There are no formal, normative standards for the TAT.
The simplest procedure for studying TAT responses is the inspection technique.
Most clinicians interpret the TAT stories informally; repetitive patterns or themes become apparent by reading through a subject's stories.
The following are the types of variables that that analyzer should look for in scoring and analyzing a testee's test.
Murray (1943) describes the TAT as a “method of revealing to the trained interpreter some of the dominant drives, emotions, sentiments, complexes, and conflicts of personality. Special value resides in its power to expose underlying inhibited tendencies which the subject is not willing to admit, or cannot admit because he is unconscious of them”
The TAT was originally developed based on Murray’s concepts of personality.
At the core of his concepts was a focus on
How individuals interact with their environments?
How people are affected by external forces? and
How their unique sets of needs, attitudes, and values influence their reaction to the world around them.?
Decoding TAT 3 & 4- McClelland ‘s need and Interpretation of card 1 based o...Col Mukteshwar Prasad
TAT tests in SSB consisting of 11 impulse and one blank is modification of original TAT to be suitable for mass testing to find suitability of a candidate for Armed Forces
Overall picture of a candidate profile is generated by assessing all 12 stories written and assess level of presence of 15 Officers’ Like qualities on a 10 point scale with highest as 1 and least at 10
Being human these 15 traits or qualities which must be present to various degree depending upon cleanness of personality of the candidate
Highest rating which a candidate has achieved is overall 5 with sprinkling from 5 to 8 in various OLQs
SSB test is a go and no go test in Engg Terms or Pass or fail and not to check personality disorder of all candidates
However report on possible failing in each qualities are noted and allowed to pass if in the opinion of Assessor he can improve after training with ample motivation and insight
Since it is an assessment for possible performance in future ,hence McClelland ‘s need of Achievement Motivation ,Affiliation and Power is vital.
If a candidate has to show these needs then he must act or project action through protagonist or Hero.
Achievement and relationship directly indicates Factor 1 and 2.If result is success the Factor 3 and 4 must necessarily be present
Ten Scale scoring guide can help an Assessor to be more accurate and realistic
Decoding tat 11 the defense mechanism manual part 2 (projection)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Projection under manual is coded as under
1. Attribution of Aggressive or Hostile Feeling, Emotions, or Intentions to a Character, or Other Feelings, Emotions, or Intentions that are Normatively Unusual.
2. Additions of Ominous People, Ghosts, Animals, Objects or Qualities.
3. Magical or Circumstantial Thinking
4. Concern for Protection from External Threat
5. Apprehensiveness of Death, Injury, or Assault
6. Themes of Pursuit, Entrapment, and Escape
7. Bizarre or Very Unusual Story or Theme
Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS) originally detailed by Westen (1995) and subsequently adopted as SCORS-G is another TAT interpretation tool being extensively utilized now.
According to Bruner, humans have two modes of thought:
1.The paradigmatic or logico-scientific Mode- attempts to fulfill the ideal of a formal, mathematical system of description and explanation
2.The narrative mode - leads to good stories, gripping drama, believable (though not necessarily "true") historical accounts.
These understanding will lead us to write a good TAT story
Decoding tat 12 the defense mechanism manual part 3 (identification)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
The Defense Mechanism Manual was developed to assess the use of three
defenses—denial, projection, and identification—as revealed in stories told to standard
The scoring for each defense is based on seven categories, each designed to reflect a
different aspect of the defense. Each category may be scored as often as necessary, with
the exception of a direct repetition in the story; in cases of repetition, the category is
scored only once
Although examples are provided to aid in deciding whether a category should be
scored or not, inevitably questions will arise. A thorough knowledge of the nature of the
defense mechanisms will help in answering these questions. Beyond this, the general rule
to be followed is, “When in doubt, leave it out.” That is, if there is a serious question
about whether or not the story segment is an example of the defense, do not score it.
This another analysis of 12 stories written by a candidate continuously as in SSB in 4 minutes with 30 Seconds to view the picture.The candidate is topper of DPS Bhubneshwar and Head Boy for last 2 years
Murray (1943) describes the TAT as a “method of revealing to the trained interpreter some of the dominant drives, emotions, sentiments, complexes, and conflicts of personality. Special value resides in its power to expose underlying inhibited tendencies which the subject is not willing to admit, or cannot admit because he is unconscious of them”
The TAT was originally developed based on Murray’s concepts of personality.
