1. The document provides scoring categories for projection as a defense mechanism as measured on the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
2. There are 7 main categories of projection scored: 1) Attribution of aggression, 2) Addition of ominous people/objects, 3) Magical or circumstantial thinking, 4) Concern for external threats, 5) Apprehensiveness of death or injury, 6) Pursuit and entrapment themes, 7) Bizarre or unusual story themes.
3. Examples are given for scoring responses under each category based on the TAT card presented. Responses must meet specific criteria to be considered projections rather than simple story elements.
Decoding tat 12 the defense mechanism manual part 3 (identification)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
The Defense Mechanism Manual was developed to assess the use of three
defenses—denial, projection, and identification—as revealed in stories told to standard
The scoring for each defense is based on seven categories, each designed to reflect a
different aspect of the defense. Each category may be scored as often as necessary, with
the exception of a direct repetition in the story; in cases of repetition, the category is
scored only once
Although examples are provided to aid in deciding whether a category should be
scored or not, inevitably questions will arise. A thorough knowledge of the nature of the
defense mechanisms will help in answering these questions. Beyond this, the general rule
to be followed is, “When in doubt, leave it out.” That is, if there is a serious question
about whether or not the story segment is an example of the defense, do not score it.
PPSS-R uses TAT response to assess how people are likely to resolve personal problems
Responses are scored across 4 categories
Story Design
Story Orientation
Story solution
Story resolution
PPSS-R uses stories generated to assess how people identify ,concetualize and resolve personal problems
Personal problem solving skill is inversely related to psychological distress
People who solve problems have good mental health
Components of personal problem solving
Identify accurately problem situation
Capacity to generate alternative solutions to a problem situation
Ability to generate step by step plan for problem resolution
Ability to understand one’s own motives and motives of others
4 Categories have 13 scoring criteria
TAT analysis of 12 stories based on impulse of TAT 15 uploaded earlier.Analysis of 1st two stories are based on Need Achievement and 3rd based on SCOR.Rest on general short analysis
There are no formal, normative standards for the TAT.
The simplest procedure for studying TAT responses is the inspection technique.
Most clinicians interpret the TAT stories informally; repetitive patterns or themes become apparent by reading through a subject's stories.
The following are the types of variables that that analyzer should look for in scoring and analyzing a testee's test.
According to Bruner, humans have two modes of thought:
1.The paradigmatic or logico-scientific Mode- attempts to fulfill the ideal of a formal, mathematical system of description and explanation
2.The narrative mode - leads to good stories, gripping drama, believable (though not necessarily "true") historical accounts.
These understanding will lead us to write a good TAT story
This another analysis of 12 stories written by a candidate continuously as in SSB in 4 minutes with 30 Seconds to view the picture.The candidate is topper of DPS Bhubneshwar and Head Boy for last 2 years
Murray (1943) describes the TAT as a “method of revealing to the trained interpreter some of the dominant drives, emotions, sentiments, complexes, and conflicts of personality. Special value resides in its power to expose underlying inhibited tendencies which the subject is not willing to admit, or cannot admit because he is unconscious of them”
The TAT was originally developed based on Murray’s concepts of personality.
At the core of his concepts was a focus on
How individuals interact with their environments?
How people are affected by external forces? and
How their unique sets of needs, attitudes, and values influence their reaction to the world around them.?
Decoding tat 12 the defense mechanism manual part 3 (identification)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
The Defense Mechanism Manual was developed to assess the use of three
defenses—denial, projection, and identification—as revealed in stories told to standard
The scoring for each defense is based on seven categories, each designed to reflect a
different aspect of the defense. Each category may be scored as often as necessary, with
the exception of a direct repetition in the story; in cases of repetition, the category is
scored only once
Although examples are provided to aid in deciding whether a category should be
scored or not, inevitably questions will arise. A thorough knowledge of the nature of the
defense mechanisms will help in answering these questions. Beyond this, the general rule
to be followed is, “When in doubt, leave it out.” That is, if there is a serious question
about whether or not the story segment is an example of the defense, do not score it.
