This in series of uploads on analysis of Stories for TAT to enable candidates to analyze for themselves if they are on right tracks writing of story and its interpretation is very important both for PPDT and Psychological test itself
Book( Decoding Services Selection Board -Career in armed forces as an officer)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Only book which gives theoretical detailed consideration on all technique
Acts as self help
Written by experienced professionals (Ex IO and Ex Psychologist)
Gives coverage to new SSB technique likely to be implemented in few months
Acts as Personality Development material for all up to middle management level
This another analysis of 12 stories written by a candidate continuously as in SSB in 4 minutes with 30 Seconds to view the picture.The candidate is topper of DPS Bhubneshwar and Head Boy for last 2 years
This in series of uploads on analysis of Stories for TAT to enable candidates to analyze for themselves if they are on right tracks writing of story and its interpretation is very important both for PPDT and Psychological test itself
Book( Decoding Services Selection Board -Career in armed forces as an officer)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Only book which gives theoretical detailed consideration on all technique
Acts as self help
Written by experienced professionals (Ex IO and Ex Psychologist)
Gives coverage to new SSB technique likely to be implemented in few months
Acts as Personality Development material for all up to middle management level
This another analysis of 12 stories written by a candidate continuously as in SSB in 4 minutes with 30 Seconds to view the picture.The candidate is topper of DPS Bhubneshwar and Head Boy for last 2 years
This is the 2nd task of GTO.It is also 2nd out of 3 Indoor GTO tasks.In this integration stage the candidates tend to compete with each other vying for acceptance of their solution
In earlier Group discussion they have explored each other’s capability based on level of discussion and quality.Performance in at least 3 out of 4 tasks in basic series are important for being acceptable in GTO technique. It is the only task for which written proof exists in the form of GPE plan and retained implying one must necessarily do well for consideration of being passed
After having seen the definition of Situation and its relation with perception which in turn modulates or changes the situation,it is worthwhile to attempt to relate various parameters with situation given in SSB in all three discipline such as Psych, GTO and IO Technique.Itis of immense value to SSB aspirants
TAT analysis of 12 stories based on impulse of TAT 15 uploaded earlier.Analysis of 1st two stories are based on Need Achievement and 3rd based on SCOR.Rest on general short analysis
This set has been designed as a practice for all potential candidates aspiring to attend SSB and interview for coastal guards. All pictures have been timed as would happen in actual scenario during tests
Some typical answer for IO questions by candidate has been given for guidance.Candidates are advised to prepare answer of expected problems if any based on their own envirionment and circumstances
A situation is a set of fleeting(Lasting for very short time), dynamic, and momentary circumstances that do not lie within a person (i.e., they are neither own mental processes nor own behavior), but in their surroundings. Rauthmann, 2015
Or
Situation constitutes everything that is outside the person.
A person (Psychologically ) is made up of goals, motives, values, interests, skills, abilities, etc.,
Situations are everything else, including other people.
Every thought, feeling, desire, and behavior is embedded in a situation.
Three different kinds of situational information provide a lens to define situation :
Cues
Characteristics
Classes
How people perceive the situations they engage in are important because
(a) Persons and situations are interdependent
(b)All stimuli both external (e.g., people present) and internal ones (e.g., current mood) are processed within a personality system and
(c)Studies have shown that perceptions are not monolithic entities:
They vary according to the person who perceives a stimulus,
The properties of the stimulus itself, and
The interactions between person and stimulus.
Rothman has developed novel componential approach to situation perception to disentangle
Perceiver (a perceiver’s tendency of seeing situations),
Situation (a situation’s tendency of being seen), and
Perceiver Situation variance (a perceiver’s unique view of a specific situation).
