This document discusses power quality issues and solutions. It describes several common power quality problems including voltage sags, micro-interruptions, long interruptions, voltage spikes, voltage swells, and harmonic distortion. It then discusses various solutions such as improving the transmission and distribution grid, using distributed generation and energy storage systems, following codes and standards, and installing enhanced interface devices or making equipment less sensitive. The overall message is that both utilities and customers must work to ensure a high quality of electric power.
A power quality presentation includes definitions of power quality, most common power quality problems and the solutions, standard carves, and practical example of an active filter. Presented by - Eng. Shemy Elhady
Introduction to Power Quality: Terms and definitions of transients,
Long Duration Voltage Variations: under Voltage, Under Voltage and Sustained Interruptions
; Short Duration Voltage Variations: interruption, Sag, Swell; Voltage Imbalance; Notching D C offset,; waveform distortion; voltage fluctuation; power frequency variations
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
A power quality presentation includes definitions of power quality, most common power quality problems and the solutions, standard carves, and practical example of an active filter. Presented by - Eng. Shemy Elhady
Introduction to Power Quality: Terms and definitions of transients,
Long Duration Voltage Variations: under Voltage, Under Voltage and Sustained Interruptions
; Short Duration Voltage Variations: interruption, Sag, Swell; Voltage Imbalance; Notching D C offset,; waveform distortion; voltage fluctuation; power frequency variations
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS- POWER SYSTEMAnandYadav207
It's an Electrical core topic on which you can deliver your presentation with respect to your industrial certification program.
you can use Course era online courses platform as like me for this type of certification. it's really beneficial for you guys
Thanks//.
A High-Performance SPWM Controller for Three-Phase UPS Systems Operating Unde...ijiert bestjournal
The increased use of rectifiers in critical loads employed by the information technologies,and medical and military equipment mandate the design of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) with high- quality outputs. The highly nonlinear currents drawn especially by high-power single-phase rectifier loads greatly distort the uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) outputs. The distorted uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) voltages cause generation of low dc voltage at the output of the rectifier loads,which causes high current flow,increased power losses,and possibly the malfunction of the critical load or the uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). As a result,different harmonics mitigating techniques have gained a lot of attention. The main objective of this project is to develop simulation of a high-performance Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique based AC-DC converter system operating under highly nonlinear loads using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Here,controlled Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based AC-DC converter is used to supply the load instead of Diode or Thyristor Bridge. The pulse width modulation method is quite effective in controlling the root mean square (RMS) magnitude of the AC-DC converter output voltages and shape of input current. This enables automatic harmonic compensation by Rectifier itself.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS- POWER SYSTEMAnandYadav207
It's an Electrical core topic on which you can deliver your presentation with respect to your industrial certification program.
you can use Course era online courses platform as like me for this type of certification. it's really beneficial for you guys
Thanks//.
A High-Performance SPWM Controller for Three-Phase UPS Systems Operating Unde...ijiert bestjournal
The increased use of rectifiers in critical loads employed by the information technologies,and medical and military equipment mandate the design of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) with high- quality outputs. The highly nonlinear currents drawn especially by high-power single-phase rectifier loads greatly distort the uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) outputs. The distorted uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) voltages cause generation of low dc voltage at the output of the rectifier loads,which causes high current flow,increased power losses,and possibly the malfunction of the critical load or the uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). As a result,different harmonics mitigating techniques have gained a lot of attention. The main objective of this project is to develop simulation of a high-performance Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique based AC-DC converter system operating under highly nonlinear loads using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Here,controlled Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based AC-DC converter is used to supply the load instead of Diode or Thyristor Bridge. The pulse width modulation method is quite effective in controlling the root mean square (RMS) magnitude of the AC-DC converter output voltages and shape of input current. This enables automatic harmonic compensation by Rectifier itself.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. INTRODUCTI
ON
Power Quality means quality of the normal voltage
supplied to your facility.
The growing use of microprocessors and
electronic equipments has made us to focus on power
quality .
Equipment and machinery can be damaged or even fail
when subjected to power anomalies .
Voltage provided should be as close as possible to
nominal voltage and waveform must be pure sine wave
free from any harmonics and other disturbances.
3. POWER QUALITY
PROBLEMS:
Power Quality problems can be broadly
classified into following categories.
•Voltage sags
•Micro-interruptions
•Long interruptions
•Voltage spikes
•Voltage swells
•Harmonic distortion
4. Voltage Sags
A decrease of the normal voltage level between 10 and 90% of the nominal
rms voltage at the power frequency, for durations of 0,5 cycle to 1 minute.
Causes:
•Faults on the transmission or distribution network.
•Faults in consumer’s installation.
•Connection of heavy loads and start-up of large motors.
Consequences:
•Malfunction of microprocessor-based control systems that may lead to a
process stoppage.
•Disconnection and loss of efficiency in electric rotating machines.
5. Micro-Interruptions
Total interruption of electrical supply for duration from few
milliseconds to one or two seconds.
Causes:
•Opening and automatic reclosure of protection devices.
•Insulation failure, lightning and insulator flashover.
Consequences:
•Tripping of protection devices.
•Loss of information and malfunction of data processing equipment.
•Stoppage of sensitive equipment (such as ASDs, PCs, PLCs).
