and also displays the BPM and body temperature on LCD display.
In this way a doctor can remotely monitor the patients and take appropriate actions when required.
Report on Automatic Heart Rate monitoring using Arduino UnoAshfaqul Haque John
Automatic heart rate monitoring using Arduino. This is a report based on project. It includes the circuit diagram and the PCB layout diagram of the circuit
The heart acts as a pump that circulates oxygen and
nutrient carrying blood around the body in order to keep
it functioning. When the body is exerted the rate at which
the heart beats will vary proportional to the amount of
effort being exerted. By detecting the voltage created by
the beating of the heart, its rate can be easily observed
and used for a number of health purposes. Heart pounds
to pump oxygen-rich blood to your muscles and to carry
cell waste products away from your muscles. The heart rate gives a good indication during exercise routines of
how effective that routine is improving your health.
Building of heart beat rate monitor & object detector by md syeduzzaman s...Syeduzzaman Sohag
In the recent years, huge improvements have been noticed in the world of technology and computerized systems. In the biomedical world, the equipment should features of user-friendly operation, portability, high level of safety and lower cost. These biomedical equipment ranges from medical diagnosis and treatments to provide supports for disable people for their daily movements.
In Bangladesh, to ensure better healthcare, we are looking forward to getting the best equipment with the least cost. The needs of my country basically motivate me in aiming this project.
This project has two parts, in the first part, the effort has made to build a simple, less expensive, graphic based heart beat rate monitor system which can be used for medical diagnosis. In the second part, an object detector system has been developed to help physically handicapped persons to detect object in front of them. The Object detector system can be modified for the vehicles safety as well as to minimize the risk at road accidents during travelling through foggy condition.
Biomedical Instrumentation Presentation on Infrared Emitter-Detector and Ardu...Redwan Islam
In this project, we measured human heart rate using IR emitter and detector, Arduino board and some other low cost component. We observed heart rate of some individuals with IR emitter and detector, Arduino Board and Processing 2.0 software, and attached the result in the report. We compared the cost of heart rate monitor that uses IR emitter and detector, and the one that uses pulse sensor.
Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fing...xpressafridi
The basic idea behind this project is that anyone can stay connected with the doctor 24 hrs. It continuously provides following information to doctors.
Heart pulse rate
Temperature of human body
Its kind of technology to society.
The the project is of a Heart Monitoring Device which keeps a track of your heart beats.
If the person is getting Heart Attack, the device sends a message to pre-coded number(eg. Hospital, Doctor, Relative), so that the person can be treated.
An integrated portable device for continuous heart rate and body temperature monitoring system development is presented in this paper (Proc. of 2nd EICT, 2015). Heart related diseases are increasing day by day; therefore, an accurate, affordable and portable heart rate and body temperature measuring device is essential for taking action in proper time. Such a device is more essential in a situation where there is no doctor or clinic nearby (e.g., rural area) and patients are unable not recognize their actual condition. The developed system of this study consists of Arduino UNO microcontroller system, transmission system and Android based application. The system gives information of heart rate and body temperature simultaneously acquired on the portable device in real time and shows it through the connected Android application instantly. The developed system is more affordable with low price compared to other developed devices due to use of easy available Arduino UNO and smart phone as Android device. The developed device is shown acceptable outcomes when compared with other measuring devices.
Patient Health Monitoring System Using Arduino & ESP8266Rishav Pandey
Sometimes it happens when patients struggles to find hospital beds but due to high number of covid patients they are forced to stay at home and aren't monitored by any doctor. This Health Monitoring System designed with the help of Arduino UNO board and ESP8266 wifi microchip helps the doctor to monitor the patient remotely (connected via an IoT based platform ThingSpeak). ESP8266 wi-fi microchip is used to provide internet connectivity to our project (or we can connect our project to any wifi using same). The system consists of a pulse sensor and and an LM35 temperature sensor which measures the patient's heart beats per minute and body temperature respectively. The Arduino reads the sensor data, converts them into string, passes them to the IoT platform (ThingSpeak) and also displays the BPM and body temperature on LCD display.