GTO tasks which requires Practical Application are PGT(Progressive Group Task),HGT(Half Group Task),CT(Command Task) and FGT(Final Group Task)
These Tasks are leaderless (Except CT),Situational,Action oriented,Role playing,stressful and Simulated to job performance in service life
Group is expected to use ingenuity in bridging the gap using available resources of a Balli +Plank + Rope and carry a load
Technique of negotiating the tasks remain the same except in PGT (Combination of Four tasks) becomes progressively difficult as one moves from 1st task to 4th task, In HGT Group is divided in two groups so that those who could not perform well in larger Group may find easier to perform better. Besides HGT /CT and FGT consist of only one task. In CT a candidate is chosen as leader for the 1st time and has the freedom to choose two members to assist him
Tasks are basically combination of structures which in itself consists of parts
Decoding tat 11 the defense mechanism manual part 2 (projection)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Projection under manual is coded as under
1. Attribution of Aggressive or Hostile Feeling, Emotions, or Intentions to a Character, or Other Feelings, Emotions, or Intentions that are Normatively Unusual.
2. Additions of Ominous People, Ghosts, Animals, Objects or Qualities.
3. Magical or Circumstantial Thinking
4. Concern for Protection from External Threat
5. Apprehensiveness of Death, Injury, or Assault
6. Themes of Pursuit, Entrapment, and Escape
7. Bizarre or Very Unusual Story or Theme
This presentation analyses 12 stories written by three bright student i.e. total of 36 stories of Sainik School ,potential candidate to become commissioned Officers in Armed Forces.Each story has been marked /underlined for its goodness/ wrong interpretation.
PPSS-R uses TAT response to assess how people are likely to resolve personal problems
Responses are scored across 4 categories
Story Design
Story Orientation
Story solution
Story resolution
PPSS-R uses stories generated to assess how people identify ,concetualize and resolve personal problems
Personal problem solving skill is inversely related to psychological distress
People who solve problems have good mental health
Components of personal problem solving
Identify accurately problem situation
Capacity to generate alternative solutions to a problem situation
Ability to generate step by step plan for problem resolution
Ability to understand one’s own motives and motives of others
4 Categories have 13 scoring criteria
According to Bruner, humans have two modes of thought:
1.The paradigmatic or logico-scientific Mode- attempts to fulfill the ideal of a formal, mathematical system of description and explanation
2.The narrative mode - leads to good stories, gripping drama, believable (though not necessarily "true") historical accounts.
These understanding will lead us to write a good TAT story
There are no formal, normative standards for the TAT.
The simplest procedure for studying TAT responses is the inspection technique.
Most clinicians interpret the TAT stories informally; repetitive patterns or themes become apparent by reading through a subject's stories.
The following are the types of variables that that analyzer should look for in scoring and analyzing a testee's test.
Strategic storytelling has been enlisted to change attitudes and behaviors.
Forges emotional connection as is done by IO in rapport making , GTO in standard briefing and Psychologist also by standard briefing
Successfully convincing IO/GTO/Psych like famous Lawyer Moe Levine who often used the “whole man” theory to successfully influence juries to empathize with his clients.
Olympians prepare mentally for their performance so can a candidate for SSB
Change in thoughts or emotions will have a corresponding effect on the individual's physiology ,
The ability to self-regulate in a desired direction is a critical skill
This is the 2nd task of GTO.It is also 2nd out of 3 Indoor GTO tasks.In this integration stage the candidates tend to compete with each other vying for acceptance of their solution
In earlier Group discussion they have explored each other’s capability based on level of discussion and quality.Performance in at least 3 out of 4 tasks in basic series are important for being acceptable in GTO technique. It is the only task for which written proof exists in the form of GPE plan and retained implying one must necessarily do well for consideration of being passed
After having seen the definition of Situation and its relation with perception which in turn modulates or changes the situation,it is worthwhile to attempt to relate various parameters with situation given in SSB in all three discipline such as Psych, GTO and IO Technique.Itis of immense value to SSB aspirants
TAT analysis of 12 stories based on impulse of TAT 15 uploaded earlier.Analysis of 1st two stories are based on Need Achievement and 3rd based on SCOR.Rest on general short analysis
This set has been designed as a practice for all potential candidates aspiring to attend SSB and interview for coastal guards. All pictures have been timed as would happen in actual scenario during tests
Some typical answer for IO questions by candidate has been given for guidance.Candidates are advised to prepare answer of expected problems if any based on their own envirionment and circumstances
A situation is a set of fleeting(Lasting for very short time), dynamic, and momentary circumstances that do not lie within a person (i.e., they are neither own mental processes nor own behavior), but in their surroundings. Rauthmann, 2015
Or
Situation constitutes everything that is outside the person.