PPSS-R uses TAT response to assess how people are likely to resolve personal problems
Responses are scored across 4 categories
Story Design
Story Orientation
Story solution
Story resolution
PPSS-R uses stories generated to assess how people identify ,concetualize and resolve personal problems
Personal problem solving skill is inversely related to psychological distress
People who solve problems have good mental health
Components of personal problem solving
Identify accurately problem situation
Capacity to generate alternative solutions to a problem situation
Ability to generate step by step plan for problem resolution
Ability to understand one’s own motives and motives of others
4 Categories have 13 scoring criteria
TAT analysis of 12 stories based on impulse of TAT 15 uploaded earlier.Analysis of 1st two stories are based on Need Achievement and 3rd based on SCOR.Rest on general short analysis
There are no formal, normative standards for the TAT.
The simplest procedure for studying TAT responses is the inspection technique.
Most clinicians interpret the TAT stories informally; repetitive patterns or themes become apparent by reading through a subject's stories.
The following are the types of variables that that analyzer should look for in scoring and analyzing a testee's test.
According to Bruner, humans have two modes of thought:
1.The paradigmatic or logico-scientific Mode- attempts to fulfill the ideal of a formal, mathematical system of description and explanation
2.The narrative mode - leads to good stories, gripping drama, believable (though not necessarily "true") historical accounts.
These understanding will lead us to write a good TAT story
This another analysis of 12 stories written by a candidate continuously as in SSB in 4 minutes with 30 Seconds to view the picture.The candidate is topper of DPS Bhubneshwar and Head Boy for last 2 years
Murray (1943) describes the TAT as a “method of revealing to the trained interpreter some of the dominant drives, emotions, sentiments, complexes, and conflicts of personality. Special value resides in its power to expose underlying inhibited tendencies which the subject is not willing to admit, or cannot admit because he is unconscious of them”
The TAT was originally developed based on Murray’s concepts of personality.
At the core of his concepts was a focus on
How individuals interact with their environments?
How people are affected by external forces? and
How their unique sets of needs, attitudes, and values influence their reaction to the world around them.?
A situation is a set of fleeting(Lasting for very short time), dynamic, and momentary circumstances that do not lie within a person (i.e., they are neither own mental processes nor own behavior), but in their surroundings. Rauthmann, 2015
Or
Situation constitutes everything that is outside the person.
A person (Psychologically ) is made up of goals, motives, values, interests, skills, abilities, etc.,
Situations are everything else, including other people.
Every thought, feeling, desire, and behavior is embedded in a situation.
Three different kinds of situational information provide a lens to define situation :
Cues
Characteristics
Classes
This in series of uploads on analysis of Stories for TAT to enable candidates to analyze for themselves if they are on right tracks writing of story and its interpretation is very important both for PPDT and Psychological test itself
Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS) originally detailed by Westen (1995) and subsequently adopted as SCORS-G is another TAT interpretation tool being extensively utilized now.
Book( Decoding Services Selection Board -Career in armed forces as an officer)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Only book which gives theoretical detailed consideration on all technique
Acts as self help
Written by experienced professionals (Ex IO and Ex Psychologist)
Gives coverage to new SSB technique likely to be implemented in few months
Acts as Personality Development material for all up to middle management level
After having seen the definition of Situation and its relation with perception which in turn modulates or changes the situation,it is worthwhile to attempt to relate various parameters with situation given in SSB in all three discipline such as Psych, GTO and IO Technique.Itis of immense value to SSB aspirants
Benjamin Hardy got some Semiotic(relating to signs and symbols . "the gestures, images, and objects notated in his scripts share a semiotic importance equal to the spoken text”) "artwork" to portray some of the fascinating and often misunderstood science of motivation, confidence, and decision making.
Decoding TAT 3 & 4- McClelland ‘s need and Interpretation of card 1 based o...Col Mukteshwar Prasad
TAT tests in SSB consisting of 11 impulse and one blank is modification of original TAT to be suitable for mass testing to find suitability of a candidate for Armed Forces
Overall picture of a candidate profile is generated by assessing all 12 stories written and assess level of presence of 15 Officers’ Like qualities on a 10 point scale with highest as 1 and least at 10
Being human these 15 traits or qualities which must be present to various degree depending upon cleanness of personality of the candidate
Highest rating which a candidate has achieved is overall 5 with sprinkling from 5 to 8 in various OLQs
SSB test is a go and no go test in Engg Terms or Pass or fail and not to check personality disorder of all candidates
However report on possible failing in each qualities are noted and allowed to pass if in the opinion of Assessor he can improve after training with ample motivation and insight
Since it is an assessment for possible performance in future ,hence McClelland ‘s need of Achievement Motivation ,Affiliation and Power is vital.