At the core of his concepts was a focus on
How individuals interact with their environments?
How people are affected by external forces? and
How their unique sets of needs, attitudes, and values influence their reaction to the world around them.?
Decoding TAT 3 & 4- McClelland ‘s need and Interpretation of card 1 based o...Col Mukteshwar Prasad
TAT tests in SSB consisting of 11 impulse and one blank is modification of original TAT to be suitable for mass testing to find suitability of a candidate for Armed Forces
Overall picture of a candidate profile is generated by assessing all 12 stories written and assess level of presence of 15 Officers’ Like qualities on a 10 point scale with highest as 1 and least at 10
Being human these 15 traits or qualities which must be present to various degree depending upon cleanness of personality of the candidate
Highest rating which a candidate has achieved is overall 5 with sprinkling from 5 to 8 in various OLQs
SSB test is a go and no go test in Engg Terms or Pass or fail and not to check personality disorder of all candidates
However report on possible failing in each qualities are noted and allowed to pass if in the opinion of Assessor he can improve after training with ample motivation and insight
Since it is an assessment for possible performance in future ,hence McClelland ‘s need of Achievement Motivation ,Affiliation and Power is vital.
If a candidate has to show these needs then he must act or project action through protagonist or Hero.
Achievement and relationship directly indicates Factor 1 and 2.If result is success the Factor 3 and 4 must necessarily be present
Ten Scale scoring guide can help an Assessor to be more accurate and realistic
Decoding tat 11 the defense mechanism manual part 2 (projection)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Projection under manual is coded as under
1. Attribution of Aggressive or Hostile Feeling, Emotions, or Intentions to a Character, or Other Feelings, Emotions, or Intentions that are Normatively Unusual.
2. Additions of Ominous People, Ghosts, Animals, Objects or Qualities.
3. Magical or Circumstantial Thinking
4. Concern for Protection from External Threat
5. Apprehensiveness of Death, Injury, or Assault
6. Themes of Pursuit, Entrapment, and Escape
7. Bizarre or Very Unusual Story or Theme
Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS) originally detailed by Westen (1995) and subsequently adopted as SCORS-G is another TAT interpretation tool being extensively utilized now.
According to Bruner, humans have two modes of thought:
1.The paradigmatic or logico-scientific Mode- attempts to fulfill the ideal of a formal, mathematical system of description and explanation
2.The narrative mode - leads to good stories, gripping drama, believable (though not necessarily "true") historical accounts.
These understanding will lead us to write a good TAT story
Decoding tat 12 the defense mechanism manual part 3 (identification)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
The Defense Mechanism Manual was developed to assess the use of three
defenses—denial, projection, and identification—as revealed in stories told to standard
The scoring for each defense is based on seven categories, each designed to reflect a
different aspect of the defense. Each category may be scored as often as necessary, with
the exception of a direct repetition in the story; in cases of repetition, the category is
scored only once
Although examples are provided to aid in deciding whether a category should be
scored or not, inevitably questions will arise. A thorough knowledge of the nature of the
defense mechanisms will help in answering these questions. Beyond this, the general rule
to be followed is, “When in doubt, leave it out.” That is, if there is a serious question
about whether or not the story segment is an example of the defense, do not score it.