In this way a doctor can remotely monitor the patients and take appropriate actions when required.
Report on Automatic Heart Rate monitoring using Arduino UnoAshfaqul Haque John
Automatic heart rate monitoring using Arduino. This is a report based on project. It includes the circuit diagram and the PCB layout diagram of the circuit
The heart acts as a pump that circulates oxygen and
nutrient carrying blood around the body in order to keep
it functioning. When the body is exerted the rate at which
the heart beats will vary proportional to the amount of
effort being exerted. By detecting the voltage created by
the beating of the heart, its rate can be easily observed
and used for a number of health purposes. Heart pounds
to pump oxygen-rich blood to your muscles and to carry
cell waste products away from your muscles. The heart rate gives a good indication during exercise routines of
how effective that routine is improving your health.
Building of heart beat rate monitor & object detector by md syeduzzaman s...Syeduzzaman Sohag
In the recent years, huge improvements have been noticed in the world of technology and computerized systems. In the biomedical world, the equipment should features of user-friendly operation, portability, high level of safety and lower cost. These biomedical equipment ranges from medical diagnosis and treatments to provide supports for disable people for their daily movements.
In Bangladesh, to ensure better healthcare, we are looking forward to getting the best equipment with the least cost. The needs of my country basically motivate me in aiming this project.
This project has two parts, in the first part, the effort has made to build a simple, less expensive, graphic based heart beat rate monitor system which can be used for medical diagnosis. In the second part, an object detector system has been developed to help physically handicapped persons to detect object in front of them. The Object detector system can be modified for the vehicles safety as well as to minimize the risk at road accidents during travelling through foggy condition.
Biomedical Instrumentation Presentation on Infrared Emitter-Detector and Ardu...Redwan Islam
In this project, we measured human heart rate using IR emitter and detector, Arduino board and some other low cost component. We observed heart rate of some individuals with IR emitter and detector, Arduino Board and Processing 2.0 software, and attached the result in the report. We compared the cost of heart rate monitor that uses IR emitter and detector, and the one that uses pulse sensor.
Microcontroller Based Heart Beat and Temperature Monitoring System using Fing...xpressafridi
The basic idea behind this project is that anyone can stay connected with the doctor 24 hrs. It continuously provides following information to doctors.
Heart pulse rate
Temperature of human body
Its kind of technology to society.
The the project is of a Heart Monitoring Device which keeps a track of your heart beats.
If the person is getting Heart Attack, the device sends a message to pre-coded number(eg. Hospital, Doctor, Relative), so that the person can be treated.
An integrated portable device for continuous heart rate and body temperature monitoring system development is presented in this paper (Proc. of 2nd EICT, 2015). Heart related diseases are increasing day by day; therefore, an accurate, affordable and portable heart rate and body temperature measuring device is essential for taking action in proper time. Such a device is more essential in a situation where there is no doctor or clinic nearby (e.g., rural area) and patients are unable not recognize their actual condition. The developed system of this study consists of Arduino UNO microcontroller system, transmission system and Android based application. The system gives information of heart rate and body temperature simultaneously acquired on the portable device in real time and shows it through the connected Android application instantly. The developed system is more affordable with low price compared to other developed devices due to use of easy available Arduino UNO and smart phone as Android device. The developed device is shown acceptable outcomes when compared with other measuring devices.
digital tachometer is used to measure heart beat rate by measuring the no of pulses in the finger tip due to pumping of blood by heart.when heart pumps blood,volume of blood inside finger tip increases on the other hand when heart contracts,volume of blood inside finger tip decreases.