If a candidate has to show these needs then he must act or project action through protagonist or Hero.
Achievement and relationship directly indicates Factor 1 and 2.If result is success the Factor 3 and 4 must necessarily be present
Ten Scale scoring guide can help an Assessor to be more accurate and realistic
GTO tasks which requires Practical Application are PGT(Progressive Group Task),HGT(Half Group Task),CT(Command Task) and FGT(Final Group Task)
These Tasks are leaderless (Except CT),Situational,Action oriented,Role playing,stressful and Simulated to job performance in service life
Group is expected to use ingenuity in bridging the gap using available resources of a Balli +Plank + Rope and carry a load
Technique of negotiating the tasks remain the same except in PGT (Combination of Four tasks) becomes progressively difficult as one moves from 1st task to 4th task, In HGT Group is divided in two groups so that those who could not perform well in larger Group may find easier to perform better. Besides HGT /CT and FGT consist of only one task. In CT a candidate is chosen as leader for the 1st time and has the freedom to choose two members to assist him
Tasks are basically combination of structures which in itself consists of parts
The function of defenses has been modified over the years, from a counter-force against instincts to the protection of self-esteem.
To understand the role of defenses in pathological and normal development, a coding method to use with Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) stories – the Defense Mechanism Manual (Cramer, 1991a) – has been developed
Three broad defenses – Denial, Projection, and Identification – may be coded with this method.
Research has shown that the two ego functions of defense and IQ are not correlated in childhood and adolescence, but are correlated in adulthood defenses and IQ.
Importantly, IQ serves as a moderator for the effect of defense use on variables such as
Psychiatric symptom change,
Level of Ego Development, and
Big Five personality traits
Situation-One or more circumstances, conditions, states, or entities in the environment that have the potential to exert causal influences on an individual's behavior.
What is a problem in psychology?
In the context of cognitive psychology, a problem is any situation in which we are trying to reach a goal and we must find a means to reach that goal.
In general, situational meaning refers to how a person appraises ongoing events (e.g. the immediate situation or one's life in general) in terms of personal relevance and the ability to cope, and to the options available for coping.
This set has been designed as a practice for all potential candidates aspiring to attend SSB and interview for coastal guards. All pictures have been timed as would happen in actual scenario during tests
This presentation analyses 12 stories written by three bright student i.e. total of 36 stories of Sainik School ,potential candidate to become commissioned Officers in Armed Forces.Each story has been marked /underlined for its goodness/ wrong interpretation.
The descriptions and discussion of Murray’s TAT card are divided into three sections:
1. Brief description of card.
2. Plots frequently encountered.
3. A general discussion of the significance and overall usefulness of the card.
The descriptions of each TAT card are from Handbook of Psychological Assessment by Groth et al
How people perceive the situations they engage in are important because
(a) Persons and situations are interdependent
(b)All stimuli both external (e.g., people present) and internal ones (e.g., current mood) are processed within a personality system and
(c)Studies have shown that perceptions are not monolithic entities:
They vary according to the person who perceives a stimulus,
The properties of the stimulus itself, and
The interactions between person and stimulus.
Rothman has developed novel componential approach to situation perception to disentangle
Perceiver (a perceiver’s tendency of seeing situations),
Situation (a situation’s tendency of being seen), and
Perceiver Situation variance (a perceiver’s unique view of a specific situation).
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Leaders are often faced with ethical conundrums(a confusing and difficult problem or question). So how can they determine when they’re inching toward dangerous territory? There are three main psychological dynamics that lead to crossing moral lines.
There’s omnipotence: when someone feels so aggrandized and entitled that they believe the rules of decent behavior don’t apply to them.
Consider cultural numbness: when others play along and gradually begin to accept and embody deviant norms.
Finally, when people don’t speak up because they are thinking of more immediate rewards, we see justified neglect.
A situation is a set of fleeting(Lasting for very short time), dynamic, and momentary circumstances that do not lie within a person (i.e., they are neither own mental processes nor own behavior), but in their surroundings. Rauthmann, 2015
Or
Situation constitutes everything that is outside the person.