This another analysis of 12 stories written by a candidate continuously as in SSB in 4 minutes with 30 Seconds to view the picture.The candidate is topper of DPS Bhubneshwar and Head Boy for last 2 years
TAT analysis of 12 stories based on impulse of TAT 15 uploaded earlier.Analysis of 1st two stories are based on Need Achievement and 3rd based on SCOR.Rest on general short analysis
This in series of uploads on analysis of Stories for TAT to enable candidates to analyze for themselves if they are on right tracks writing of story and its interpretation is very important both for PPDT and Psychological test itself
Some typical answer for IO questions by candidate has been given for guidance.Candidates are advised to prepare answer of expected problems if any based on their own envirionment and circumstances
PPSS-R uses TAT response to assess how people are likely to resolve personal problems
Responses are scored across 4 categories
Story Design
Story Orientation
Story solution
Story resolution
PPSS-R uses stories generated to assess how people identify ,concetualize and resolve personal problems
Personal problem solving skill is inversely related to psychological distress
People who solve problems have good mental health
Components of personal problem solving
Identify accurately problem situation
Capacity to generate alternative solutions to a problem situation
Ability to generate step by step plan for problem resolution
Ability to understand one’s own motives and motives of others
4 Categories have 13 scoring criteria
Book( Decoding Services Selection Board -Career in armed forces as an officer)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Only book which gives theoretical detailed consideration on all technique
Acts as self help
Written by experienced professionals (Ex IO and Ex Psychologist)
Gives coverage to new SSB technique likely to be implemented in few months
Acts as Personality Development material for all up to middle management level
Strategic storytelling has been enlisted to change attitudes and behaviors.
Forges emotional connection as is done by IO in rapport making , GTO in standard briefing and Psychologist also by standard briefing
Successfully convincing IO/GTO/Psych like famous Lawyer Moe Levine who often used the “whole man” theory to successfully influence juries to empathize with his clients.
Olympians prepare mentally for their performance so can a candidate for SSB
Change in thoughts or emotions will have a corresponding effect on the individual's physiology ,
The ability to self-regulate in a desired direction is a critical skill
Most of us(some time or other) do have sleepless nights worrying about something that had happened in the past and allow it to dictate our future holding on negative experience/pain rather than moving towards positives.
Terrible first impression
Inappropriate decisions like shutting off business
Major deaths /accident in close family -When we hold on to that pain, we can't move on to something more positive.
It's important to let it go and leave the past behind as is the classical example of Smt Draupadi Murmu , Honourable President of India
The descriptions and discussion of Murray’s TAT card are divided into three sections:
1. Brief description of card.
2. Plots frequently encountered.
3. A general discussion of the significance and overall usefulness of the card.
The descriptions of each TAT card are from Handbook of Psychological Assessment by Groth et al
This is the 2nd task of GTO.It is also 2nd out of 3 Indoor GTO tasks.In this integration stage the candidates tend to compete with each other vying for acceptance of their solution
In earlier Group discussion they have explored each other’s capability based on level of discussion and quality.Performance in at least 3 out of 4 tasks in basic series are important for being acceptable in GTO technique. It is the only task for which written proof exists in the form of GPE plan and retained implying one must necessarily do well for consideration of being passed
Situation-One or more circumstances, conditions, states, or entities in the environment that have the potential to exert causal influences on an individual's behavior.
What is a problem in psychology?
In the context of cognitive psychology, a problem is any situation in which we are trying to reach a goal and we must find a means to reach that goal.
In general, situational meaning refers to how a person appraises ongoing events (e.g. the immediate situation or one's life in general) in terms of personal relevance and the ability to cope, and to the options available for coping.
This set has been designed as a practice for all potential candidates aspiring to attend SSB and interview for coastal guards. All pictures have been timed as would happen in actual scenario during tests
How people perceive the situations they engage in are important because
(a) Persons and situations are interdependent
(b)All stimuli both external (e.g., people present) and internal ones (e.g., current mood) are processed within a personality system and
(c)Studies have shown that perceptions are not monolithic entities:
They vary according to the person who perceives a stimulus,
The properties of the stimulus itself, and
The interactions between person and stimulus.
Rothman has developed novel componential approach to situation perception to disentangle
Perceiver (a perceiver’s tendency of seeing situations),
Situation (a situation’s tendency of being seen), and
Perceiver Situation variance (a perceiver’s unique view of a specific situation).
After having seen the definition of Situation and its relation with perception which in turn modulates or changes the situation,it is worthwhile to attempt to relate various parameters with situation given in SSB in all three discipline such as Psych, GTO and IO Technique.Itis of immense value to SSB aspirants
The function of defenses has been modified over the years, from a counter-force against instincts to the protection of self-esteem.
To understand the role of defenses in pathological and normal development, a coding method to use with Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) stories – the Defense Mechanism Manual (Cramer, 1991a) – has been developed
Three broad defenses – Denial, Projection, and Identification – may be coded with this method.