A person (Psychologically ) is made up of goals, motives, values, interests, skills, abilities, etc.,
Situations are everything else, including other people.
Every thought, feeling, desire, and behavior is embedded in a situation.
Three different kinds of situational information provide a lens to define situation :
Cues
Characteristics
Classes
How people perceive the situations they engage in are important because
(a) Persons and situations are interdependent
(b)All stimuli both external (e.g., people present) and internal ones (e.g., current mood) are processed within a personality system and
(c)Studies have shown that perceptions are not monolithic entities:
They vary according to the person who perceives a stimulus,
The properties of the stimulus itself, and
The interactions between person and stimulus.
Rothman has developed novel componential approach to situation perception to disentangle
Perceiver (a perceiver’s tendency of seeing situations),
Situation (a situation’s tendency of being seen), and
Perceiver Situation variance (a perceiver’s unique view of a specific situation).
GTO tasks which requires Practical Application are PGT(Progressive Group Task),HGT(Half Group Task),CT(Command Task) and FGT(Final Group Task)
These Tasks are leaderless (Except CT),Situational,Action oriented,Role playing,stressful and Simulated to job performance in service life
Group is expected to use ingenuity in bridging the gap using available resources of a Balli +Plank + Rope and carry a load
Technique of negotiating the tasks remain the same except in PGT (Combination of Four tasks) becomes progressively difficult as one moves from 1st task to 4th task, In HGT Group is divided in two groups so that those who could not perform well in larger Group may find easier to perform better. Besides HGT /CT and FGT consist of only one task. In CT a candidate is chosen as leader for the 1st time and has the freedom to choose two members to assist him
Tasks are basically combination of structures which in itself consists of parts
Decoding tat 11 the defense mechanism manual part 2 (projection)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Projection under manual is coded as under
1. Attribution of Aggressive or Hostile Feeling, Emotions, or Intentions to a Character, or Other Feelings, Emotions, or Intentions that are Normatively Unusual.
2. Additions of Ominous People, Ghosts, Animals, Objects or Qualities.
3. Magical or Circumstantial Thinking
4. Concern for Protection from External Threat
5. Apprehensiveness of Death, Injury, or Assault
6. Themes of Pursuit, Entrapment, and Escape
7. Bizarre or Very Unusual Story or Theme
This presentation analyses 12 stories written by three bright student i.e. total of 36 stories of Sainik School ,potential candidate to become commissioned Officers in Armed Forces.Each story has been marked /underlined for its goodness/ wrong interpretation.
PPSS-R uses TAT response to assess how people are likely to resolve personal problems
Responses are scored across 4 categories
Story Design
Story Orientation
Story solution
Story resolution
PPSS-R uses stories generated to assess how people identify ,concetualize and resolve personal problems
Personal problem solving skill is inversely related to psychological distress
People who solve problems have good mental health
Components of personal problem solving
Identify accurately problem situation
Capacity to generate alternative solutions to a problem situation
Ability to generate step by step plan for problem resolution
Ability to understand one’s own motives and motives of others
4 Categories have 13 scoring criteria
According to Bruner, humans have two modes of thought:
1.The paradigmatic or logico-scientific Mode- attempts to fulfill the ideal of a formal, mathematical system of description and explanation
2.The narrative mode - leads to good stories, gripping drama, believable (though not necessarily "true") historical accounts.
These understanding will lead us to write a good TAT story
There are no formal, normative standards for the TAT.
The simplest procedure for studying TAT responses is the inspection technique.