Heart Attack Detection VIA HEART Beat Monitor System Utkarsh Lokpriye
A heart rate monitor is a personal monitoring device which allows one to measure his or her heart rate in real time or record the heart rate for later study. It is largely used by performers of various types of physical exercise
ECG SIGNAL ACQUISITION, FEATURE EXTRACTION AND HRV ANALYSIS USING BIOMEDICAL ...IAEME Publication
This Paper contains the complete process of ECG/EKG signal Acquisition from
hardware to its analysis using LabVIEW and Biomedical Workbench. Hardware of ECG
has the amplification, filtering and conversion of analog ECG data to digital by using
Arduino Uno. The acquisition part deal with acquiring the hardware data to analyzable
file format into pc. Here 6-channel ADC in Arduino Uno with LabVIEW interface is used
for conversion. Now the acquired ECG data is processed and analyzed with biomedical
workbench that provides the various features of ECG signal processing. This system is
very easy to implement and cost effective
Nowadays numerous persons are mislaying their life owing to heart attack and shortage of medical attention to patient at correct stage.We all know heart attack can kill your life in 3 attempts but now days it can be dangerous in first attempt also. If checking our health regularly on daily basis then we can detect so many different diseases by detecting them previously, Life is precious. Many people among us lose their life to heart attack. Heart attack is not easy to detect, To overcome and help our society from heart diseases and attack, we are developing such a system which will help to decrease the death rate and early detection a heart attack. Hence, in this project we are implementing heart rate monitoring and heart attack recognition system . The sensor is then interfaced to a micro-controller that allows checking heart rate readings and transmitting them over Internet. The user may set the high as well as low level of heart beat limit. Once these limits are set the system can start monitoring the patient’s heartbeat and as soon as the heart beat readings goes above or below the limit set by the user the system will send an alert about high or low heartbeat as well about chances of heart attack . For this the system uses two circuits. One is the transmitting circuit which is with the patient and the other is the receiver circuit which is being supervised by the doctor or nurse. The system makes use of heart beat sensor to find out the current heart beat level and display it on the LCD screen.
An Efficient Design and FPGA Implementation of JPEG Encoder using Verilog HDLijsrd.com
Image compression is the reduction or elimination of redundancy in data representation in order to achieve reduction in storage and communication cost. For this we use the simple computational method, 2D-DCT, using two 1D-DCT performed on matrix of (8X8). The DCT is a technique that converts a signal from spatial domain to frequency domain. Here we first convert the image into minimum code units. Then 2-D DCT is applied on each block. Then further process of Quantization, Zig-Zag approach and encoding is applied on the processed data. The architecture uses 3049 slices, 2,457 LUT, 46 I/Os of Xilinx Spartan-3 XC3S1600.
An Implementation of Embedded System in Patient Monitoring Systemijsrd.com
This paper deals with the measuring of multi-parameter to measure ECG, temperature, evoked potential, respiration rate which uses sensors to measure the patient condition continuously in ICU. For each parameter it uses separate sensors .this multi-channel parameter uses special type of sensors called infracted rays (IR) which are not harmful to human body. All this signals are collected from the patient's body then it is send to the computer and it is diagnosed by the doctor .It reduces the work for the doctors and it gives accurate values. If any abnormalities in the patient's body it produces alarm and it alerts the doctors. This paper also deals with online videography i.e the doctors can view the patient's condition anywhere from the hospital's. Results are stored in the secondary storage system in computer for future reference. the results are obtained in the form of graph, waveforms.
Design and Implementation of Real Time Remote Supervisory SystemIJERA Editor
In today’s fast growing communication environment and rapid exchange of data in networking field has triggered us to develop a home based remote supervisory monitoring system. In the present paper the physiological parameters of the patient such as body temperature, ECG, Pulse rate and Oxygen Saturation is displayed in MATLAB graphical user interface which is processed using ARM7 LPC2138. In case any emergency persist and parameters goes abnormal over the optimum level then a buzzer will ring to alert the caretaker. And the vital parameters will be displayed on the patient side computer and an automatic SMS will be sent to the doctor using GSM interface.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
Heartbeat monitor USING IC PIC16F72
1. Presenting by
Girish KumarS M
Ganesh KumarJR
Bhanuprakash C
NarayanaSwamy K
Shaik Saif Ulla
Subramani YN
Subramani S
Madhu M S
Guiding by:-
Mr. M.
