The World Wide Web (WWW) is a global information repository that uses a unique combination of features, making it user-friendly and versatile. Websites consist of web pages linked through URLs, which enable clients (browsers) to request and retrieve documents from servers via protocols like HTTP. Web documents can be static, with fixed content, or dynamic, generated by servers upon request, utilizing technologies such as HTML for static pages and CGI for dynamic document creation.

1. World Wide Web
By Dr R Jegadeesan
Jyothishmathi Institute of technology and
Science karimnagar

2. • The World Wide Web (WWW) is a repository of
information linked together from points all over the
world.
• The WWW has a unique combination of flexibility ,
portability, and user-friendly features that
distinguish it from other services provided by the
Internet.
• The WWW project was initiated by CERN (Conseil
Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) European
Organization for Nuclear Research.

3. ARCHITECTURE

4. • Each site holds one or more documents,
referred to as Web pages.
• Each Web page can contain a link to other
pages in the same site or at other sites.
• The pages can be retrieved and viewed by
using browsers.

5. • In the above figure the client needs to see some
information that it belongs to site A.
• It sends a request through its browser, a
program that is designed to fetch Web
documents.
• The request, among other information,
includes the address of the site and the Web
page, called the URL

6. • The server at site A finds the document and
sends it to the client.
• When the user views the document, she/he
finds some references to other documents,
including a Web page at site B.
• The reference has the URL for the new site.
• The user is also interested in seeing this
document.
• The client sends another request to the new
site and the new page is retrieved.

7. Client (Browser)
• A variety of vendors offer commercial browsers
• Each browser usually consists of three parts:
Controller
 Client Protocol
 Interpreters.

8. Client (Browser)

9. • The controller receives input from the keyboard or
the mouse and uses the client programs to access
the document.
• The client protocol can be one of the protocols
such as FTP , HTTP, SMTP, TELNET
• After the document has been accessed, the
controller uses one of the interpreters to display
the document on the screen.
• The interpreter can be HTML, Java, or
JavaScript, depending on the type of document.

10. Server
• The Web page is stored at the server.
• Each time a client request arrives, the
corresponding document is sent to the client.
• To improve efficiency, servers normally store
requested files in a cache in memory;
memory is faster to access than disk.
• A server can also become more efficient
through multiprocessing.
• In this case, a server can answer more than
one request at a time.

11. • A client that wants to access a Web page
needs the address.
• URL is the global address of documents on
the World Wide Web.
• The URL defines four things:
Protocol
Host Computer
 Port
 Path

12. Uniform Resource Locator

13. Protocol
• The protocol is the client/server program
used to retrieve the document.
• Many different protocols can retrieve a
document; among them are FTP or HTTP.
• The most common today is HTTP.

14. Host
• The hostname is basically the “domain” to
which the URL is referring.
• The hostname can actually be broken down into
several parts:
• .com .edu .net— this is actually the “top level
domain.”
• “example.com” is often referred to as the “sub
domain” for the .com top level domain..
• Host names are usually begin with the
characters "www".

15. Port
• The URL can optionally contain the port
number of the server.
• If the port is included, it is inserted between the
host and the path, and it is separated from the
host by a colon(:)
• URL : http://www.example.com:8080/path/

16. Path
• Path is the pathname of the file where the
information is located. Note that the path can
itself contain slashes
• For example
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page#/me
dia/File:Irises-Vincent_van_Gogh.jpg

17. WEB DOCUMENTS
• The documents in the WWW can be grouped
into three broad categories:
Static documents
 Dynamic documents

18. Static documents
• Static documents are fixed-content documents that are created
and stored in a server.
• The client can get only a copy of the document.
• In other words, the contents of the file are determined when
the file is created, not when it is used.
• Of course, the contents in the server can be changed, but the
user cannot change them.
• When a client accesses the document, a copy of the document
is sent.
• The user can then use a browsing program to display the
document

19. • Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) is a
language used to create static Web pages

20. Dynamic documents
• A dynamic document is created by a Web
server whenever a browser requests the
document.
• When a request arrives, the Web server runs
an application program or a script that
creates the dynamic document.
• A very simple example of a dynamic
document is the retrieval of the time and date
from a server.

22. • The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a
standard for creating and handling dynamic
Web documents.
• A CGI program with its embedded CGI
interface tags can be written in a language
such as C, C++, Shell Script, or Perl.