Most clinicians interpret the TAT stories informally; repetitive patterns or themes become apparent by reading through a subject's stories.
The following are the types of variables that that analyzer should look for in scoring and analyzing a testee's test.
Strategic storytelling has been enlisted to change attitudes and behaviors.
Forges emotional connection as is done by IO in rapport making , GTO in standard briefing and Psychologist also by standard briefing
Successfully convincing IO/GTO/Psych like famous Lawyer Moe Levine who often used the “whole man” theory to successfully influence juries to empathize with his clients.
Olympians prepare mentally for their performance so can a candidate for SSB
Change in thoughts or emotions will have a corresponding effect on the individual's physiology ,
The ability to self-regulate in a desired direction is a critical skill
An interview is essentially a structured conversation where one participant asks questions, and the other provides answers. In common parlance, the word "interview" refers to a one-on-one conversation between an interviewer and an interviewee. The interviewer asks questions to which the interviewee responds, usually providing information. That information may be used or provided to other audiences immediately or later. This feature is common to many types of interviews – a job interview or interview with a witness to an event may have no other audience present at the time, but the answers will be later provided to others in the employment or investigative process. An interview may also transfer information in both directions.
The powerpoint presentation is on process involved in interviewing and recruitment and also the skills required for a human resources person involved in interview process.
Similar to Iinterview technique used in services selection board for Career as an officer in Defence (20)
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Leaders are often faced with ethical conundrums(a confusing and difficult problem or question). So how can they determine when they’re inching toward dangerous territory? There are three main psychological dynamics that lead to crossing moral lines.
There’s omnipotence: when someone feels so aggrandized and entitled that they believe the rules of decent behavior don’t apply to them.
Consider cultural numbness: when others play along and gradually begin to accept and embody deviant norms.
Finally, when people don’t speak up because they are thinking of more immediate rewards, we see justified neglect.
Generally most people mean well, but simply execute their job poorly sometimes and sometimes, there are BAD bosses. We must learn “to Work "on Bad Boss
According to dictionary.com, “to work” something or someone is to put them into effective operation, to operate that thing or person for productive purposes.
Put your Bad Boss into effective operation to get whatever you want in your job or career by learning your boss’s secret desire and secret fear
Two biggest issues of Bad Boss are:
They can negatively impact our work performance.
They can make life miserable
We often hear “being difficult.” about Bad Boss. It’s hard to know exactly where the difficulty lie. All we know is it is difficult to work successfully with this person.
An incompetent person is someone who is
Functionally inadequate or
Insufficient in Knowledge, Skills, Judgment, or Strength
Mindset is a mental attitude that determines how we interpret and respond to situations.
Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays a significant role in determining achievement and success.
A mindset refers to whether you believe qualities such as intelligence and talent are fixed or changeable traits.
People with a fixed mindset believe that these qualities are inborn, fixed, and unchangeable.
Those with a growth mindset, on the other hand, believe that these abilities can be developed and strengthened by way of commitment and hard work.
Story of Katalin Karikó, a researcher who won the Nobel prize for medicine for her work on modifying the RNA molecule to avoid triggering a harmful immune response is a classical example of mindset.
Yet, her life was full of rejection and doubt.
Her achievement had much to do with her mindset.
A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed by evidence.
A theory presents a concept or idea that is testable.
In science, a theory is not merely a guess.
A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon.
In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Hence study of Psychology theory is essential for SSB and all types of Interviewas it helps us to understand our own developmental psychology.k
Personality theorists should study normal individuals
All behavior is interactive
The person must be studied in terms of interactions with their environment
The brain is the locus of personality
There is a biological basis to personality
Definition of Personality
1- Personality is an abstraction formulated by a theorist.
2- It refers to series of events that ideally span over life time from childhood to adulthood
3-It reflects novel, unique, recurrent and enduring patterns of behaviours – his education and training .
4- Personality is located in brain- imagination, perception
5.Personality comprises the person’s central organizing and governing processes, whose function is to
Resolve conflicts,
Satisfy needs, and
Plan for future goals.
