A Case of Klinefelter's Syndrome
ā¢Download as PPT, PDFā¢
9 likesā¢4,099 views
This document summarizes the medical case of a 27-year-old male patient presenting with sparse facial hair growth and other signs and symptoms. After examinations and tests, the patient was diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome based on a 47,XXY karyotype. Klinefelter syndrome is a sex chromosome aneuploidy disorder where males are born with an extra X chromosome, leading to reduced testosterone levels and infertility. Long-term testosterone replacement therapy is recommended starting in early adolescence to support normal development.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Male hypogonadism
Hypogonadism is a decreased functional activity of the gonads that results in a failure of the testes to produce androgen, sperm, or both. It can occur at any age, with consequences depending on when it starts - before birth, before puberty, or after puberty. There are two types, primary involving the testes and secondary involving the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Causes include genetic conditions, tumors, infections, physical damage to the testes from conditions like mumps, and certain medications or medical treatments that can damage the testes.
Male Hypogonadism, LOH,
Male Hypogonadism :etiology , pathophysiology , prevalence , diagnosis by R.Tavakkolnia MD, urologist
Precocious puberty ppt
Precocious puberty refers to the early onset of sexual maturation before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. It can be classified as true precocious puberty, which is GnRH-dependent, or pseudoprecocious puberty, which is GnRH-independent. Evaluation involves physical exam, lab tests, imaging and bone age assessment. Treatment depends on the type but may include GnRH analogues to suppress early puberty.
Male Hypogonadism
Male hypogonadism is caused by androgen deficiency which can negatively impact organ functions and quality of life. The goal of testosterone replacement therapy is to restore hormone levels to the normal range and alleviate symptoms. Common treatment options include injections, patches, gels, and implants which can restore sexual function, muscle strength, and bone density. Therapy requires monitoring for side effects like prostate issues or blood clots. Gonadotropins may also be used to stimulate testosterone production and spermatogenesis in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
FRAGILE X SYNDROME ( FXS ) an inherited cause ofĀ mental retardation.
Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition and the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. It is caused by a mutation on the X chromosome that results in reduced production of the FMRP protein, important for neural development. Signs may include prominent ears, long face, joint flexibility, and cognitive impairment. Diagnosis is made through genetic testing. While there is no cure, treatment aims to manage symptoms through education, therapy and medication. Ongoing research studies new drugs that target underlying mechanisms.
Delayed puberty ppt
This document provides information on evaluating and treating delayed puberty. It defines delayed puberty and discusses the main causes, which include constitutional delay of puberty, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Evaluation involves assessing medical history, physical exam including Tanner staging, lab tests of hormone levels, bone age, and imaging if needed. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may include observation, sex hormone therapy, or treating any underlying medical conditions.
Pubertal disorders
The document discusses pubertal disorders and their classification, causes, diagnosis, and management. It begins by defining key terminology related to puberty and describing the normal physiology and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during puberty. Pubertal disorders are classified as either precocious or delayed puberty. Causes of delayed puberty include hypergonadotropic hypogonadism due to genetic defects or acquired conditions, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by tumors or CNS disorders that disrupt the HPG axis. Assessment of pubertal development involves the Tanner staging system.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
For 5th Year Medical Students and Endocrinology Modules and Master and MD Degree Internal Medicine and Endocrinology
By Dr Usama Ragab Youssif
References: Oxford Handbook of Endocrinology & Diabetes
Recommended
Male hypogonadism
Hypogonadism is a decreased functional activity of the gonads that results in a failure of the testes to produce androgen, sperm, or both. It can occur at any age, with consequences depending on when it starts - before birth, before puberty, or after puberty. There are two types, primary involving the testes and secondary involving the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Causes include genetic conditions, tumors, infections, physical damage to the testes from conditions like mumps, and certain medications or medical treatments that can damage the testes.
Male Hypogonadism, LOH,
Male Hypogonadism :etiology , pathophysiology , prevalence , diagnosis by R.Tavakkolnia MD, urologist
Precocious puberty ppt
Precocious puberty refers to the early onset of sexual maturation before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. It can be classified as true precocious puberty, which is GnRH-dependent, or pseudoprecocious puberty, which is GnRH-independent. Evaluation involves physical exam, lab tests, imaging and bone age assessment. Treatment depends on the type but may include GnRH analogues to suppress early puberty.
Male Hypogonadism
Male hypogonadism is caused by androgen deficiency which can negatively impact organ functions and quality of life. The goal of testosterone replacement therapy is to restore hormone levels to the normal range and alleviate symptoms. Common treatment options include injections, patches, gels, and implants which can restore sexual function, muscle strength, and bone density. Therapy requires monitoring for side effects like prostate issues or blood clots. Gonadotropins may also be used to stimulate testosterone production and spermatogenesis in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
FRAGILE X SYNDROME ( FXS ) an inherited cause ofĀ mental retardation.
Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition and the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. It is caused by a mutation on the X chromosome that results in reduced production of the FMRP protein, important for neural development. Signs may include prominent ears, long face, joint flexibility, and cognitive impairment. Diagnosis is made through genetic testing. While there is no cure, treatment aims to manage symptoms through education, therapy and medication. Ongoing research studies new drugs that target underlying mechanisms.
Delayed puberty ppt
This document provides information on evaluating and treating delayed puberty. It defines delayed puberty and discusses the main causes, which include constitutional delay of puberty, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Evaluation involves assessing medical history, physical exam including Tanner staging, lab tests of hormone levels, bone age, and imaging if needed. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may include observation, sex hormone therapy, or treating any underlying medical conditions.
Pubertal disorders
The document discusses pubertal disorders and their classification, causes, diagnosis, and management. It begins by defining key terminology related to puberty and describing the normal physiology and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during puberty. Pubertal disorders are classified as either precocious or delayed puberty. Causes of delayed puberty include hypergonadotropic hypogonadism due to genetic defects or acquired conditions, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by tumors or CNS disorders that disrupt the HPG axis. Assessment of pubertal development involves the Tanner staging system.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
For 5th Year Medical Students and Endocrinology Modules and Master and MD Degree Internal Medicine and Endocrinology
By Dr Usama Ragab Youssif
References: Oxford Handbook of Endocrinology & Diabetes
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
This document summarizes congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which is caused by a deficiency in the 21-hydroxylase enzyme. This leads to a deficiency in cortisol and aldosterone, causing salt-wasting in infants. It also causes prenatal androgen excess in females, resulting in virilization of the external genitalia. Prenatally, this causes enlarged clitoris and fused labia in females. Postnatally, both sexes experience signs of androgen excess like accelerated growth and premature epiphyseal closure. The document outlines the various clinical features and complications of both the cortisol/aldosterone deficiency and androgen excess aspects of CAH.