A person (Psychologically ) is made up of goals, motives, values, interests, skills, abilities, etc.,
Situations are everything else, including other people.
Every thought, feeling, desire, and behavior is embedded in a situation.
Three different kinds of situational information provide a lens to define situation :
Cues
Characteristics
Classes
This in series of uploads on analysis of Stories for TAT to enable candidates to analyze for themselves if they are on right tracks writing of story and its interpretation is very important both for PPDT and Psychological test itself
Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS) originally detailed by Westen (1995) and subsequently adopted as SCORS-G is another TAT interpretation tool being extensively utilized now.
Book( Decoding Services Selection Board -Career in armed forces as an officer)Col Mukteshwar Prasad
Only book which gives theoretical detailed consideration on all technique
Acts as self help
Written by experienced professionals (Ex IO and Ex Psychologist)
Gives coverage to new SSB technique likely to be implemented in few months
Acts as Personality Development material for all up to middle management level
After having seen the definition of Situation and its relation with perception which in turn modulates or changes the situation,it is worthwhile to attempt to relate various parameters with situation given in SSB in all three discipline such as Psych, GTO and IO Technique.Itis of immense value to SSB aspirants
Benjamin Hardy got some Semiotic(relating to signs and symbols . "the gestures, images, and objects notated in his scripts share a semiotic importance equal to the spoken text”) "artwork" to portray some of the fascinating and often misunderstood science of motivation, confidence, and decision making.
Decoding TAT 3 & 4- McClelland ‘s need and Interpretation of card 1 based o...Col Mukteshwar Prasad
TAT tests in SSB consisting of 11 impulse and one blank is modification of original TAT to be suitable for mass testing to find suitability of a candidate for Armed Forces
Overall picture of a candidate profile is generated by assessing all 12 stories written and assess level of presence of 15 Officers’ Like qualities on a 10 point scale with highest as 1 and least at 10
Being human these 15 traits or qualities which must be present to various degree depending upon cleanness of personality of the candidate
Highest rating which a candidate has achieved is overall 5 with sprinkling from 5 to 8 in various OLQs
SSB test is a go and no go test in Engg Terms or Pass or fail and not to check personality disorder of all candidates
However report on possible failing in each qualities are noted and allowed to pass if in the opinion of Assessor he can improve after training with ample motivation and insight
Since it is an assessment for possible performance in future ,hence McClelland ‘s need of Achievement Motivation ,Affiliation and Power is vital.
If a candidate has to show these needs then he must act or project action through protagonist or Hero.
Achievement and relationship directly indicates Factor 1 and 2.If result is success the Factor 3 and 4 must necessarily be present
Ten Scale scoring guide can help an Assessor to be more accurate and realistic
GTO tasks which requires Practical Application are PGT(Progressive Group Task),HGT(Half Group Task),CT(Command Task) and FGT(Final Group Task)
These Tasks are leaderless (Except CT),Situational,Action oriented,Role playing,stressful and Simulated to job performance in service life
Group is expected to use ingenuity in bridging the gap using available resources of a Balli +Plank + Rope and carry a load
Technique of negotiating the tasks remain the same except in PGT (Combination of Four tasks) becomes progressively difficult as one moves from 1st task to 4th task, In HGT Group is divided in two groups so that those who could not perform well in larger Group may find easier to perform better. Besides HGT /CT and FGT consist of only one task. In CT a candidate is chosen as leader for the 1st time and has the freedom to choose two members to assist him
Tasks are basically combination of structures which in itself consists of parts
The function of defenses has been modified over the years, from a counter-force against instincts to the protection of self-esteem.
To understand the role of defenses in pathological and normal development, a coding method to use with Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) stories – the Defense Mechanism Manual (Cramer, 1991a) – has been developed
Three broad defenses – Denial, Projection, and Identification – may be coded with this method.
Research has shown that the two ego functions of defense and IQ are not correlated in childhood and adolescence, but are correlated in adulthood defenses and IQ.
Importantly, IQ serves as a moderator for the effect of defense use on variables such as
Psychiatric symptom change,
Level of Ego Development, and
Big Five personality traits
Situation-One or more circumstances, conditions, states, or entities in the environment that have the potential to exert causal influences on an individual's behavior.