Research has shown that the two ego functions of defense and IQ are not correlated in childhood and adolescence, but are correlated in adulthood defenses and IQ.
Importantly, IQ serves as a moderator for the effect of defense use on variables such as
Psychiatric symptom change,
Level of Ego Development, and
Big Five personality traits
A situation is a set of fleeting(Lasting for very short time), dynamic, and momentary circumstances that do not lie within a person (i.e., they are neither own mental processes nor own behavior), but in their surroundings. Rauthmann, 2015
Or
Situation constitutes everything that is outside the person.
A person (Psychologically ) is made up of goals, motives, values, interests, skills, abilities, etc.,
Situations are everything else, including other people.
Every thought, feeling, desire, and behavior is embedded in a situation.
Three different kinds of situational information provide a lens to define situation :
Cues
Characteristics
Classes
TAT analysis of 12 stories based on impulse of TAT 15 uploaded earlier.Analysis of 1st two stories are based on Need Achievement and 3rd based on SCOR.Rest on general short analysis
This in series of uploads on analysis of Stories for TAT to enable candidates to analyze for themselves if they are on right tracks writing of story and its interpretation is very important both for PPDT and Psychological test itself
Some typical answer for IO questions by candidate has been given for guidance.Candidates are advised to prepare answer of expected problems if any based on their own envirionment and circumstances
PPSS-R uses TAT response to assess how people are likely to resolve personal problems
Responses are scored across 4 categories
Story Design
Story Orientation
Story solution
Story resolution
PPSS-R uses stories generated to assess how people identify ,concetualize and resolve personal problems
Personal problem solving skill is inversely related to psychological distress
People who solve problems have good mental health
Components of personal problem solving
Identify accurately problem situation
Capacity to generate alternative solutions to a problem situation
Ability to generate step by step plan for problem resolution
Ability to understand one’s own motives and motives of others
4 Categories have 13 scoring criteria
Book( Decoding Services Selection Board -Career in armed forces as an officer)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Only book which gives theoretical detailed consideration on all technique
Acts as self help
Written by experienced professionals (Ex IO and Ex Psychologist)
Gives coverage to new SSB technique likely to be implemented in few months
Acts as Personality Development material for all up to middle management level
Strategic storytelling has been enlisted to change attitudes and behaviors.
Forges emotional connection as is done by IO in rapport making , GTO in standard briefing and Psychologist also by standard briefing
Successfully convincing IO/GTO/Psych like famous Lawyer Moe Levine who often used the “whole man” theory to successfully influence juries to empathize with his clients.
Olympians prepare mentally for their performance so can a candidate for SSB
Change in thoughts or emotions will have a corresponding effect on the individual's physiology ,
The ability to self-regulate in a desired direction is a critical skill
Most of us(some time or other) do have sleepless nights worrying about something that had happened in the past and allow it to dictate our future holding on negative experience/pain rather than moving towards positives.
Terrible first impression
Inappropriate decisions like shutting off business
Major deaths /accident in close family -When we hold on to that pain, we can't move on to something more positive.
It's important to let it go and leave the past behind as is the classical example of Smt Draupadi Murmu , Honourable President of India
The descriptions and discussion of Murray’s TAT card are divided into three sections:
1. Brief description of card.
2. Plots frequently encountered.
3. A general discussion of the significance and overall usefulness of the card.
The descriptions of each TAT card are from Handbook of Psychological Assessment by Groth et al
This is the 2nd task of GTO.It is also 2nd out of 3 Indoor GTO tasks.In this integration stage the candidates tend to compete with each other vying for acceptance of their solution
In earlier Group discussion they have explored each other’s capability based on level of discussion and quality.Performance in at least 3 out of 4 tasks in basic series are important for being acceptable in GTO technique. It is the only task for which written proof exists in the form of GPE plan and retained implying one must necessarily do well for consideration of being passed
Situation-One or more circumstances, conditions, states, or entities in the environment that have the potential to exert causal influences on an individual's behavior.
What is a problem in psychology?
In the context of cognitive psychology, a problem is any situation in which we are trying to reach a goal and we must find a means to reach that goal.