Fragile x syndrome
Fragile X syndrome is caused by a mutation on the FMR1 gene that prevents production of the FMRP protein. Males are more commonly affected and exhibit characteristics like prominent ears, long face, delayed speech, enlarged testes, and autism-like behaviors. Females may show fewer symptoms, with about half having normal intelligence. While there is no single cure, early intervention through education, therapy and medication can help those with Fragile X develop their skills and capabilities.
Puberty disorders
Puberty disorders can involve either precocious or delayed puberty. Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of puberty before age 8 in girls or age 9 in boys. It can be central, involving premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, or peripheral. Central precocious puberty is more common in girls. Delayed puberty involves the lack of signs of puberty starting by certain ages. The most common cause is constitutional delay of growth and puberty, but it can also be caused by hypothalamic-pituitary defects or gonadal failure. Investigation is usually needed to determine the underlying cause.
Male Hypogonadism - Rivin
Primary hypogonadism is caused by testicular dysfunction resulting in low testosterone and sperm production. It can be caused by genetic conditions like Klinefelter syndrome, infections, trauma, or chemotherapy/radiation exposure. Physical exam may show small, soft testes and low body hair with high FSH and LH levels. Treatment is testosterone replacement therapy. Secondary hypogonadism results from pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction, with proportionate low testosterone and sperm production and low or normal FSH and LH levels.
A Case of Sheehan's Syndrome
This document describes a case of a 40-year-old woman presenting with symptoms of decreased urine output, abdominal pain, fever, and leg swelling. Her lab work showed signs of anemia and hypothyroidism. Her history revealed amenorrhea for 18 years and issues with lactation after her third delivery. She was diagnosed with Sheehan's syndrome, also known as postpartum pituitary necrosis, likely due to postpartum hemorrhage 18 years prior which caused necrosis of her pituitary gland. She required hormone replacement therapy for her cortisol, thyroid, and other deficiencies.
Approach to tall stature
This document discusses the approach to tall stature in children. It defines tall stature and excessive growth. It covers growth charts, predictors of height like genetics and hormones. Common causes of tall stature include familial tallness, endocrine disorders, and genetic syndromes like Marfan's and Klinefelter's. Physical exam focuses on measurements, signs of specific disorders, and Tanner staging. Investigations are aimed at identifying a cause. Reassurance is the key for normal tallness, while treatment may be considered for extreme predicted heights or psychosocial impairment.
Tay-Sachās Disease
Tay-Sach's Disease is a rare genetic metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A, which results in a failure to process GM2 ganglioside that accumulates in the brain and other tissues. It was first described by Waren Tay and Bernard Sachs, who distinguished it from other neurological disorders. There are three types - infantile, juvenile, and adult-onset - with infantile being the most severe and typically resulting in death within the first few years of life. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and causes a progressive deterioration of nerve cells and mental/physical abilities due to harmful accumulation of gangliosides in brain cells over time. While there
Delayed puberty in children
This document discusses delayed puberty in children. It begins by defining normal puberty and factors that can affect the timing of puberty. It then defines delayed puberty and describes the main types as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by low gonadotropins, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by high gonadotropins. The document outlines the evaluation and management of delayed puberty, including history, physical exam, laboratory tests, and treatment approaches depending on the underlying cause. Treatment may involve hormone replacement therapy, addressing underlying medical conditions, or observation in cases of constitutional delay.
Puberty
This document discusses puberty and precocious puberty in females. It defines puberty as the physiological phase of development lasting 2 to 5 years where the genital organs mature. Signs of puberty in females include menarche, development of secondary sex characteristics, physical development, and psychological changes. Precocious puberty is defined as the appearance of any secondary sex characteristics before age 8. The document discusses the types, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of precocious puberty. The treatment aims to arrest maturation until the normal age while maximizing adult height.
Precocious puberty
1) Precocious puberty is the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. It can be caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (central) or premature sex hormone secretion from other sources like the adrenal glands (peripheral).
2) Treatment involves suppressing sex hormone production using GnRH analogues to stop further sexual development and rapid growth. This helps preserve final adult height.
3) Pubertal development is assessed using the Tanner stages, which evaluate breast/genital development and pubic hair growth. Precocious puberty disrupts the normal timing and progression of these stages.
Precocious puberty
Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and 9 in boys. It can be classified as central (gonadotropin-dependent) or peripheral (gonadotropin-independent) puberty. Central puberty is treated with GnRH agonists to slow progression, while peripheral causes like tumors require treatment of the underlying condition. Evaluation involves assessing pubertal development, growth, bone age, and hormone levels to distinguish central from peripheral puberty and identify any lesions.
Normal puberty
Puberty is the stage of physical maturation triggered by increased secretion of hormones like Luteinizing Hormone and GnRH, resulting in sexual and somatic development. It involves breast development in females starting around age 10-14 and testicular growth in males around age 12-16. Puberty encompasses five stages of physical changes through Tanner stages including growth spurts that make individuals reproductively mature.
Pubertal disorders
Disorders of pubertal development can involve delayed, premature, or arrested puberty. The document discusses the normal physiology of puberty and various conditions that cause abnormalities in pubertal development, including central precocious puberty, peripheral precocious puberty, premature adrenarche, constitutional delay of growth and puberty, and pubertal arrest. Evaluation and management of disorders of pubertal development involves assessment of signs of puberty, auxiliary investigations, and potential treatments depending on the underlying cause.
Precocious puberty
precocious puberty is one of the grey areas for pediatricians and gyenecologists. this is an attempt to answer some of the questions the content is references taken from authorative textbooks
Hypogonadism and testosterone replacement
This document discusses hypogonadism and testosterone replacement. It provides information on:
- The causes and clinical presentation of primary and secondary hypogonadism.
- Diagnosing hypogonadism through patient history, physical exam, and measuring serum testosterone and other hormone levels.
- Goals of testosterone replacement therapy in treating symptoms and restoring physiological functions.
- Various treatment options for testosterone replacement therapy including oral, buccal, implant, patch, gel, and intramuscular injection formulations. It provides details on the administration and pharmacokinetics of these different options.
Andrea l. de maria your hair down there- a pubic hair story
This document discusses pubic hair removal practices and trends. It notes that pubic hair removal has become more common since WWII due to cultural and media influences promoting hairless ideals of femininity. Today most women and men remove all or most of their pubic hair, often before sexual encounters or medical visits. Common removal methods include shaving, waxing, and hair removal creams, which can sometimes cause ingrown hairs or cuts. The document provides tips for safe hair removal and examines why people remove pubic hair and cultural trends related to pubic hair and genital aesthetics.