What is a problem in psychology?
In the context of cognitive psychology, a problem is any situation in which we are trying to reach a goal and we must find a means to reach that goal.
In general, situational meaning refers to how a person appraises ongoing events (e.g. the immediate situation or one's life in general) in terms of personal relevance and the ability to cope, and to the options available for coping.
This set has been designed as a practice for all potential candidates aspiring to attend SSB and interview for coastal guards. All pictures have been timed as would happen in actual scenario during tests
This presentation analyses 12 stories written by three bright student i.e. total of 36 stories of Sainik School ,potential candidate to become commissioned Officers in Armed Forces.Each story has been marked /underlined for its goodness/ wrong interpretation.
The descriptions and discussion of Murray’s TAT card are divided into three sections:
1. Brief description of card.
2. Plots frequently encountered.
3. A general discussion of the significance and overall usefulness of the card.
The descriptions of each TAT card are from Handbook of Psychological Assessment by Groth et al
How people perceive the situations they engage in are important because
(a) Persons and situations are interdependent
(b)All stimuli both external (e.g., people present) and internal ones (e.g., current mood) are processed within a personality system and
(c)Studies have shown that perceptions are not monolithic entities:
They vary according to the person who perceives a stimulus,
The properties of the stimulus itself, and
The interactions between person and stimulus.
Rothman has developed novel componential approach to situation perception to disentangle
Perceiver (a perceiver’s tendency of seeing situations),
Situation (a situation’s tendency of being seen), and
Perceiver Situation variance (a perceiver’s unique view of a specific situation).
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Leaders are often faced with ethical conundrums(a confusing and difficult problem or question). So how can they determine when they’re inching toward dangerous territory? There are three main psychological dynamics that lead to crossing moral lines.
There’s omnipotence: when someone feels so aggrandized and entitled that they believe the rules of decent behavior don’t apply to them.
Consider cultural numbness: when others play along and gradually begin to accept and embody deviant norms.
Finally, when people don’t speak up because they are thinking of more immediate rewards, we see justified neglect.
Generally most people mean well, but simply execute their job poorly sometimes and sometimes, there are BAD bosses. We must learn “to Work "on Bad Boss
According to dictionary.com, “to work” something or someone is to put them into effective operation, to operate that thing or person for productive purposes.
Put your Bad Boss into effective operation to get whatever you want in your job or career by learning your boss’s secret desire and secret fear
Two biggest issues of Bad Boss are:
They can negatively impact our work performance.
They can make life miserable
We often hear “being difficult.” about Bad Boss. It’s hard to know exactly where the difficulty lie. All we know is it is difficult to work successfully with this person.
An incompetent person is someone who is
Functionally inadequate or
Insufficient in Knowledge, Skills, Judgment, or Strength
Mindset is a mental attitude that determines how we interpret and respond to situations.
Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays a significant role in determining achievement and success.
A mindset refers to whether you believe qualities such as intelligence and talent are fixed or changeable traits.
People with a fixed mindset believe that these qualities are inborn, fixed, and unchangeable.
Those with a growth mindset, on the other hand, believe that these abilities can be developed and strengthened by way of commitment and hard work.
Story of Katalin Karikó, a researcher who won the Nobel prize for medicine for her work on modifying the RNA molecule to avoid triggering a harmful immune response is a classical example of mindset.
Yet, her life was full of rejection and doubt.
Her achievement had much to do with her mindset.
A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed by evidence.
A theory presents a concept or idea that is testable.
In science, a theory is not merely a guess.
A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon.
In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Hence study of Psychology theory is essential for SSB and all types of Interviewas it helps us to understand our own developmental psychology.k
Personality theorists should study normal individuals
All behavior is interactive
The person must be studied in terms of interactions with their environment
The brain is the locus of personality
There is a biological basis to personality
Definition of Personality
1- Personality is an abstraction formulated by a theorist.
2- It refers to series of events that ideally span over life time from childhood to adulthood
3-It reflects novel, unique, recurrent and enduring patterns of behaviours – his education and training .
4- Personality is located in brain- imagination, perception
5.Personality comprises the person’s central organizing and governing processes, whose function is to
Resolve conflicts,
Satisfy needs, and
Plan for future goals.