In general, situational meaning refers to how a person appraises ongoing events (e.g. the immediate situation or one's life in general) in terms of personal relevance and the ability to cope, and to the options available for coping.
This set has been designed as a practice for all potential candidates aspiring to attend SSB and interview for coastal guards. All pictures have been timed as would happen in actual scenario during tests
How people perceive the situations they engage in are important because
(a) Persons and situations are interdependent
(b)All stimuli both external (e.g., people present) and internal ones (e.g., current mood) are processed within a personality system and
(c)Studies have shown that perceptions are not monolithic entities:
They vary according to the person who perceives a stimulus,
The properties of the stimulus itself, and
The interactions between person and stimulus.
Rothman has developed novel componential approach to situation perception to disentangle
Perceiver (a perceiver’s tendency of seeing situations),
Situation (a situation’s tendency of being seen), and
Perceiver Situation variance (a perceiver’s unique view of a specific situation).
After having seen the definition of Situation and its relation with perception which in turn modulates or changes the situation,it is worthwhile to attempt to relate various parameters with situation given in SSB in all three discipline such as Psych, GTO and IO Technique.Itis of immense value to SSB aspirants
The function of defenses has been modified over the years, from a counter-force against instincts to the protection of self-esteem.
To understand the role of defenses in pathological and normal development, a coding method to use with Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) stories – the Defense Mechanism Manual (Cramer, 1991a) – has been developed
Three broad defenses – Denial, Projection, and Identification – may be coded with this method.
Research has shown that the two ego functions of defense and IQ are not correlated in childhood and adolescence, but are correlated in adulthood defenses and IQ.
Importantly, IQ serves as a moderator for the effect of defense use on variables such as
Psychiatric symptom change,
Level of Ego Development, and
Big Five personality traits
A situation is a set of fleeting(Lasting for very short time), dynamic, and momentary circumstances that do not lie within a person (i.e., they are neither own mental processes nor own behavior), but in their surroundings. Rauthmann, 2015
Or
Situation constitutes everything that is outside the person.
A person (Psychologically ) is made up of goals, motives, values, interests, skills, abilities, etc.,
Situations are everything else, including other people.
Every thought, feeling, desire, and behavior is embedded in a situation.
Three different kinds of situational information provide a lens to define situation :
Cues
Characteristics
Classes
03. intro to argument, informal fallaciesJustin Morris
Thank You for Arguing (TYFA) Selected pages:
Team 1: Ch. 1 (3-15)
Team 2: Ch. 2 (15-26)
Team 3: Ch. 3 (27-37)
Team 4: Ch. 14 (137-154)
Team 5: Ch. 15 (155-170)
Team 6: Ch. 16 (171-180)
Schools that have successful results with all their students use a variety of teaching approaches, engage with families and communities to support life-long learning, and keep students motivated to learn and create. To do this work well, especially in large, urban school systems, practitioners (teachers, aides, school psychologists, and other school personnel) and parents need some specialized tools.
The Synapsys Multiple Intelligences Assessment (SMIA) Tools developed by us fulfill this need and provide a framework and strategy that can help teachers in designing classrooms, instruction, and curricula that meet the individual needs of many kinds of students.
i am not sure where i have acquired this so if you are the audience i apologise for not citing your creative and intellectual rights. I suspect I found it somewhere on here or on an OCR training day - i have changed it somewhat so thanks for the original
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Leaders are often faced with ethical conundrums(a confusing and difficult problem or question). So how can they determine when they’re inching toward dangerous territory? There are three main psychological dynamics that lead to crossing moral lines.
There’s omnipotence: when someone feels so aggrandized and entitled that they believe the rules of decent behavior don’t apply to them.
Consider cultural numbness: when others play along and gradually begin to accept and embody deviant norms.
Finally, when people don’t speak up because they are thinking of more immediate rewards, we see justified neglect.
Generally most people mean well, but simply execute their job poorly sometimes and sometimes, there are BAD bosses. We must learn “to Work "on Bad Boss
According to dictionary.com, “to work” something or someone is to put them into effective operation, to operate that thing or person for productive purposes.