Delayed puberty , etiology , diagnostic approach
This document provides information on delayed puberty, including its definition, causes, evaluation, and treatment. Delayed puberty can be functional, due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The most common cause is constitutional delay of growth and puberty. Evaluation involves medical history, physical exam, lab tests like LH, FSH and bone age. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but aims to induce normal pubertal development and growth. For constitutional delay, watchful waiting is often recommended, while permanent hypogonadism requires hormone therapy like testosterone to initiate puberty.
Congenital Hypothyrodism
This document provides an overview of congenital hypothyroidism. It is the most common neonatal metabolic disorder and preventable cause of mental retardation. If left untreated it can result in cretinism. The incidence is higher in females, twins, and those with Down syndrome. Clinical manifestations include decreased activity, feeding issues, and delayed bone formation. Treatment involves oral levothyroxine to normalize thyroid levels.
Edward syndrome
This document provides information about Edwards syndrome, also known as Trisomy 18. It is a rare chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 18. The key symptoms include intellectual disability, heart defects, and abnormalities of the hands and feet. Diagnosis is often made through blood tests to analyze chromosomes or through ultrasound screening. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, as there is currently no cure. Life expectancy is poor, with over 90% of children passing away within the first year. The document outlines the different types of Edwards syndrome and provides some background on its discovery and causes.
Precocious Puberty
Precocious puberty refers to the onset of puberty before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. It can be caused by central activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis or peripheral problems affecting the ovaries, testes or adrenal glands. Treatment typically involves suppressing early hormone production through GnRH analogues to delay puberty and allow for normal adult height. Parents can help children cope by educating them about the changes, monitoring for emotional impacts, and offering praise and support through participation in other activities rather than focusing on appearance.
Klinefelter syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition that results from two or more X chromosomes in males who normally have one X and one Y chromosome. It occurs in around 1 in 500-1000 live male births. Signs and symptoms vary by age but may include weaker muscles, slower development, less body hair, enlarged breasts, smaller testes, and infertility. Diagnosis is made through a karyotype blood test detecting the extra X chromosome. While there is no cure, testosterone treatment can help develop secondary sex characteristics and managing health issues.
Klinefelterās Syndrome
07-08-2013
Faculty of medicine of Syrian Private University.
Please LIKE my page! http://facebook.com/NawrasAlHalabi
Ł
ŲŖŁŲ§Ų²Ł
Ų© ŁŁŲ§ŁŁŁŁŲŖŲ± ŁŲŖŁŲ§ŁŲ§ŲŖ Ų£Ų·ŁŲ§Ł Ų§ŁŲ£ŁŲ§ŲØŁŲØ
.ŁŁŁŲ© Ų§ŁŲ·ŲØ Ų§ŁŲØŲ“Ų±Ł ŁŁ Ų§ŁŲ¬Ų§Ł
Ų¹Ų© Ų§ŁŲ³ŁŲ±ŁŲ© Ų§ŁŲ®Ų§ŲµŲ©
More Related Content
What's hot
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
This document summarizes congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which is caused by a deficiency in the 21-hydroxylase enzyme. This leads to a deficiency in cortisol and aldosterone, causing salt-wasting in infants. It also causes prenatal androgen excess in females, resulting in virilization of the external genitalia. Prenatally, this causes enlarged clitoris and fused labia in females. Postnatally, both sexes experience signs of androgen excess like accelerated growth and premature epiphyseal closure. The document outlines the various clinical features and complications of both the cortisol/aldosterone deficiency and androgen excess aspects of CAH.
Fragile x syndrome
Fragile X syndrome is caused by a mutation on the FMR1 gene that prevents production of the FMRP protein. Males are more commonly affected and exhibit characteristics like prominent ears, long face, delayed speech, enlarged testes, and autism-like behaviors. Females may show fewer symptoms, with about half having normal intelligence. While there is no single cure, early intervention through education, therapy and medication can help those with Fragile X develop their skills and capabilities.
Puberty disorders
Puberty disorders can involve either precocious or delayed puberty. Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of puberty before age 8 in girls or age 9 in boys. It can be central, involving premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, or peripheral. Central precocious puberty is more common in girls. Delayed puberty involves the lack of signs of puberty starting by certain ages. The most common cause is constitutional delay of growth and puberty, but it can also be caused by hypothalamic-pituitary defects or gonadal failure. Investigation is usually needed to determine the underlying cause.
Male Hypogonadism - Rivin
Primary hypogonadism is caused by testicular dysfunction resulting in low testosterone and sperm production. It can be caused by genetic conditions like Klinefelter syndrome, infections, trauma, or chemotherapy/radiation exposure. Physical exam may show small, soft testes and low body hair with high FSH and LH levels. Treatment is testosterone replacement therapy. Secondary hypogonadism results from pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction, with proportionate low testosterone and sperm production and low or normal FSH and LH levels.
A Case of Sheehan's Syndrome
This document describes a case of a 40-year-old woman presenting with symptoms of decreased urine output, abdominal pain, fever, and leg swelling. Her lab work showed signs of anemia and hypothyroidism. Her history revealed amenorrhea for 18 years and issues with lactation after her third delivery. She was diagnosed with Sheehan's syndrome, also known as postpartum pituitary necrosis, likely due to postpartum hemorrhage 18 years prior which caused necrosis of her pituitary gland. She required hormone replacement therapy for her cortisol, thyroid, and other deficiencies.
Approach to tall stature
This document discusses the approach to tall stature in children. It defines tall stature and excessive growth. It covers growth charts, predictors of height like genetics and hormones. Common causes of tall stature include familial tallness, endocrine disorders, and genetic syndromes like Marfan's and Klinefelter's. Physical exam focuses on measurements, signs of specific disorders, and Tanner staging. Investigations are aimed at identifying a cause. Reassurance is the key for normal tallness, while treatment may be considered for extreme predicted heights or psychosocial impairment.