ANANTHRAMME
Selection Grade Lecturer
Department of Electronics
and communication
engineering
2.
3. INTRODUCTION
Heart rate measurement indicates the soundness of the
human cardiovascular system. This project demonstrates a
technique to measure the heart rate by sensing the change in
blood volume in a finger artery while the heart is pumping the
blood. Heart rate can be measured either by the ECG waveform
or by the blood flow into the finger (pulse method). The blood
flow into the finger can be sensed photo electrically. To count
the heart beats, here we use a small light source on one side of
the finger (thumb) and observe the change in light intensity on
the other side.
4. 1. Digital / Optical Hear Rate Sensor Interfacing (No need any
circuit calibration)
2. Heart rate Sampling Time = > 20 (15) seconds
3. 3 digit seven segment LED Display
4. On board LED indicator for Heart Pulse
5. On board Start-Stop and Reset Switches
6. Microcontroller based design for greater flexibility
7. Operating voltage – 9 to 12V DC
8. Operating current – 500 ma (Approx.)
9. Diode protection for reverse polarity connection of DC supply
to the PCB
10.Onboard regulator for regulated supply to the kit
Specifications And Features:
6. The block diagram consists of following
functional blocks
1. Microcontroller
2. Heart rate sensor
3. Display
4. Oscillator
7. 1.Microcontroller (PIC16F72)
Microcontroller is the heart of the circuit which
controls all the operations of the circuit using a
Microcontroller greatly reduces the components count
while providing more features than could be found using
dedicated logic ICs. Once the start button pressed the
Microcontroller enable the heart rate sensor module for 15
sec during this interval the No. Of pulses arriving in body
counted through the sensors.
8. 1. High performance RISC CPU
2. Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input DC - 200 ns
instruction cycle
3. 2 ~ 4K FLASH Program Memory,
4. 128 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)
5. 10-bit multi-channel Analog-to-Digital converter
6. Programmable code protection
7. Power saving SLEEP mode
8. Selectable oscillator options
9. Low power, high speed CMOS FLASH / EEPROM technology
SPECIAL MICROCONTROLLER FEATURES:
9. Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of
heat beat when a finger is placed on it. When the heart beat
detector is working, the beat LED flashes in unison with each
heartbeat. This digital output can be connected to
microcontroller directly to measure the Beats per Minute (BPM)
rate. It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow
through finger at each pulse.
2. Heart rate sensor
10. A seven-segment display, less commonly known as
a seven-segment indicator, is a form of electronic display
device for displaying decimal numerals that is an
alternative to the more complex dot-matrix displays.
Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks,
electronic meters, and other electronic devices for
displaying numerical information.
3. Display
11. A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that
uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal
of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal
with a very precise frequency.
A 4 MHz crystal provides accurate timing and
an easily divisible clock source for the internal
hardware timers. This high frequency clock source is
used to control the sequencing of CPU instruction.
4. Oscillators
12. Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time
and is usually expressed in beats per minute (bpm).In adults, a
normal heart beat about 60 to 100 times a minute during
resting condition. You can count the number of pulses within
a certain interval (say 15 sec), and easily determine the heart
rate in bpm.
HEART RATE DETECTION WORKING
14. Conclusion
Today’s microcontroller based circuits are used in every
field; they are also easy to operate. The microcontroller based
heartbeat monitor is used in hospitals and clinics. In this project
heartbeat rate can be measured by simple method i.e. just keep
finger on the sensor, that will sense and counts heartbeat rate.
The disadvantage is the heartbeat sensor works on the
principle of amount of blood flows in the finger and that blood
flow causes variation in light intensity reaching the photo diode.
Some times while measuring blood rate the measured value may
be wrong due to external light source.