” Emotions are complex psychological states involving three distinct components: a subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response”
"Discovering Psychology," by Don Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury
In 1972, psychologist Paul Ekman suggested that there are six basic emotions that are universal throughout human cultures: fear, disgust, anger, surprise, joy, and sadness.
In the 1980s, Robert Plutchik introduced another emotion classification system known as the wheel of emotions. This model demonstrated how different emotions can be combined or mixed together, much like the way an artist mixes primary colors to create other colors.
Plutchik proposed eight primary emotional dimensions: joy vs. sadness, anger vs. fear, trust vs. disgust, and surprise vs. anticipation.
These emotions can then be combined to create others, such as happiness + anticipation = excitement.
In 1999, Ekman expanded his list to include a number of other basic emotions, including embarrassment, excitement, contempt, shame, pride, satisfaction, and amusement
Anger is an intense emotion you feel when
Something has gone wrong or
Someone has wronged you.
It is typically characterized by feelings of
Stress,
Frustration, and
Irritation.
Anger is a perfectly normal response to frustrating or difficult situations.
Anger only becomes a problem when
It’s excessively displayed and
Begins to affect your daily functioning and the way you relate with people.
Anger can range in intensity, from a slight annoyance to rage.
It can sometimes be excessive or irrational.
In these cases, it can be hard to keep the emotion in check and could cause you to behave in ways you wouldn’t otherwise behave.
Cognitive distortions are
Negative or irrational patterns of thinking.
Simply ways that Impostor Syndrome convinces us to believe things that aren’t really true.
Inaccurate thought patterns that
Reinforce our negative self perception and
Keep us feeling bad about ourselves
These negative thought patterns can play a role in
Diminishing our motivation,
Lowering our self-esteem
Contributing to problems like
Anxiety,
Depression, and
Substance use.
Trauma Bonding is the attachment an abused person feels for their abuser, specifically in a relationship with a cyclical pattern of abuse.
Is created due to a cycle of abuse and positive reinforcement
After each circumstance of abuse, the abuser professes love, regret, and trying to make the relationship feel safe and needed for the abused person.
Hence Abused
Finds leaving an abusive situation confusing and overwhelming
Involves positive and/or loving feelings for an abuser
Also feel attached to and dependent on their abuser.
Emotional abuse involves controlling another person by using emotions to Criticize , Embarrass ,Shame ,Blame or
Manipulate .
To be abusive there must be a consistent pattern of abusive words and bullying behaviours that Wear down a person’s Self-esteem and Undermine Their mental health.
Most common in married relationships,
Mental or emotional abuse can occur in any relationship—including among
Friends
Family members and
Co-workers
Attachment-related patterns that differ between individuals are commonly called "attachment styles."
There seems to be an association between a person’s attachment characteristics early in life and in adulthood, but the correlations are far from perfect.
Many adults feel secure in their relationships and comfortable depending on others (echoing “secure” attachment in children).
Others tend to feel anxious about their connection with close others—or prefer to avoid getting close to them in the first place (echoing “insecure” attachment in children).
Borderline personality disorder, characterized by a longing for intimacy and a hypersensitivity to rejection, have shown a high prevalence and severity of insecure attachment.
Attachment styles in adulthood (similar to attachment patterns in children):
Secure
Anxious-preoccupied (high anxiety, low avoidance)
Dismissing-avoidant (low anxiety, high avoidance)
Fearful-avoidant (high anxiety, high avoidance)
Conduct disorder is an ongoing pattern of behaviour marked by emotional and behavioural problems.
Ways in which Children with conduct disorder behave are
Angry,
Aggressive,
Argumentative, and
Disruptive ways.
It is a diagnosable mental health condition that is characterized by patterns of violating
Societal norms and
Rights of others
It's estimated that around 3% of school-aged children have conduct disorder and require professional treatment .
It is more common in boys than in girls.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a psychiatric disorder that typically emerges in childhood, between ages 6 and 8, and can last throughout adulthood.
ODD is more than just normal childhood tantrums
Frequency and severity of ODD causes difficulty at home and at school.
Children with ODD also struggle with learning problems related to their behavior.