Tay-Sachās Disease
Tay-Sach's Disease is a rare genetic metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A, which results in a failure to process GM2 ganglioside that accumulates in the brain and other tissues. It was first described by Waren Tay and Bernard Sachs, who distinguished it from other neurological disorders. There are three types - infantile, juvenile, and adult-onset - with infantile being the most severe and typically resulting in death within the first few years of life. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and causes a progressive deterioration of nerve cells and mental/physical abilities due to harmful accumulation of gangliosides in brain cells over time. While there
Delayed puberty in children
This document discusses delayed puberty in children. It begins by defining normal puberty and factors that can affect the timing of puberty. It then defines delayed puberty and describes the main types as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by low gonadotropins, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by high gonadotropins. The document outlines the evaluation and management of delayed puberty, including history, physical exam, laboratory tests, and treatment approaches depending on the underlying cause. Treatment may involve hormone replacement therapy, addressing underlying medical conditions, or observation in cases of constitutional delay.
Puberty
This document discusses puberty and precocious puberty in females. It defines puberty as the physiological phase of development lasting 2 to 5 years where the genital organs mature. Signs of puberty in females include menarche, development of secondary sex characteristics, physical development, and psychological changes. Precocious puberty is defined as the appearance of any secondary sex characteristics before age 8. The document discusses the types, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of precocious puberty. The treatment aims to arrest maturation until the normal age while maximizing adult height.
Precocious puberty
1) Precocious puberty is the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. It can be caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (central) or premature sex hormone secretion from other sources like the adrenal glands (peripheral).
2) Treatment involves suppressing sex hormone production using GnRH analogues to stop further sexual development and rapid growth. This helps preserve final adult height.
3) Pubertal development is assessed using the Tanner stages, which evaluate breast/genital development and pubic hair growth. Precocious puberty disrupts the normal timing and progression of these stages.
Precocious puberty
Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and 9 in boys. It can be classified as central (gonadotropin-dependent) or peripheral (gonadotropin-independent) puberty. Central puberty is treated with GnRH agonists to slow progression, while peripheral causes like tumors require treatment of the underlying condition. Evaluation involves assessing pubertal development, growth, bone age, and hormone levels to distinguish central from peripheral puberty and identify any lesions.
Normal puberty
Puberty is the stage of physical maturation triggered by increased secretion of hormones like Luteinizing Hormone and GnRH, resulting in sexual and somatic development. It involves breast development in females starting around age 10-14 and testicular growth in males around age 12-16. Puberty encompasses five stages of physical changes through Tanner stages including growth spurts that make individuals reproductively mature.
Pubertal disorders
Disorders of pubertal development can involve delayed, premature, or arrested puberty. The document discusses the normal physiology of puberty and various conditions that cause abnormalities in pubertal development, including central precocious puberty, peripheral precocious puberty, premature adrenarche, constitutional delay of growth and puberty, and pubertal arrest. Evaluation and management of disorders of pubertal development involves assessment of signs of puberty, auxiliary investigations, and potential treatments depending on the underlying cause.
Precocious puberty
precocious puberty is one of the grey areas for pediatricians and gyenecologists. this is an attempt to answer some of the questions the content is references taken from authorative textbooks
Hypogonadism and testosterone replacement
This document discusses hypogonadism and testosterone replacement. It provides information on:
- The causes and clinical presentation of primary and secondary hypogonadism.
- Diagnosing hypogonadism through patient history, physical exam, and measuring serum testosterone and other hormone levels.
- Goals of testosterone replacement therapy in treating symptoms and restoring physiological functions.
- Various treatment options for testosterone replacement therapy including oral, buccal, implant, patch, gel, and intramuscular injection formulations. It provides details on the administration and pharmacokinetics of these different options.
Andrea l. de maria your hair down there- a pubic hair story
This document discusses pubic hair removal practices and trends. It notes that pubic hair removal has become more common since WWII due to cultural and media influences promoting hairless ideals of femininity. Today most women and men remove all or most of their pubic hair, often before sexual encounters or medical visits. Common removal methods include shaving, waxing, and hair removal creams, which can sometimes cause ingrown hairs or cuts. The document provides tips for safe hair removal and examines why people remove pubic hair and cultural trends related to pubic hair and genital aesthetics.
Delayed puberty , etiology , diagnostic approach
This document provides information on delayed puberty, including its definition, causes, evaluation, and treatment. Delayed puberty can be functional, due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The most common cause is constitutional delay of growth and puberty. Evaluation involves medical history, physical exam, lab tests like LH, FSH and bone age. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but aims to induce normal pubertal development and growth. For constitutional delay, watchful waiting is often recommended, while permanent hypogonadism requires hormone therapy like testosterone to initiate puberty.
Congenital Hypothyrodism
This document provides an overview of congenital hypothyroidism. It is the most common neonatal metabolic disorder and preventable cause of mental retardation. If left untreated it can result in cretinism. The incidence is higher in females, twins, and those with Down syndrome. Clinical manifestations include decreased activity, feeding issues, and delayed bone formation. Treatment involves oral levothyroxine to normalize thyroid levels.
Edward syndrome
This document provides information about Edwards syndrome, also known as Trisomy 18. It is a rare chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 18. The key symptoms include intellectual disability, heart defects, and abnormalities of the hands and feet. Diagnosis is often made through blood tests to analyze chromosomes or through ultrasound screening. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, as there is currently no cure. Life expectancy is poor, with over 90% of children passing away within the first year. The document outlines the different types of Edwards syndrome and provides some background on its discovery and causes.
Precocious Puberty
Precocious puberty refers to the onset of puberty before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. It can be caused by central activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis or peripheral problems affecting the ovaries, testes or adrenal glands. Treatment typically involves suppressing early hormone production through GnRH analogues to delay puberty and allow for normal adult height. Parents can help children cope by educating them about the changes, monitoring for emotional impacts, and offering praise and support through participation in other activities rather than focusing on appearance.
What's hot (20)
Andrea l. de maria your hair down there- a pubic hair story
Andrea l. de maria your hair down there- a pubic hair story
Ā
Viewers also liked
Klinefelter syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition that results from two or more X chromosomes in males who normally have one X and one Y chromosome. It occurs in around 1 in 500-1000 live male births. Signs and symptoms vary by age but may include weaker muscles, slower development, less body hair, enlarged breasts, smaller testes, and infertility. Diagnosis is made through a karyotype blood test detecting the extra X chromosome. While there is no cure, testosterone treatment can help develop secondary sex characteristics and managing health issues.
Klinefelterās Syndrome
07-08-2013
Faculty of medicine of Syrian Private University.