Put your Bad Boss into effective operation to get whatever you want in your job or career by learning your boss’s secret desire and secret fear
Two biggest issues of Bad Boss are:
They can negatively impact our work performance.
They can make life miserable
We often hear “being difficult.” about Bad Boss. It’s hard to know exactly where the difficulty lie. All we know is it is difficult to work successfully with this person.
An incompetent person is someone who is
Functionally inadequate or
Insufficient in Knowledge, Skills, Judgment, or Strength
Mindset is a mental attitude that determines how we interpret and respond to situations.
Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays a significant role in determining achievement and success.
A mindset refers to whether you believe qualities such as intelligence and talent are fixed or changeable traits.
People with a fixed mindset believe that these qualities are inborn, fixed, and unchangeable.
Those with a growth mindset, on the other hand, believe that these abilities can be developed and strengthened by way of commitment and hard work.
Story of Katalin Karikó, a researcher who won the Nobel prize for medicine for her work on modifying the RNA molecule to avoid triggering a harmful immune response is a classical example of mindset.
Yet, her life was full of rejection and doubt.
Her achievement had much to do with her mindset.
A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed by evidence.
A theory presents a concept or idea that is testable.
In science, a theory is not merely a guess.
A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon.
In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Hence study of Psychology theory is essential for SSB and all types of Interviewas it helps us to understand our own developmental psychology.k
Personality theorists should study normal individuals
All behavior is interactive
The person must be studied in terms of interactions with their environment
The brain is the locus of personality
There is a biological basis to personality
Definition of Personality
1- Personality is an abstraction formulated by a theorist.
2- It refers to series of events that ideally span over life time from childhood to adulthood
3-It reflects novel, unique, recurrent and enduring patterns of behaviours – his education and training .
4- Personality is located in brain- imagination, perception
5.Personality comprises the person’s central organizing and governing processes, whose function is to
Resolve conflicts,
Satisfy needs, and
Plan for future goals.
” Emotions are complex psychological states involving three distinct components: a subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response”
"Discovering Psychology," by Don Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury
In 1972, psychologist Paul Ekman suggested that there are six basic emotions that are universal throughout human cultures: fear, disgust, anger, surprise, joy, and sadness.
In the 1980s, Robert Plutchik introduced another emotion classification system known as the wheel of emotions. This model demonstrated how different emotions can be combined or mixed together, much like the way an artist mixes primary colors to create other colors.
Plutchik proposed eight primary emotional dimensions: joy vs. sadness, anger vs. fear, trust vs. disgust, and surprise vs. anticipation.
These emotions can then be combined to create others, such as happiness + anticipation = excitement.
In 1999, Ekman expanded his list to include a number of other basic emotions, including embarrassment, excitement, contempt, shame, pride, satisfaction, and amusement
Anger is an intense emotion you feel when
Something has gone wrong or
Someone has wronged you.
It is typically characterized by feelings of
Stress,
Frustration, and
Irritation.
Anger is a perfectly normal response to frustrating or difficult situations.
Anger only becomes a problem when
It’s excessively displayed and
Begins to affect your daily functioning and the way you relate with people.
Anger can range in intensity, from a slight annoyance to rage.
It can sometimes be excessive or irrational.
In these cases, it can be hard to keep the emotion in check and could cause you to behave in ways you wouldn’t otherwise behave.
Cognitive distortions are
Negative or irrational patterns of thinking.
Simply ways that Impostor Syndrome convinces us to believe things that aren’t really true.
Inaccurate thought patterns that
Reinforce our negative self perception and
Keep us feeling bad about ourselves
These negative thought patterns can play a role in
Diminishing our motivation,
Lowering our self-esteem
Contributing to problems like
Anxiety,
Depression, and
Substance use.
Trauma Bonding is the attachment an abused person feels for their abuser, specifically in a relationship with a cyclical pattern of abuse.
Is created due to a cycle of abuse and positive reinforcement
After each circumstance of abuse, the abuser professes love, regret, and trying to make the relationship feel safe and needed for the abused person.
Hence Abused
Finds leaving an abusive situation confusing and overwhelming
Involves positive and/or loving feelings for an abuser
Also feel attached to and dependent on their abuser.