” Emotions are complex psychological states involving three distinct components: a subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response”
"Discovering Psychology," by Don Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury
In 1972, psychologist Paul Ekman suggested that there are six basic emotions that are universal throughout human cultures: fear, disgust, anger, surprise, joy, and sadness.
In the 1980s, Robert Plutchik introduced another emotion classification system known as the wheel of emotions. This model demonstrated how different emotions can be combined or mixed together, much like the way an artist mixes primary colors to create other colors.
Plutchik proposed eight primary emotional dimensions: joy vs. sadness, anger vs. fear, trust vs. disgust, and surprise vs. anticipation.
These emotions can then be combined to create others, such as happiness + anticipation = excitement.
In 1999, Ekman expanded his list to include a number of other basic emotions, including embarrassment, excitement, contempt, shame, pride, satisfaction, and amusement
Anger is an intense emotion you feel when
Something has gone wrong or
Someone has wronged you.
It is typically characterized by feelings of
Stress,
Frustration, and
Irritation.
Anger is a perfectly normal response to frustrating or difficult situations.
Anger only becomes a problem when
It’s excessively displayed and
Begins to affect your daily functioning and the way you relate with people.
Anger can range in intensity, from a slight annoyance to rage.
It can sometimes be excessive or irrational.
In these cases, it can be hard to keep the emotion in check and could cause you to behave in ways you wouldn’t otherwise behave.
Cognitive distortions are
Negative or irrational patterns of thinking.
Simply ways that Impostor Syndrome convinces us to believe things that aren’t really true.
Inaccurate thought patterns that
Reinforce our negative self perception and
Keep us feeling bad about ourselves
These negative thought patterns can play a role in
Diminishing our motivation,
Lowering our self-esteem
Contributing to problems like
Anxiety,
Depression, and
Substance use.
Trauma Bonding is the attachment an abused person feels for their abuser, specifically in a relationship with a cyclical pattern of abuse.
Is created due to a cycle of abuse and positive reinforcement
After each circumstance of abuse, the abuser professes love, regret, and trying to make the relationship feel safe and needed for the abused person.
Hence Abused
Finds leaving an abusive situation confusing and overwhelming
Involves positive and/or loving feelings for an abuser
Also feel attached to and dependent on their abuser.
Emotional abuse involves controlling another person by using emotions to Criticize , Embarrass ,Shame ,Blame or
Manipulate .
To be abusive there must be a consistent pattern of abusive words and bullying behaviours that Wear down a person’s Self-esteem and Undermine Their mental health.
Most common in married relationships,
Mental or emotional abuse can occur in any relationship—including among
Friends
Family members and
Co-workers
Attachment-related patterns that differ between individuals are commonly called "attachment styles."
There seems to be an association between a person’s attachment characteristics early in life and in adulthood, but the correlations are far from perfect.
Many adults feel secure in their relationships and comfortable depending on others (echoing “secure” attachment in children).
Others tend to feel anxious about their connection with close others—or prefer to avoid getting close to them in the first place (echoing “insecure” attachment in children).
Borderline personality disorder, characterized by a longing for intimacy and a hypersensitivity to rejection, have shown a high prevalence and severity of insecure attachment.
Attachment styles in adulthood (similar to attachment patterns in children):
Secure
Anxious-preoccupied (high anxiety, low avoidance)
Dismissing-avoidant (low anxiety, high avoidance)
Fearful-avoidant (high anxiety, high avoidance)
Conduct disorder is an ongoing pattern of behaviour marked by emotional and behavioural problems.
Ways in which Children with conduct disorder behave are
Angry,
Aggressive,
Argumentative, and
Disruptive ways.
It is a diagnosable mental health condition that is characterized by patterns of violating
Societal norms and
Rights of others
It's estimated that around 3% of school-aged children have conduct disorder and require professional treatment .
It is more common in boys than in girls.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a psychiatric disorder that typically emerges in childhood, between ages 6 and 8, and can last throughout adulthood.
