Puberty is the stage of physical maturation triggered by increased secretion of hormones like Luteinizing Hormone and GnRH, resulting in sexual and somatic development. It involves breast development in females starting around age 10-14 and testicular growth in males around age 12-16. Puberty encompasses five stages of physical changes through Tanner stages including growth spurts that make individuals reproductively mature.

1. Normal PubertyFaizulHaris bin MohdHatta

2. What is puberty?Sounds like a disease.Does your face turn purple?Do you cough and sneeze?Does it last a long time or just a little while?Does everybody get it?Do my questions make you smile?Oh, puberty is something that everybody knowsHappens when your body grows and grows and grows!Inside and outside your body changes, then You've become an adult and never a child again.

3. PubertyThe stage of physical maturation in which an individual becomes physiologically capable of sexual reproduction.Triggered by increased secretion of Luteinizing Hormone(LH).Results from changes in the hypothalamus that allow increased secretion of GnRH to stimulate secretion of LH

5. The Reproductive System

6. The Reproductive System

7. GnRH surge is triggered by a few factors:NutritionLeptin levelGeneticsMutation in genes encoding Neurokinin B which play a role in regulating the secretion of KisspeptinGPR54: receptor for kisspeptinPhysical activityDrugs

8. Onset of pubertyGirls: 10-14 years oldBoys: 12-16 years old

9. First signsBiological: Pulsatile LH especially during sleepGirls: Breast developmentBoys : Increase in the size of the testicles

10. Phases of PubertyAdrenarcheStage of maturation of the cortex of adrenal glands↑ adrenal androgens secretion GonadarcheEarliest gonadal changesOvaries and testes begin to grow↑ production of sex hormones

11. ThelarcheFirst stage of secondary breast developmentUsually noticed as a firm, tender lump directly under the center of the nipple(papilla & areolla)Reffered as breast bud(Tanner stage 2)PubarcheFirst appearance of the pubic hairResults from ↑ levels androgens from adrenal glands or tester

12. MenarcheFirst menstrual bleeding in femalesPossibility of fertility

13. Tanner stagesDevelop as a way to classify the time, course, and progress of changes that occur during puberty. Based upon attainment of secondary sex characteristics, which include genital development in males, breast development in females, and pubic hair development in both genders.

14. Female: Breast

15. Male: Genitalia

16. Pubic Hair

19. GrowthGrowth spurt/Peak height velocityFemale:Happens in earlier stages of pubertyAverage age: 12.1Male:Happens in later stages of pubertyAverage age: 14.1Boys have greater velocity at the maximum pubertal growth rate

20. Other Changes in maleBody and Facial hairVoice changeSame time as growth of penisMusculature and body shapeHeavier bones, nearly twice skeletal muscleMuscle develops mainly during the later stages of pubertyBody odor, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and acneAbout the same time as facial and axillary hair growth

21. Other changes in femaleVaginaBecomes thicker and duller pink in colorUterus, ovaries and follicles in the ovariesIncrease in sizeMenstrual and fertilityBody shape and fat distributionPelvis and hip widenMore fat distributed to breasts, hips, buttocks, thighs, upper arm and pubis.Body odor and acne

22. Hormonal ChangesIncrease in:TestosteroneEstrogenProlactinGrowth HormoneInsulin

23. Puberty is the bridge between being a kid and becoming an adult. As you cross this bridge, your body and your feelings change a lot. You also may feel differently about your family, friends and classmates, and view the things that they do in whole new ways. You may feel like changing what you do with them, the way you dress and the things you talk about. These differences are called "social" and "behavioral" changes.