Two types of oppositional defiant disorder:
Childhood-onset ODD:
Present from an early age
Requires early intervention and treatment to prevent it from progressing into a more serious conduct disorder
Adolescent-onset ODD:
Begins suddenly in the middle- and high-school years, causing conflict at home and in school
There have been at least 13 different types of intelligence that have been identified so far.
These different ways of being smart can help people perform in different areas from their personal life, business, to sports and relationships.
Attachment is an emotional bond with another person. John Bowlby described attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings.“
Earliest bonds formed by children (with caregivers) have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life and Attachment so developed
Serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival.
Are innate drive Children are born with and is a product of evolutionary processes
Emerges and are regulated through the process of natural selection,
Are characterized by clear behavioural and motivation patterns.
Nurturance and responsiveness were the primary determinants of attachment.
Children who maintained proximity to an attachment figure were more likely to
Receive comfort and protection, and
More likely to survive to adulthood.
e-RUPI is a person and purpose-specific cashless e-voucher designed to guarantee
that the stored money value reaches its intended beneficiary and can only be used for
the specific benefit or purpose for which it was intended. The idea is to create a minimal
logistics, leak-proof delivery mechanism for a wide range of government Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT) programs across the country. The digital e-voucher platform can also
be used by organizations who wish to support welfare services through e-RUPI instead
of cash
The term ‘Moonlighting’ became popular in America when people started working a second job in addition to their regular 9-to-5 jobs. Since the rise of the work-from-home concept during the pandemic, employees got free time after work hours. While some took up their hobby in their free time, others started searching for part-time jobs. Especially in the IT industry, employees took up two jobs simultaneously and took advantage of the remote working model. This concept of working for two companies/organisations is referred to as moonlighting.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Decoding tat 11 the defense mechanism manual part 2 (projection)
1. Compiled by Col Mukteshwar Prasad(Retd),
Mtech(IITD),CE(I),FIE(I),FIETE,FISLE,FInstOD,AMCSI
Contact -9007224278, e-mail –
muktesh_prasad@yahoo.co.in
for book ”Decoding Services Selection Board” and SSB
guidance and training at Shivnandani Edu and Defence
Academy
Decoding TAT -11
Three Defenses and The Defense
Mechanism Manual –Part 1
(Projection)
2. Coding Category of TAT of 3 broad defenses – Denial, Projection, and
Identification
Denial PROJECTION: IDENTIFICATION:
1.Omission 1.Attribution of Aggressive or Hostile
Feeling, Emotions, or Intentions to a
Character, or Other Feelings,
Emotions, or Intentions that are
Normatively Unusual.
1.Emulation of
Skills
2.Misperception 2.Additions of Ominous People,
Ghosts, Animals, Objects or
Qualities.
2.Emulation of
Characteristics
3.Reversal 3. Magical or Circumstantial Thinking 3.Regulation of
Motives or Behavior
4.Statements of
Negation
4. Concern for Protection from
External Threat
4.Self-esteem
through Affiliation
5.Denial of Reality 5.Apprehensiveness of Death, Injury,
or Assault
5.Work: Delay of
Gratification
6.Overly Maximizing
Positive, Minimizing
Negative
6. Themes of Pursuit, Entrapment,
and Escape
6.Role
Differentiation
7.Unexpected
Goodness,
7.Bizarre or Very Unusual Story or
Theme
7.Moralism
3. PROJECTION: SUMMARY OF SCORING
CATEGORIES
(For Pictures refer
https://www.slideshare.net/ColMukteshwarP
rasad/decoding-tat-5-theme-elicited-from-
murrays-cards)
1. Attribution of Aggression or Hostile
Feelings, Emotions, or Intentions to a
character, or of any other feelings,
emotions or intentions that are normatively
unusual.
This category may be scored either
When such emotions are attributed by the
story-teller to a character in the story, or
When one character attributes them to
another character, but only if such
attribution is without sufficient reason.
4. TAT
No
1. Attribution of Aggression or Hostile Feelings, Emotions, or Intentions
to a character, or of any other feelings, emotions or intentions that are
normatively unusual.
References to a character’s face or eyes looking a certain way (e.g.,
anguished, puzzled, etc.) or to body “position” or “posture
Score Do Not Score
1 1.“ He is looking at it with contempt” (This is
also somewhat borderline but is scored here
because contempt includes hostility towards
the object of contempt);
2.“ He’s looking at it in a mad way
(unexplained);
“He’s contemplating suicide”;
3BM TAT 3BM or 3GF for simple
mention of sadness, upset or
depression, or crying, if reason
is given.