6. Long Interruptions
Total interruption of electrical supply for duration greater than 1 to 2 seconds.
Causes:
• Equipment failure in the power system network.
• Storms and objects (trees, cars, etc) striking lines or poles, fire.
• Human error, bad coordination or failure of protection devices.
Consequences:
• Stoppage of all equipment.
7. Voltage Spikes
Very fast variation of the voltage value for durations from a several
microseconds to few milliseconds.
Causes:
• Lightning.
• Switching of lines or power factor correction capacitors.
• Disconnection of heavy loads.
Consequences:
• Destruction of components and of insulation materials.
• Data processing errors or data loss.
• Electromagnetic interference.
8. Voltage Swells
Momentary increase of the voltage, at the power frequency, outside the
normal tolerances, with duration of more than one cycle and typically
less than a few seconds.
Causes:
•Start/stop of heavy loads.
•Poorly dimensioned power sources.
•Poorly regulated transformers.
Consequences:
•Flickering of lighting and screens.
•Damage or stoppage or damage of sensitive equipment.
9. Harmonic Distortion
Voltage or current waveforms assume non-sinusoidal shape. The
waveform corresponds to the sum of different sine-waves with
different magnitude and phase, having frequencies that are multiples
of power-system frequency.
Causes:
Classic sources:
electric machines working above the knee of the magnetization curve
(magnetic saturation), arc furnaces, welding machines, rectifiers, and DC
brush motors.
Modern sources:
all non-linear loads, such as power electronics equipment including
ASDs, switched mode power supplies, data processing equipment, high
efficiency lighting.
10. Consequences of harmonic distortion
• Increased probability of occurrence of resonance.
• Nuisance tripping of thermal protections.
• Electromagnetic interference.
• Increase in the losses.
• Loss of efficiency in electric machines (e.g. 5th harmonic).
12. Many PQ problems have origin in T& D
network.
A proper planned and maintained grid will
avoid many PQ problems.
-High level of redundancy;
-Cleaning of insulators;
-Trimming of trees nearby power lines…
Grid Adequacy
14. Distributed Generation
•Used to provide “clean power” to critical loads, isolating them from disturbances
with origin in the grid.
•Backup generators to assure energy supply to critical loads during sustained
outages.
•The most common solution is the combination of electrochemical batteries UPS
and a diesel genset. At present, the integration of a flywheel and a diesel genset
in a single unit is also becoming a popular solution, offered by many
manufacturers.
15. Distributed Resources – Energy Storage
Systems
Restoring technologies
. Energy storage systems, also known as restoring
technologies, are used to provide the electric loads with
ride-through capability in poor PQ environment.
18. Superconducting Magnetic Energy
Storage (SMES)
Energy is stored in the magnetic field of a coil made of
superconductor material.
•High power density
•Very fast response
•Very expensive (on development)
19. Codes and Standards
Need to regulate:
•the minimum PQ level that utilities have to provide to consumers, and
•the immunity level that equipment should have.
Most relevant standards:
• CBEMA curve
• ITIC curve
• IEC 61000
• EN 50160:2001
• IEEE standards
- 519-1992 →Harmonics
- 1100-1992 →Powering and grounding sensitive equipment
- 1159-1992 →Monitoring power quality
- 1250-1995 →Service of sensitive equipment
21. Enhanced Interface Devices
•Using proper interface devices, one can isolate the loads from disturbances deriving from
the grid. Some of the enhanced interface devices are:
A. Dynamic Voltage Restorer
A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) acts like a voltage source connected in series with the
load. The output voltage of the DVR is kept approximately constant voltage at the load
terminals.
B. Transient Voltage Surge suppressors (TVSS)
Transient voltage surge suppressors are used as interface between the power source and
sensitive loads, so that the transient voltage is clamped by the TVSS before it reaches the
load.
C. Noise Filters
Noise filters are used to avoid unwanted frequency current or voltage signals (noise) from
reaching sensitive equipment.
D.Static VAR Compensators
Static VAR compensators (SVR) use a combination of capacitors and reactors to regulate
the voltage quickly.
22. E. Harmonic Filters
Harmonic filters are used to reduce undesirable harmonics. They can be divided in
two groups:
•passive filters
•active filters.
Passive filters (left) consist in a low impedance path to the frequencies of the
harmonics to be attenuated using passive components (inductors, capacitors and
resistors).
Active filters (right) analyse the current consumed by the load and create a
current that cancel the harmonic current generated by the loads.
23. Make End-use Devices
Less Sensitive
• In most cases, making the end-use devices less sensitive to PQ
disturbances is more cost effective than buying equipment to
mitigate these problems.
•Some measures to increase equipment immunity:
– Add a capacitor with larger capacity to power supplies;
– Use cables with larger neutral conductors;
– Derate transformers;
24. Conclusions
The availability of electric power with high quality is crucial for the
running of the modern society. If some sectors are satisfied with the
quality of the power provided by utilities, some others are more
demanding.
To avoid the huge losses related to PQ problems, the most demanding
consumers must take action to prevent the problems. Among the
various measures, selection of less sensitive equipment can play an
important role. When even the most robust equipment is affected,
then other measures must be taken, such as installation of restoring
technologies, distributed generation or an interface device to avoid PQ
problems.