Please LIKE my page! http://facebook.com/NawrasAlHalabi
Ł
ŲŖŁŲ§Ų²Ł
Ų© ŁŁŲ§ŁŁŁŁŲŖŲ± ŁŲŖŁŲ§ŁŲ§ŲŖ Ų£Ų·ŁŲ§Ł Ų§ŁŲ£ŁŲ§ŲØŁŲØ
.ŁŁŁŲ© Ų§ŁŲ·ŲØ Ų§ŁŲØŲ“Ų±Ł ŁŁ Ų§ŁŲ¬Ų§Ł
Ų¹Ų© Ų§ŁŲ³ŁŲ±ŁŲ© Ų§ŁŲ®Ų§ŲµŲ©
Radiological signs in chest medicine Part 1
This document discusses various radiological signs seen on chest imaging. It provides examples of different signs seen on chest x-ray and CT scan related to masses, atelectasis, vascular structures, esophageal disorders, pneumomediastinum, extrapulmonary masses, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary nodule patterns. It also discusses CT features of different lung diseases and conditions including sarcoidosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and others. Finally, it examines histopathological definitions and CT appearance of various types of emphysema.
Klinefelter Syndrome HRB.
Kline Felter Syndrome is a genetic disorder where males are born with an extra X chromosome, resulting in XXY sex chromosomes. It occurs due to a random error in the mother and father's sex cells when the baby is conceived. Signs include a taller and less muscular body type, broader hips, larger breasts, weaker bones, and smaller genitals. It can cause learning problems and issues with sexual development or infertility. While there is no cure, treatments can help address symptoms.
Undescended testes
seminar (Undescended testes)
Define the undescended testes.
Differentiate between the undescended testes , retractile testes .
Etiology and complication of the undescended testes.
Work up and management plan for the undescended testes .
Define the undescended testes.
Differentiate between the undescended testes , retractile testes .
Etiology and complication of the undescended testes.
Work up and management plan for the undescended testes .
Define the undescended testes.
Differentiate between the undescended testes , retractile testes .
Etiology and complication of the undescended testes.
Work up and management plan for the undescended testes .
Define the undescended testes.
Differentiate between the undescended testes , retractile testes .
Etiology and complication of the undescended testes.
Work up and management plan for the undescended testes Majmaah University
MALE GONADAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION (MALE HYPOGONADISM)
Male gonadal function and dysfunction (male hypogonadism). Emphasis where made on the causes, types of male hypogonadism, diagnosis and treatment methods.
Klinefelter syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition that affects males, causing reduced fertility, weaker muscles, and other symptoms. It results from an extra X chromosome. As babies and children, those with Klinefelter syndrome may be less confident and active than other boys. As adults, they can live normal lives. Treatment may include testosterone therapy, surgery to reduce breast size, and addressing infertility issues.
Klinefelter syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. It results in hypogonadism and infertility. Physical signs may include less facial/body hair, broader hips, larger breasts, and weaker bones/muscles. Cognitive effects like language/reading issues are also common. It occurs in around 1 in 500-1000 live male births. The extra chromosome is due to a nondisjunction event during meiosis. While symptoms vary, diagnosis is via karyotype showing 47,XXY. Treatment focuses on managing physical/developmental issues.
Female and male infertility Causes & Management by Asar Khan
In this Presentation we have included the male and female infertility their causes and Management. we hope that it will provide you some basic information regarding this issues.
Viewers also liked (9)
MALE GONADAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION (MALE HYPOGONADISM)
MALE GONADAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION (MALE HYPOGONADISM)
Ā
Female and male infertility Causes & Management by Asar Khan
Female and male infertility Causes & Management by Asar Khan
Ā
Similar to A Case of Klinefelter's Syndrome
Precocious puberty
This document discusses precocious puberty, including central precocious puberty and peripheral precocious puberty. Central precocious puberty is the early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and 9 in boys. Peripheral precocious puberty is caused by external sex hormones and may be isosexual or heterosexual. McCune-Albright syndrome is a rare cause of peripheral precocious puberty associated with patchy skin pigmentation and fibrous dysplasia. Treatment for central precocious puberty involves suppressing puberty with GnRH agonists to help increase adult height potential.
Downs
This document provides details on the case of an 8 month old female child named Azma who presented with recurrent cold, cough, loose motions, and rapid breathing. It summarizes her birth history, developmental milestones, family history, clinical features, genetic causes, common health issues, diagnostic criteria, management, and prognosis of Down syndrome.
Down Syndrome
The document provides an overview of Down syndrome including definitions, features in newborns, common abnormalities, and age-specific healthcare guidelines. It notes that Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 and occurs in approximately 1 in 660 births. Newborns with Down syndrome typically exhibit certain physical features such as slanted eyes and hypotonia. Common abnormalities include heart defects, gastrointestinal issues, hearing problems, and thyroid disorders. The document outlines guidelines for healthcare from the neonatal period through adulthood.
Paediatric endocrinology for adult endocrinologists
This document provides an overview of paediatric endocrinology for adult endocrinologists. It discusses various growth and puberty related conditions seen in paediatric endocrinology practice including short stature, precocious and delayed puberty, congenital hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiency. It also covers approaches to evaluating growth using height measurements and bone age assessments. Case examples are presented to illustrate various conditions.
Growth Disorders
This document provides an overview of growth disorders including short and tall stature. It discusses the evaluation and causes of short stature such as growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. For growth hormone deficiency, it outlines the diagnostic process including stimulation tests and treatment with growth hormone. For tall stature, it reviews genetic, hormonal, and syndromic causes such as familial tall stature, precocious puberty, and Marfan syndrome.
Pediatric Lect1
This document provides a summary of prenatal care and evaluation, including preconception counseling, prenatal lab work, fetal assessment, and common complications and abnormalities. Key points covered include prenatal screening for genetic and chromosomal abnormalities, assessment of fetal growth and lung maturity, and descriptions of genetic conditions like Down syndrome, Trisomy 13 and 18, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR)
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Amenore - www.jinekolojivegebelik.com
1. The document discusses various causes of amenorrhea including hypothalamic, pituitary, ovarian, and outflow tract issues.
2. Evaluation involves assessing secondary sex characteristics, symptoms, family history, and targeted medical tests.
3. Treatment focuses on identifying and managing underlying disorders, hormone replacement, and addressing risks like osteoporosis or infertility.
Precocious puberty
Precocious puberty can be caused by central or peripheral conditions. Central precocious puberty is gonadotropin dependent and caused by organic brain lesions or idiopathically. Peripheral precocious puberty is gonadotropin independent and caused by conditions like McCune-Albright syndrome or adrenal tumors. Hypothyroidism can also cause precocious puberty by elevating TSH levels and interacting with FSH receptors. Evaluation involves assessing pubertal progression, growth, hormonal levels, and imaging. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may involve surgery, medication like GnRH agonists, or treating the primary condition in cases of hypothyroidism.
