This document discusses vibration monitoring in hydropower plants. It begins by introducing hydropower as a renewable energy source and notes that vibration of equipment has long been a problem. It then discusses various sources of vibration in hydropower plants, including electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic vibration. Rotating equipment like turbines and motors as well as non-rotating equipment can experience vibration issues. Online and offline vibration monitoring techniques are used to examine equipment performance and identify faults. The advantages of online monitoring include reduced operation and maintenance costs, safety improvements, informed replacement decisions, and improved equipment life and efficiency.

1. Advance VIBRATION
TITLE :- REASON OF VIBRATION IN
HYDROPOWER PALNT AND WAY OF
ALLEVATING
Student Sisay K.
Instructor Prof Rao.
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2. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
 Introduction
 Vibration source in HPS
 Monitoring Vibration in HPS
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3. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
Introduction
• Hydropower is a renewable and sustainable energy source, having
multiple advantages and benefits in the field of economy and
environment when compared with traditional fossil fuel, which motivates
the universal construction of hydropower stations in many countries.
• Vibrationof equipment has beena severe problemin Hydro Power
Stations (HPS) fromthe verybeginning of power generation.
• Failure of the equipment due to vibration causes shut down, or
sometimes, even a disaster in hydro power station (HPS).
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4. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
• VCM has to be done to examine the performance of such
equipment online automatically and to know the status of
complex systems in hydropower generation.
• In HPS, online vibration monitoring is provided in various
parts of hydrogenating equipment’s including relative
shaft vibration, bearings absolute vibration, turbine
cover vibration, thrust bearing axial vibration, stator
core vibrations, stator bar vibrations, stator end
winding vibrations.
• Non-contact capacitive proximity probes are usually
provided to dynamically monitor the motion of the
generator/turbine shaft relative to the bearings.
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5. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
Reason of vibration for HPS
Performance of a Machine or equipment are defined by vibration
amplitude.
As this vibration amplitude increases the rotational elements cause
more severe problems.
The main sources of vibration are:-
Electrical vibration
Mechanical vibration
Hydraulic vibration
Vibrations occur not only on rotating equipment, but also on non-rotating equipment
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6. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
Rotating equipment
• Turbine runner
• Rotor
• Motor
• Mechanical imbalance
• Hydraulic imbalance
• Misalignment
• Cavitation
• Turbine bearing instability
• Rough zone operation
• Improper lubrication of
mechanical parts
• Defective bearing
Reasons of vibration
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7. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
Non rotating equipment
•Transformer
•Penstock
•Generator
• Draft tube: Cavitation, Power
Swings and Draft Tube
Resonance.
• Seal erosion: Depends on water
quality.
• Penstock resonance: Cavitation
• Generator: Electromagnetic
force
• Transformer: Magneto motive
forces
Reason for vibration
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8. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
Vibration control mechanism
•VM technique is very useful
for timely identification of
the fault due to excessive
vibration
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9. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
• Signal acquisitionand processing is requiredto distinguishthe vibration
fault in HPS equipment whichnormally varies depending upon thenature
of the fault
• VCMof the equipment in a plant gives the correlationbetween recorded
vibrationdata and its mechanical condition
• Proper VCManalysis facilitates to detectthe equipment degradation prior
to damage.
• Vibrationoccurs when the natural frequency of a machineshaft matches
with the frequencycomponents of fluctuations
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10. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
• When the vibration level is above permissible limits, sources of
vibrations should be identified and proper action should be
taken to bring it within safe limits.
• Condition monitoring and fault diagnostics are involved with
the following steps.
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Signal acquisition
Signal analysis
Signal storage
Data transfer and
storage
Data selection

11. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
• On-line condition monitoring and diagnostic give
information to on-site working personnel and to control
room display as well
• OVC can detect shaft misalignment, bearing damage,
shaft imbalance etc. with different generator data.
• Vibration information is necessary for finding the health
of hydro power generator.
• Different vibration sensors used to monitor the hydro
power generator are accelerometers, audio microphones,
and eddy current proximity probes
Online VCM
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12. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
Cont.…,
The advantages of on-line monitoring of
Hydro generating equipment have been
mentioned below.
• Operation and maintenance cost can
be reduced.
• Risks to the person can be reduced.
• According to system parameters,
equipment can be replaced.
• Major breakdowns can be
minimized.
• Life and efficiency of equipment can
be improved.
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13. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
Offline VCM
• In this technique, maintenance is normally scheduled at
regular or irregular basis as corrective or preventive
maintenance.
• Technician could collect information manually and the
collected information will be analyzed and then,
interpreted
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14. ADVANCE
VIBRATION
Thank you !
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