Emotional abuse involves controlling another person by using emotions to Criticize , Embarrass ,Shame ,Blame or
Manipulate .
To be abusive there must be a consistent pattern of abusive words and bullying behaviours that Wear down a person’s Self-esteem and Undermine Their mental health.
Most common in married relationships,
Mental or emotional abuse can occur in any relationship—including among
Friends
Family members and
Co-workers
Attachment-related patterns that differ between individuals are commonly called "attachment styles."
There seems to be an association between a person’s attachment characteristics early in life and in adulthood, but the correlations are far from perfect.
Many adults feel secure in their relationships and comfortable depending on others (echoing “secure” attachment in children).
Others tend to feel anxious about their connection with close others—or prefer to avoid getting close to them in the first place (echoing “insecure” attachment in children).
Borderline personality disorder, characterized by a longing for intimacy and a hypersensitivity to rejection, have shown a high prevalence and severity of insecure attachment.
Attachment styles in adulthood (similar to attachment patterns in children):
Secure
Anxious-preoccupied (high anxiety, low avoidance)
Dismissing-avoidant (low anxiety, high avoidance)
Fearful-avoidant (high anxiety, high avoidance)
Conduct disorder is an ongoing pattern of behaviour marked by emotional and behavioural problems.
Ways in which Children with conduct disorder behave are
Angry,
Aggressive,
Argumentative, and
Disruptive ways.
It is a diagnosable mental health condition that is characterized by patterns of violating
Societal norms and
Rights of others
It's estimated that around 3% of school-aged children have conduct disorder and require professional treatment .
It is more common in boys than in girls.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a psychiatric disorder that typically emerges in childhood, between ages 6 and 8, and can last throughout adulthood.
ODD is more than just normal childhood tantrums
Frequency and severity of ODD causes difficulty at home and at school.
Children with ODD also struggle with learning problems related to their behavior.
Two types of oppositional defiant disorder:
Childhood-onset ODD:
Present from an early age
Requires early intervention and treatment to prevent it from progressing into a more serious conduct disorder
Adolescent-onset ODD:
Begins suddenly in the middle- and high-school years, causing conflict at home and in school
There have been at least 13 different types of intelligence that have been identified so far.
These different ways of being smart can help people perform in different areas from their personal life, business, to sports and relationships.
Attachment is an emotional bond with another person. John Bowlby described attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings.“
Earliest bonds formed by children (with caregivers) have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life and Attachment so developed
Serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival.
Are innate drive Children are born with and is a product of evolutionary processes
Emerges and are regulated through the process of natural selection,
Are characterized by clear behavioural and motivation patterns.
Nurturance and responsiveness were the primary determinants of attachment.
Children who maintained proximity to an attachment figure were more likely to
Receive comfort and protection, and
More likely to survive to adulthood.
e-RUPI is a person and purpose-specific cashless e-voucher designed to guarantee
that the stored money value reaches its intended beneficiary and can only be used for
the specific benefit or purpose for which it was intended. The idea is to create a minimal
logistics, leak-proof delivery mechanism for a wide range of government Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT) programs across the country. The digital e-voucher platform can also
be used by organizations who wish to support welfare services through e-RUPI instead
of cash
The term ‘Moonlighting’ became popular in America when people started working a second job in addition to their regular 9-to-5 jobs. Since the rise of the work-from-home concept during the pandemic, employees got free time after work hours. While some took up their hobby in their free time, others started searching for part-time jobs. Especially in the IT industry, employees took up two jobs simultaneously and took advantage of the remote working model. This concept of working for two companies/organisations is referred to as moonlighting.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Decoding tat 14- Interpretation of TAT A Method
1. Decoding TAT -14
Analyzing the TAT
Compiled by Col Mukteshwar Prasad(Retd),
Mtech(IITD),CE(I),FIE(I),FIETE,FISLE,FInstOD,AMCSI
Contact -9007224278, e-mail –muktesh_prasad@yahoo.co.in
for book ”Decoding Services Selection Board” and SSB ON line guidance and training
at Shivnandani Edu and Defence Academy
2. Introduction
• There are no formal, normative standards for the TAT.
• The simplest procedure for studying TAT responses is the inspection
technique.