Down syndrome
Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. It occurs in about 1 in 700 live births. Clinical features include intellectual disability, characteristic facial features such as a flat face, upward slanted eyes, and a protruding tongue. Individuals with Down syndrome also have an increased risk of certain medical conditions such as congenital heart defects and thyroid problems. Prenatal screening and diagnostic tests can identify Down syndrome in utero. Lifelong medical care is important to monitor development, screen for associated conditions, and support quality of life.
Congenital anomalies of foetus
Congenital anomalies of baby are not uncommon. They do occur sporadiacally. They may be major or minor malformations.
They may be lethal and irreparable sometimes.
PEDI GU REVIEW-External Genitalia
This document discusses abnormalities of the external genitalia in pediatric patients, including hypospadias, cryptorchidism, micropenis, intersex conditions, hernias and hydroceles, testicular torsion, and varicoceles. It covers the etiology, evaluation, classification, management, and complications of these conditions.
L6-8.Disorders of the reproductive system.pptx
In the male, the testis serves two principal functions: synthesis of testosterone by the interstitial Leydig cells under the control of luteinising hormone (LH), and spermatogenesis by Sertoli cells under the control of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (but also requiring adequate testosterone).
Menses converted - copy
This document discusses menstruation and menstrual irregularities. It begins by explaining the normal menstrual cycle and defining different types of irregularities such as amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and menorrhagia. It then covers evaluating a patient's history and conducting an examination. Key aspects of the history include age, medical disorders, surgery history, and family history. The examination focuses on secondary sex characteristics, systemic examination, and pelvic examination. Investigation of menstrual irregularities may include pregnancy testing, hormonal assays, ultrasound, and genetic testing. Specific conditions that can cause amenorrhea like hyperprolactinemia, Kallmann syndrome, and anorexia nervosa are also summarized.
Vascular lesions
This document discusses vascular lesions of the head and neck. It provides classifications of vascular lesions as tumors or anomalies. It describes key differences between hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Hemangiomas are benign tumors that proliferate through endothelial cell growth, while malformations are localized defects present at birth. The document outlines diagnostic methods and considerations for different types of lesions. It focuses on hemangiomas in infants, describing presentations, subtypes, complications, and treatment indications, notably with propranolol. Propranolol treatment requires pretreatment evaluation including ECG in certain cases and has shown efficacy in resolving hemangiomas.
SHORT STATURE
A 15-year-old male presents with concerns of short stature and delayed puberty. Differential diagnoses include gonadotrophin deficiency, gonadal failure, and constitutional delay of growth and puberty. Physical exam and bone age assessment support a diagnosis of constitutional delay of growth and puberty, which is a condition of temporary short stature and delayed puberty but normal expected progression and attainment of full adult height. Reassurance and monitoring are the typical management approach.
15. PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY in the adolescent
Precotius puberty cause and their investigation and treatment
Key developments in the research on reproductive endocrinology
This document summarizes key developments in research on reproductive endocrinology. It discusses how reproductive hormones regulate development and influence health risks. Males and females have different fat deposition and disease risks due to evolutionary reproductive roles. Disorders like cryptorchidism and low sperm counts are surprisingly common. Evidence suggests fetal exposure to hormones and nutrition can impact adult health and even grandchildren's health via epigenetic changes. Reproduction allows offspring to potentially adapt to environments, though current Western diets may impair this process.
Care of Pediatric Down Syndrome
Down Syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality affecting children today. It occurs in approximately 1 in 800 to 1,000 births and is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. Individuals with Down Syndrome often have intellectual disabilities and are at increased risk for certain medical conditions such as congenital heart disease, gastrointestinal abnormalities, hearing loss, thyroid disorders, and periodontal disease. Proper screening, monitoring, and management of associated health issues can help improve quality of life for those with Down Syndrome.
Dar_Shahid_Yousuf_Iws.pptx
This document discusses pubertal development disorder syndrome (PDDS), a rare condition that affects the normal timing of puberty. PDDS involves disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which regulates puberty. The pathophysiology is complex and can involve problems with hormone production, genetics, nutrition, tumors, or brain injury. Evaluation of puberty disorders may require tests to identify the underlying cause and determine the proper treatment.
Similar to A Case of Klinefelter's Syndrome (20)
Paediatric endocrinology for adult endocrinologists
Paediatric endocrinology for adult endocrinologists
Ā
Key developments in the research on reproductive endocrinology
Key developments in the research on reproductive endocrinology
Ā
More from Stanley Medical College, Department of Medicine
Interpretation of Liver Function Tests
A 22-year-old male presented with jaundice, fatigue, and muscle pain for 6 months. Liver tests showed elevated bilirubin, AST, and prolonged PT/INR, suggesting a chronic liver disease. A 19-year-old female with history of chicken pox 8 months ago developed jaundice. Liver tests showed direct hyperbilirubinemia, elevated AST and markedly elevated ALP, indicating a cholestatic picture with ongoing activity. A 32-year-old alcoholic male with known cirrhosis showed mild elevation of AST and direct hyperbilirubinemia, with AST/ALT ratio of 3:1, consistent with alcoholic liver disease with ongoing activity.
Imaging: Cortical Vein Thrombosis
A 35-year-old male chronic alcoholic presented with a week-long headache and blurry vision. On examination, he had right lateral rectus palsy. CT brain showed hyperdensity in the right frontal region, right transverse sinus, and hypodensity in the superior sagittal sinus, suggestive of parenchymal hemorrhage with cortical vein thrombosis or calcified granuloma. MRI brain found a hemorrhagic lesion in the right high parietal lobe, absence of flow voids in sinuses, and T1 hyperintensity in sinuses confirming sinus thrombosis, which was shown on MR venography. The patient was diagnosed with cerebral vein thrombosis based on imaging findings.
ECG: Findings in CNS disorders
A 73-year-old male presented with left upper and lower limb weakness. He has a history of diabetes and hypertension. On examination, his pulse was 64 beats/min, blood pressure was 160/100 mmHg, and he had left-sided hemiplegia. An ECG showed normal sinus rhythm, prolonged QT interval of 500ms, and deep anterolateral T wave inversions, which could be due to central nervous system involvement or myocardial ischemia. ECG findings associated with acute central nervous system disorders include prolonged QT interval and deeply inverted T waves in precordial leads.
