The document explains the concept of a system and its characteristics, types of systems, and provides a detailed overview of computers and computer systems, including their types, components, and software. It also discusses future trends in computing, such as the Internet of Things, virtual and augmented reality, and advancements in wireless technology. The document categorizes hardware into input, output, processing, and storage devices while differentiating between system software and application software.

1. What is System?
• A set of things working
together as parts of a
mechanism.
• Interconnecting network a
complex whole.
• According to Cambridge
Dictionary:
A set of ​connected things
or ​devices that ​operate
together.

2. Common characteristics of a System
• A system has structure.
• A system has behaviour.
• A system has interconnectivity.
Types of System
• Open systems
• Closed systems

3. What is Computer?
• The term Computer comes from the word “Compute”.
• Compute means “To calculate”.
• An electronic device that receives
Input => Stores it => Operate it => and gives the user
with an output.
-OR-
• An electronic device which converts data into
information.

4. What is Computer System?
• Combination of
hardware and
software.
• Typical computer
system has memory
and set of0
instructions.

5. TYPES OF COMPUTERS

6. Computer sizes and Power
Computer can be generally classified by size and
power
• Personal computer
• Workstation
• Mini computer
• Wearable computer
• Laptops
• Palmtops
• PDA
• Mainframe computer
• Super computer

7. PERSONAL COMPUTER
Computers designed for use by a single person.
• Less expensive
• Basically divided between Apple and PCs
• Graphics capability
• Types:
Desktop
Laptop
Smart phones
Workstations

8. Work station
• Simply a desktop
computer
• Has more powerful
processor
• Additional memory
• Perform a special task
• 3D graphics
• Game development
• Also called notebooks
• Portable computer
• Has a keyboard and
pointing device
• Larger than hardcover
book
Laptops

9. Wearable Computer
• It’s a latest trend in
computing
• common computer
applications (e-mail,
database, multimedia,
calendar/scheduler) are
integrated into watches,
cell phones, visors and
even clothing.
PDA
• Personal digital assistant
• Often used flash memory instead
of hard drive
• Do not have keyboards
• Rely on touch screen technology
• Larger and heavier version of PDA
is
Hand held computer

10. COMPUTERS FOR ORGANIZATIONS
Mainframe Computer
• Used in early days of
computing
• Used in large companies
• Store large amount of data
POPULAR MAINFRAME
Fujitsu’s ICL VME
Hitachi’s Z800
Super Computers
• The primary storage capacity
• Speed of processing data,
and
• Ability to support different
input, output and mass
storage devices such as
printers, tape drives, etc.
• Quite expensive

11. Components of Computer Systems
1. Hardware
2. Software

12. HARDWARE
Hardware is a physical component of computer. Basically it is a
type of tools, machinery and other durable equipment.
Examples
Monitor Keyboard Mouse

13. Types of hardware
There are four types:
 Input devices
 Output devices
 Processing device
 Storage devices
1. Input devices:
The devices which feeds data into computer.
Examples
Microphone Joystick Computer Gamepad

14. 2. Output devices
The devices that give output to the user are output devices.
Examples:
Speakers Projector Headphones
3. Processing devices
The devices which handles the intermediate stages, being
responsible for controlling the storage and retrieval of data..
Examples:
CPU

15. CPU(Central Processing Unit)
• It is the brain of computer.
• It carries all the instructions and
then works.
Components of CPU:
• ALU
• CU
• Algorithm logic unit: It performs all
the algorithm computations like
addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division.

16. Control Unit:
The CU is responsible for executing and
storing the results coming out of ALU.
Motherboard
• It is the physical part of computer
that contains the computer basic
circuitry and components. It includes:
– The microprocessor
– Coprocessors
– Memory
– Interconnecting circuitry

17. Internal Hardware
• Internal hardware means
inside the computer.
• Examples
Sound card
Memory
DVD
Fax modem
External Hardware
• External hardware means
outside the computer.
• Examples
LCD
Printer
Keyboard
CPU

18. SOFTWARE
Software
means computer
instructions or data.
Anything that can
be stored
electronically is
software.

19. CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE
Software is divided
into two categories:
• System Software
• Application
Software

20. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
System software is computer
software designed to operate and
control the computer hardware and
to provide a platform for
running application software.
System software can be separated
into two different categories.
Operating System
Utility software

21. OPERATING SYSTEM
The operating
system allows the
parts of a
computer to work
together by
performing
different tasks.

22. UTILITY SOFTWARE
Utility software helps to analyze,
configure, optimize and maintain
the computer. It is used to
support the computer
infrastructure.
EXAMPLE:
• Antivirus
• Backup software
• Data compression

23. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Application software are often
called productivity programs
or end-user programs because
they enable the user to
complete tasks.
EXAMPLE:
• Chrome
• Excel

24. Journey to the centre of a
computer system

25. How a
computer works?

26. Example of a mathematical
calculation.

27. Editing a picture

28. Example of a web browser
web browser has to
communicate back and
forth with online resources

29. COMPUTER SYSTEMS IN THE FUTURE

30. The Internet of Things
• Everything is connected.
• Machine-to-machine
(M2M) communication.
• Networks of sensors.
• Cloud computing.
• Providing mobile and
instantaneous connection.
Computers would simply disappear into your environment!

31. How IoT would change the world
• A world thoroughly connected.
• Safe and sustainable cities.
• An environment that is cleaner, sustainable, and more
livable.
Healthcare
Environmental
Management Industry

32. Virtual and Augmented Reality
A simulated, three-
dimensional world that a
user can manipulate and
explore while feeling as if
he were in that world.
Examples:
 Oculus Rift
 PlayStation VR
 Microsoft HoloLens

33. Wireless Future
• Innovations in WiFi
• Connectivity without cables
• Wireless charging
Perceptual Computing
• Interacting with your PC
using natural senses rather
than traditional interface
methods.