ODD is more than just normal childhood tantrums
Frequency and severity of ODD causes difficulty at home and at school.
Children with ODD also struggle with learning problems related to their behavior.
Two types of oppositional defiant disorder:
Childhood-onset ODD:
Present from an early age
Requires early intervention and treatment to prevent it from progressing into a more serious conduct disorder
Adolescent-onset ODD:
Begins suddenly in the middle- and high-school years, causing conflict at home and in school
There have been at least 13 different types of intelligence that have been identified so far.
These different ways of being smart can help people perform in different areas from their personal life, business, to sports and relationships.
Attachment is an emotional bond with another person. John Bowlby described attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings.“
Earliest bonds formed by children (with caregivers) have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life and Attachment so developed
Serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival.
Are innate drive Children are born with and is a product of evolutionary processes
Emerges and are regulated through the process of natural selection,
Are characterized by clear behavioural and motivation patterns.
Nurturance and responsiveness were the primary determinants of attachment.
Children who maintained proximity to an attachment figure were more likely to
Receive comfort and protection, and
More likely to survive to adulthood.
e-RUPI is a person and purpose-specific cashless e-voucher designed to guarantee
that the stored money value reaches its intended beneficiary and can only be used for
the specific benefit or purpose for which it was intended. The idea is to create a minimal
logistics, leak-proof delivery mechanism for a wide range of government Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT) programs across the country. The digital e-voucher platform can also
be used by organizations who wish to support welfare services through e-RUPI instead
of cash
The term ‘Moonlighting’ became popular in America when people started working a second job in addition to their regular 9-to-5 jobs. Since the rise of the work-from-home concept during the pandemic, employees got free time after work hours. While some took up their hobby in their free time, others started searching for part-time jobs. Especially in the IT industry, employees took up two jobs simultaneously and took advantage of the remote working model. This concept of working for two companies/organisations is referred to as moonlighting.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Iinterview technique used in services selection board for Career as an officer in Defence
1. ARMY CAREER AS AN OFFICER-3
SERVICES SELECTION BOARD-
INTERVIEW TECHNIQUE
An Initiative of
Shivnandani Industries Pvt Ltd
&
Jagdamb Janaki Nawal Janaki Society
By
Col Mukteshwar Prasad(Retd),
MTech,FIE(I),FIETE,FISLE,FInstOD,AMCSI
2. SSB Interview
Purpose
To choose few from many
Existing from time immemorial
Changed from arbitrary to quick-detailed-lengthy
Army interview evolved from second world war
To identify suitable officer material
Potential candidate assessed for suitability with three
independent technique
Mansa –Projective technique-By Psychologist
Wacha- Interview –By Interviewing officer
Karma-Group -By GTO(GroupTesting Officer)
Basic purpose of testing is same i.e. Assessment of Officer
Like qualities(OLQ)
3. Objective of Interview
“A personal meeting and conversation between two
or more person with a aim of getting information
about the person or persons taking part in the
meeting”
Types of Interview
Direct interview
Tight control by employing direct question and answer
technique
Indirect interview
Interviewee allowed to talk without any control by interviewer
Evaluation /patterned interview
Preplanned approach is used to interviewer in the desired and
relevant direction .Combination of above two
4. Objective of Interview..
In SSB third technique is employed with objective to
evaluate potential /OLQ with in limited time frame
PIQ
Basic Information
Qualification
Achievement
Family background
Does not contain
Insight regarding candidates attitude towards life and work
Whether likely to get along people
Whether they can adapt themselves to service environment
Problem areas
Social activities
Leadership potential
5. Interview Guide
Rapport(Small talk)
Work Experience
Education and training
Early Home background
Spare time interests and hobbies
Present social adjustment
Self evaluation
Closing of interview
6. Interview
Led by IO to explore work experience(Serving
candidates)and made to proceed
chronologically through various assignment
including present
Fresh Candidates –start with educational
background i.e. from middle school level to
college level. IO probes for “clues to
behavour” to get clear picture of
Strength
Shortcomings of candidates
7. Interview…
Candidate gets centre stage and encouraged
to most of talking
High rapport leads candidate to talk
spontaneously and provide clear picture of
what they are deep inside.