• Most clinicians interpret the TAT stories informally; repetitive
patterns or themes become apparent by reading through a subject's
stories.
• The following are the types of variables that that analyzer
should look for in scoring and analyzing a testee's test.
3. Interpretation
• Story-Description
• Paying attention to how the testee uses story or description.
• Are there transitions in there explanations or is there a tendency for more clear-cut
conditions.
• Stimulus Perception
• How much the stimulus in the picture was defined and perceived.
• The stimuli may be perceived by the testee in a way that is common, when it is not it is
considered a deviation.
• Deviation from the Typical Response
• The testee may perceive what is considered normal responses to stimuli story plots
in unusual ways.
• Deviation from Self
• When the testee deviates from their normal perception of the stimuli.
• This variable should be checked after all the other stories have been analyzed.
• Time Trend
• This serves to indicate the trend of the response as far as time is concerned whether it
gravitates toward the past: rest mainly in the present or projects into the future.
4. Interpretation
• Level of Interpretation
• The following qualities are the most common in occurrence and most significant for
interpretation.
• Concrete-factual: realistic experiences
• Endo-psychic: waking inner experiences
• Symbolic: the scene means something beyond its immediate appearance
• Dreamlike: Imagined subjective reality, as in dream, in trance, in hallucination
• Past and Mythical: Response dealing with more remote, "historical" past, no less than a
generation ago, or any realm of Gods or ghosts
• Make-believe: People in the story pretend to do, or feel, something which they do not
really feel, or do.
• Conditional: The progress of events is made dependent on a certain interpretation in
the beginning
5. Interpretation
• Tone of Story
• This refers to the feeling tone which pervades the entire response and is hence
the complex effect of language and imagery, of story, and even of the perception
of the stimulus.
• Indifferent: no particular tone
• Detached: noticeable attention to be aloof
• Contemplative: philosophical, meditative, didactic
• Cheerful-expansive: buoyant, vigorous drive
• Serene: content but quiet, without much display of drive
• Melodramatic-pompous: stereotypes of language or plot
• Unhappy-tragic: any unhappy feeling tone other than the ones specified subsequently;
frustration, suffering, thwarting, etc.
• Tense: unresolved tension throughout the response, constrained
• Anxious: expression of anxiety
• Morbid: any tone of extreme moroseness; disintegration, abandonment of self, gore, loss of
orientation and control
• Aggressive: with the connotation of pent-up hatred, vindictive lashing-out, critical asides
6. Interpretation
• Quality of Telling
• Choice of language, or diction, and to the style of telling, ranging from the structure of sentences to
composition.
• Simple: every-day language
• Primitive: limited vocabulary, typical grammar mistakes and syntax
• Verbose:profuse on a simple or primitive level
• Stilted: extravagant formality, stiffness, high-fallutin' words and phrases
• Cliche: Stereotype phrases of cheap literature
• Colorful: variety, originality of expression on a simple, not particularly literate level
• Literate: diction and style showing influence of literacy and esthetic training
• Critical:If a good deal of emphasis is on a critical discussion of either the stimulus or the presumed
conduct of the people in it
• Evasive: the response is obviously to disguise the testee's true attitudes
• Focal Figure
• The figure, the former "hero," should not be selected according to his/her virtues but with regard to
the extent to which the response centers around him/her.
• Descriptions of sex and the most important traits or activities which characterize this figure for a
particular story, in the testee's own words.
• Other Figures
• Figures other than the focal one should be described in exactly the same way.
7. Interpretation
• Personal Relationships
• Two classes of relationships should be distinguished.
• Formal: institutional relationships (father, mother, husband, wife etc.).
• Emotional: relationships of love, hatred, dependence, etc.
• Strivings/AvoidancesManifest tendencies prior to any designation
of unconscious significance. The tendency away from something.
• Presses
• Influence from outside exercised upon focal figure, his/her counterpart, or upon any
next-to-focal figure.
• Outcome
• Success or defeat in the end refer to the focal figure. Both should be understood in a
wide sense, like gratification and frustration. Unresolved tension denotes the absence
of an outcome, as when the situation is left dangling.
• Thema
• The main trend and main events of the story should be abstracted here in the most
concise form.