A Case of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia - ARVD
A Case of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia - ARVDStanley Medical College, Department of Medicine
Ā
A Case of NASH with HYPOTHYROIDISM
This document presents the case of a 37-year-old woman admitted with abdominal distension and pain for 3 months. Her history and examination findings revealed hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, fatty liver, and hypothyroidism. Laboratory tests showed anemia and elevated liver enzymes. Imaging confirmed hepatosplenomegaly with fatty liver. She was diagnosed with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), pre-obesity, hypothyroidism, and nutritional anemia. Literature discussed in the document suggests an association between hypothyroidism and NASH, as well as hypothyroidism contributing to anemia in some patients. The patient was treated and showed improvement in
IMAGING: NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS
A 16-year-old boy was admitted with abnormal movements of his left thumb and left eyelid for over 1 hour. MRI scans showed lesions in his brain consistent with neurocysticercosis. Neurocysticercosis is caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium and has four pathogenic stages seen on imaging. The patient's symptoms, travel history, imaging findings, and positive blood tests confirmed a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. He was treated with anti-seizure medications, anti-parasitic drugs, and steroids to reduce inflammation from degenerating parasites.
ECG: Digitalis Effect / MAT / AF
A 41-year-old female presented with breathlessness, palpitations, and chest pain for 3 days. She has a history of valvular heart disease surgery 14 years ago. On examination, she was dyspneic, tachycardic, and had pedal edema. ECG showed atrial fibrillation with a rate of 160 beats/minute. Echocardiogram revealed moderate mitral stenosis and mild tricuspid regurgitation with enlarged left atrium and moderate mitral annular calcification. The patient was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation likely due to rheumatic heart disease.
Imaging: BOOP
A 28-year-old male presented with cough, dyspnea, fever, malaise, and weight loss. Chest X-ray and CT scan showed bilateral heterogeneous airspace opacities. He did not improve with antibiotics but responded well to steroids, suggestive of idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). BOOP is a non-specific inflammatory reaction of small airways that can be idiopathic or secondary to various causes. It is treated with steroids and immunosuppressants if unresponsive to steroids.
ECG: Hypokalemia
1. A 52-year-old male presented with loose stools and vomiting for 4 days. Examination found hypokalemia.
2. ECG showed ST segment depression in V3-V6 and prominent U waves, consistent with changes seen in hypokalemia.
3. The patient was diagnosed with hypokalemia likely caused by gastrointestinal potassium losses from diarrhea, as indicated by his symptoms and laboratory findings. Treatment involved potassium supplementation and treatment of the underlying condition causing the diarrhea.
A Case of Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension
The document describes a case of a 35-year-old female admitted with complaints of breathlessness, swelling of the legs, and abdominal distension. On examination, she had elevated jugular venous pressure, enlarged liver, edema, and signs of right heart failure. Tests showed pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dilatation, and cardiomegaly. She was diagnosed with severe pulmonary hypertension of unknown cause.
A Case of Schmidt Syndrome
The document describes a case of a 47-year-old female patient presenting with generalized weakness, giddiness, and other symptoms. After extensive examination and testing, she was diagnosed with Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 (Schmidt's Syndrome), which involves autoimmune failure of multiple endocrine glands. Key findings included hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, hypogonadism, and anemia. She was started on hormone replacement therapy and other treatment.
A Case of Rodenticide Poisoning
This document summarizes the case of a 20-year-old man admitted with jaundice. He had ingested rodenticide poison containing yellow phosphorus four days prior. Initially his condition was managed conservatively, but his jaundice progressively worsened. He was referred for possible liver transplantation. Testing showed acute liver failure likely due to the toxic effects of yellow phosphorus poisoning. He received supportive care including dextrose, vitamin K, and plasma transfusions. His condition was stabilized with medical management.
A Case of Emphysematous Pylonephritis
A 50-year-old lady presented with shortness of breath, fever, cough with sputum production, and swelling of both legs over the past two days. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Examination found decreased breath sounds and mild dehydration. Investigations showed diabetic ketoacidosis, urinary tract infection with E. coli growth, and cirrhosis of the liver. She was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, emphysematous pyelonephritis, and transferred to urology for further management.
Imaging: Multiple Pulmonary Cavitary Lesions
A 38-year-old male smoker presented with swelling all over the body for the past 4 months. Examination revealed pitting pedal edema. Investigations showed elevated ESR, CRP and P-ANCA positivity. CT scan showed multiple cavitary lung lesions. A diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis was made based on clinical features, lab investigations and radiological findings.
ECG: Atrial Dissociation
This ECG shows atrial dissociation in a 70-year-old male with a history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and cardiac transplantation 6 months prior. Atrial dissociation is seen as two independent sets of P waves with varying PP and PR intervals. Atrial dissociation occurs when each atrium beats separately due to blockage of the Bachmann's bundle interatrial pathway. It can occur in orthotopic and heterotopic heart transplant patients as the posterior atrial wall is retained but denervated after orthotopic transplant.
A Case of Hepato-Pulmonary Syndrome
This case involves a 35-year-old female with a history of non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis, splenectomy, recurrent tuberculosis, and recurrent bouts of hematemesis and fever. She presents with cyanosis, clubbing, and shortness of breath. Testing reveals findings consistent with hepatopulmonary syndrome, including low oxygen saturation that decreases further in an upright position. A contrast echocardiogram confirms intrapulmonary vascular dilations. She is diagnosed with severe, longstanding hepatopulmonary syndrome secondary to non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
A Case of Thalassemia
A 25-year-old male presented with a history of anemia since childhood. Examination found pallor and hepatosplenomegaly. Investigations revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia and bone marrow aspiration showed erythroid hyperplasia consistent with thalassemia intermedia. Patients with thalassemia intermedia have variable clinical presentations between thalassemia major and minor, and may require lifelong monitoring and chelation therapy to manage iron overload from ineffective erythropoiesis.
A Case of Renal Amyloidosis
The document summarizes the case of a 60-year-old male admitted with generalized swelling of the body for 20 days. Investigations revealed IgA monoclonal gammopathy and renal biopsy showed features of amyloidosis. The patient was diagnosed with primary amyloidosis (AL type) associated with hepatitis B infection. Treatment with diuretics and antibiotics improved his symptoms and kidney function recovered.
CXR: Silico-Tuberculosis
A 52-year-old female patient presented with complaints of breathlessness and dry cough for the past 6 months. She has a history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis 3 years ago and treated Pott's spine 2 years ago. Examination revealed wheezing and generalized pigmentation. Chest X-ray showed bilateral lung parenchymal lesions and hilar lymph node calcifications. The final diagnosis was occupational lung disease of silicosis complicated by silicotuberculosis due to exposure to silica particles in her work in sand filtration for brick production.