IO speaks 15% and candidate rest
Gives enough time to reflect and analyse
clues to behaviour from spontaneous remarks
8. Interview..
Experience has shown that best way to
predict what he will do in future is on the
basis what he has done in past
With effort few can improve long term behaviour
and long years of effect
Hence if hard work earlier then hard work later
If adapted well earlier then adapt well later in
service life
9. Function of IO is to assess
Mental ability of candidate
Appraise his
personality
Motivation
Character
Hence IO tech is subjective and depends on experience/ judgment /training
Judgment should be based on factual evidence rather than on hunch
IO assesses shortcomings and assets in terms of OLQ and judges to extent
assets outweigh liabilities or vicevesa
IO has to be alert from the beginning to search unfavourable information. If
found favourable then look for clues to confirm impression
Interview is indirect way to get information by adroit suggestion /comments
/questioning
Resort to direct questioning if candidate fails to be spontaneous
Ideally candidate confidence about interviewer develops interviewer and tells his
life story without any inhibition
10. To get spontaneity candidate is put to ease so
that spontaneous information is likely to
reflect
True feelings
Needs
Anxieties
Clues to shortcoming
11. Building Rapport
Begins with pleasantry &”pumping question ” which can not be answered
without fair amount of discussion. The candidate must speak for 2-3 mins.
These questions require preparation and not framed on spur of moment
Calculated pause if candidate stops after 2-3 sentences
Candidate feels silence demands fuller treatment of the topic
IO should not break eye contact and to look expectant
If candidate remains silent then IO to break with another question
Non verbal supportive gesture to encourage candidate to speak without
apprehension.
This comes from study of PIQ
Particular interest
Indicated achievements
Hobby
Physical mental activities
Spl coaching camps etc
Painting &drawings
Living in some part of areas
Sound of own voice in strange situation gives confidence, ease initial tension
12. Effect of facial expression
Facially responsive
Lifting eye brows Gives interviewer being
receptive candidate opens up
Smiling slightly
Expression like appreciation of achievement and
concern on unfortunate events also help open up
13. Effect of voice
After expression voice is important
Persuade candidate to reveal
qualification/characteristics/short comings/assets
Voice effectiveness depends upon
Talk not too loudly
Candidate gets threatened
Relegated from centre stage to minor role
Use all range of voice
Upper range for appreciation
Motivation to give further clues to innermost thought
Do not do over voice inflexion
14. Effect of lubrication &
Reinforcement
Lubricating/stroking/pat on the back
+ve comment through out the interview
maintains rapport and helps candidate keep
talking
Verbal –”very impressive”, “you deserve a lot of
credit ”,” excellent”
Makes candidate visibly warm ,increasingly expansive
and spontaneous
Nonverbal –nodding of head ,”oh”/ah etc.
Frequency depends on type of candidate City
born –less
15. Effect of playing down
unfavourable information
To encourage candidate to speak about
negative aspect of background
Bad in Mathematics-”You have done well in
other science subjects ”etc.
Does not reduce individual problem but face
it which makes him better
Sympathetic
16. Comprehensive introductory
Questions-1
“During next 45 min or so we will talk more
about you, covering areas like your education
, family , spare time. interests etc.Though I
have gained some idea about them after
going through the PIQ, you may have filled at
the time of your arrival in SC, you may talk
freely about yourself and your activities in
greater details.”
17. Comprehensive introductory Questions-
Education and training
‘Suppose you tell me about your education starting
from middle class level say vii std onwards working
up to your present level of education. I would
interested in the subjects you liked best, those you
did not care so much about , grades achieved in
examinations and effort put in extracurricular /co-
curricular activities which were available in school
and events you took part in ,any special
achievements in the field, about your friends circle
you have move with at school. I would also like to
know about your close friends and why you consider
them so.Teachers you liked most and about those
who did not impress you much ,how is your
education financed and things like that.”
18. Comprehensive introductory Questions-
Family background of candidate
That give me good idea about your education and related
activities. Now I would be interested to know about your
family. Suppose you tell me about your parents i.e. about
your father and mother their occupation ,how do you spend
time together ,your activities at home , about other
members of your family like brothers ,sisters , grand
parents .Whom do you approach for help when you have
problems and you want to confide. Normally what are the
activities in which you get personally involved with your
family. How do you meet monetary requirements ,i.e.
how much pocket money do you get and how do you spend
it.Who are your friends in neighborhoods and what social
,cultural or other activities you have undertaken in their
company”
19. Comprehensive introductory Questions-
spare time interest and hobbies
Suppose you now tell me how you spend spare time.What
are your hobbies ,sports games you have taken part both in
your days in school/ college, with family members or
neighbour hood friends ,your daily routine both on working
days and holiday ,about your reading habits etc.
Probe
Social effectiveness
Mental & physical stamina
Follow up question on general awareness
To check maturity
Understanding of environment
Follow up practical problems
Check reaction & ability to tackle problems
20. Final Question
That was very interesting interacting with you.
Now you tell me what are your strong points or
assets in your personality and what would like to
improve further
Acts as tension breaker
Insight of candidate to
Take advantage of strength
Effort to improve upon weakness
No notes are generally taken to avoid
breaking of eye contact
Making him conscious
21. Probing more deeply
Comments like ‘very interesting’ interspersed
with question add variety and make interview
more interesting
Leading comments and questions are
avoided
Question should be open ended
22. Methods of probing
Laundry Questions
Stimulate thinking by variety of responses o help candidate thought
together
Act as confirmation of clues during interview
Clarity of question
Seeking specific response rather than general
Two step probing for "why”
Evidence of analytical and critical thinking
Step1
IO moves from general to specific
“What subjects from many subjects from option you decided to choose”
Step2
’AndWhy?”-Puts pressure on the candidate ,hence used sparingly
Reveals
Judgment
Motivation
Other factors in personality structure
23. Methods of probing..
Double edged questions
Make easy for the candidate to admit shortcoming and help him greater self insight
“What about tact. Do you have as much you like”
“Is there something you like to improve”
Methods used in softening Direct questions
Avoid direct blunt questions. If unavoidable it may be softened
“Is it possible that..”
“How did it happen..”
Use must/perhaps/some what//little bit/to some extent
NotTaking-Take note after departure of candidate
Technique of control
Adequte coverage of each area
Penetration in candidate’s previous experience By
Sticking to interview guide
Interrupting when going off
Interruption
Irrelevant details be controlled by interruption
Timing and lubrication
Timing-at the end of sentence
Lubrication-like ”very interesting”
24. Common Errors
Error of leniency
Higher if candidate is known
Error of contrast
Compare candidate’s traits with own thusrate them lower
Error of central tendency
When IO is not confident he rates candidate on threshold
Halo effect/horn effect
Initial general impression of good or bad
Logical error
Problem in related trait
Contiguous bias
Personal likes and dislikes ,preferences/prejuidice may affect
rating
25. Closing Interview
Never leave candidate hurt, disconcerted and
discouraged. He must leave with good feeling
‘That was very good interaction I had with
you .You have given a lot of useful
information about yourself. So far I was
asking you question. Is theer anything you
would like to ask me or tell me”
26. Interview guide
Rapport and small talk
Work History (For working people)
Duties
Likes
Achievement
Dislikes
Things done less well
Working condition
Level of earning
Reason for changing job
Any leadership experience
Number of previous jobs
Factors of job satisfaction
Total job accomplishment
27. Interview guide…
Education and training
Best and poorest subject
Grades/divisions/percentages overall and subject wise
How much effort
Relationship with teachers
Extra curricular activities
Special achievement
Trading beyond school level
How was education financed
Total school achievement