ECG: A Case of Flutter-Fibrillation
A 70-year-old woman presented with chest pain and palpitations. Her ECG showed atrial flutter with an atrial rate of 340 beats per minute and ventricular rate of 60 beats per minute. The morphology of the flutter waves indicated clockwise conduction around the left atrial circuit, consistent with type I atrial flutter. Treatment options for atrial flutter aim to control the ventricular rate, restore normal sinus rhythm, prevent recurrence, and minimize thromboembolic risk. Catheter ablation can eliminate the reentrant circuit causing atrial flutter.
More from Stanley Medical College, Department of Medicine (20)
A Case of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia - ARVD
A Case of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia - ARVD
Ā
Recently uploaded
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
One piece compressive Dental implant : data from Google Scholar
This is a primary review about one piece dental Implant
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
2nd-generation Antihistaminic Part I.pptx
CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
3)MILD SEDATIVE-CHLORPHENIRAMINE,DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE
TRIPROLIDINE,CLEMASTINE
SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-FEXOFENADINE,
LORATADINE,DESLORATADINE,CETIRIZINE,LEVOCETIRIZINE,
AZELASTINE,MIZOLASTINE,EBASTINE,RUPATADINE. Mechanism of action of 2nd generation antihistaminics-
These drugs competitively antagonize actions of
histamine at the H1 receptors.
Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
4) Anticholinergic action- many H1 blockers
in addition antagonize muscarinic actions of ACh. BUT IN 2ND gen histaminics there is Higher H1 selectivitiy : no anticholinergic side effects
mortality & morbidity indicators of health .pptx
Indicators for measurement of health including mortality, morbidity an d disability
Hemodialysis: Chapter 6, Hemodialysis Adequacy and Dose - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/RvdYsTzgQq8
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/ECILGWtgZko
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Call Girls Lucknow 9024918724 Vip Call Girls Lucknow
Call Girls Lucknow 9024918724 Vip Call Girls Lucknow
Mechanical injuries(ICS) due to sharp force.ppt
Injuries, definition , classification and mechanical injuries due to sharp force injury including defense, self inflicted and fabricated injuries.
Call Girls Electronic City š„° Bangalore Call Girl No Advance Book Now
Call Girls Electronic City š„° Bangalore Call Girl No Advance Book Now
Wabsite For Rant : babesbookhot@gmail.com
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
2nd generation Antihistaminic-Part II.pptx
Fexofenadine is sold under the brand nameĀ Allegra.
It is aĀ selectiveĀ peripheralĀ H1 blocker. It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine because it is less able to pass theĀ bloodābrain barrierĀ and causes lesser sedation, as compared to first-generation antihistamines.
It is on theĀ World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.Ā Fexofenadine has been manufactured in generic form since 2011.
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
Exercise 1 of Microbiology and Parasitology which is the parts of the microscope and their uses
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
All about shoulder Joint ..
All about shoulder joint , Anatomy ,Examination, Special tests and radiology.
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
Brief description worm infestation/Helminthiasis for Basic B.Sc Nursing students
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
Digital Smile Design-An innovative tool in aesthetic dentistry.pptx
Digital Smile Design-An innovative tool in aesthetic dentistry.pptxDigital Smile Design-An innovative tool in aesthetic dentistry.pptxDigital Smile Design-An innovative tool in aesthetic dentistry.pptxDigital Smile Design-An innovative tool in aesthetic dentistry.pptxDigital Smile Design-An innovative tool in aesthetic dentistry.pptxDigital Smile Design-An innovative tool in aesthetic dentistry.pptxDigital Smile Design-An innovative tool in aesthetic dentistry.pptxv
Call Girls in Kolkata šÆCall Us š 7374876321 š š Top Class Call Girl Servic...
Call Girls in Kolkata šÆCall Us š 7374876321 š š Top Class Call Girl Servic...daljeetsingh9909
Call Girls in Kolkata šÆCall Us š 7374876321 š š Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableĀ
Breast cancer :hormonal discordance.pptx
Receptor Discordance in Breast Carcinoma During the Course of Life
Definition:
Receptor discordance refers to changes in the status of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor ERĪ±, progesterone receptor PgR, and HER2) in breast cancer tumors over time or between primary and metastatic sites.
Causes:
Tumor Evolution:
Genetic and epigenetic changes during tumor progression can lead to alterations in receptor status.
Treatment Effects:
Therapies, especially endocrine and targeted therapies, can selectively pressure tumor cells, causing shifts in receptor expression.
Heterogeneity:
Inherent heterogeneity within the tumor can result in subpopulations of cells with different receptor statuses.
Impact on Treatment:
Therapeutic Resistance:
Loss of ERĪ± or PgR can lead to resistance to endocrine therapies.
HER2 discordance affects the efficacy of HER2-targeted treatments.
Treatment Adjustment:
Regular reassessment of receptor status may be necessary to adjust treatment strategies appropriately.
Clinical Implications:
Prognosis:
Receptor discordance is often associated with a poorer prognosis.
Biopsies:
Obtaining biopsies from metastatic sites is crucial for accurate receptor status assessment and effective treatment planning.
Monitoring:
Continuous monitoring of receptor status throughout the disease course can guide personalized therapy adjustments.
Understanding and managing receptor discordance is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving the prognosis for breast cancer patients.
Recently uploaded (20)
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Ā
One piece compressive Dental implant : data from Google Scholar
One piece compressive Dental implant : data from Google Scholar
Ā
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
Ā
Hemodialysis: Chapter 6, Hemodialysis Adequacy and Dose - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 6, Hemodialysis Adequacy and Dose - Dr.Gawad
Ā
Call Girls Lucknow 9024918724 Vip Call Girls Lucknow
Call Girls Lucknow 9024918724 Vip Call Girls Lucknow
Ā
Call Girls Electronic City š„° Bangalore Call Girl No Advance Book Now
Call Girls Electronic City š„° Bangalore Call Girl No Advance Book Now
Ā
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Ā
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
Microbiology & Parasitology Exercises Parts of the Microscope
Ā
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
Call Girls Goa (india) +91-7426014248 Goa Call Girls
Ā
Congenital anomalies/Neural tube defects/ birth defects
Congenital anomalies/Neural tube defects/ birth defects
Ā
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
Ā
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...
Ā
Digital Smile Design-An innovative tool in aesthetic dentistry.pptx
Digital Smile Design-An innovative tool in aesthetic dentistry.pptx
Ā
Call Girls in Kolkata šÆCall Us š 7374876321 š š Top Class Call Girl Servic...
Call Girls in Kolkata šÆCall Us š 7374876321 š š Top Class Call Girl Servic...
Ā