3GF Same as 3BM
4 “They are kissing” TAT 4 for woman pleading with
man.
Depression or thought of suicide
on
5. TAT
No
1. Attribution of Aggression or Hostile Feelings, Emotions, or Intentions to
a character, or of any other feelings, emotions or intentions that are
normatively unusual.
References to a character’s face or eyes looking a certain way (e.g.,
anguished, puzzled, etc.) or to body “position” or “posture
Score Do Not Score
13 TAT 13MF; if suicide is
actually carried out on
card other than TAT
13MF, score PRO(5).
17B
M
1.“(TAT17BM) He had to find his girl friend or they
would kill her (unexplained)”
2.TAT17BM) Maybe he’s angry (unexplained)”;
3.“(TAT17BM) “Probably that look on his face is a
signal of some kind”;
4.“(TAT17BM) His features become distorted and take
on the look of an animal as it hides from a hunter”;
5.“(TAT17BM) His look is that of frustration and great
emotion (scored once)”;
6.“(TAT17BM) He has a mean personality; he is a
murderer (scored twice)”;
7.“(TAT17BM) He was in the shower ...a fire... he feels
TAT 17BM for simple
mention of fright,
tenseness, or
tiredness.
6. TAT
No
1. Attribution of Aggression or Hostile Feelings, Emotions, or Intentions
to a character, or of any other feelings, emotions or intentions that are
normatively unusual.
References to a character’s face or eyes looking a certain way (e.g.,
anguished, puzzled, etc.) or to body “position” or “posture
Score Do Not Score
“He killed her because he hated her” (with
no explanation of the reason for his hatred)
[Score twice, once under PRO(5)];
“I think he dislikes me” (unexplained);
“His parents don’t care, even if he’s sick”
(This is a borderline case, but is scored
because it is implied that the parents,
through neglect, are mean to the child);
CAT
3
“(CAT3) This is a mean lion”
“(CAT3) The Lion growls too much”;
“(CAT3, mouse speaking) I think that lion is
thinking about getting after me”;
7. TAT No 2. Addition of Ominous People, Ghosts, Animals, Objects or
Qualities.
(a) This category is scored only if the details added to the
situation are of an ominous or potentially threatening nature.
Score
1 “(TAT1) That’s a dangerous toy”
3BM “(TAT 3BM) being in “jail”
10 “(TAT10) Mention of war, “going to war”.
15 (TAT15) “ghost”
CAT3/CAT5 “(CAT3) He got an axe and killed him”;
“(CAT3) They said if he wasn’t good they’d put him in front of
alligators”
“(CAT5) He was afraid to go to sleep because he heard scary
noises ... Then a robber came (score both for noises and for
robber) (score fear of sleep under PRO5);
8. TAT No 2. Addition of Ominous People, Ghosts, Animals,
Objects or Qualities.
(a) This category is scored only if the details added to
the situation are of an ominous or potentially
threatening nature.
Score
17BM 1.“(TAT17BM) There are warriors coming”;
2.“(TAT17BM) The guards are trying to get him (This
is a borderline case; do not score for mention of
guards alone; score only if the guards are clearly
threatening; if guards are pursuing, score under
PRO(6) only);”
3.“(TAT17BM) The soldiers throw spears (score only
once for the spears; the soldiers alone are not
necessarily ominous)”;
“fire”
4.TAT 17BM for mention of prison, dungeon, cave,
guards alone,prisoner, or pursuers (the latter is
scored under PRO(6).
9. TAT No 2. Addition of Ominous People, Ghosts,
Animals, Objects or Qualities.
(b) Score especially the addition of blood,
mention of serious and uncommon
illnesses, including mental illness, comas,
and nightmares.
Score
8BM “(TAT8BM) This guy got badly hit by
malaria;”
“(TAT8BM) He has these horrible
nightmares”.
12M “(TAT12M) He finds out that the boy is in a
coma”;
10. TAT No 2. Addition of Ominous People, Ghosts, Animals, Objects or Qualities.
(c) Also, score here references to people, animals or objects being
decrepit, falling apart, deteriorating or ‘shabby’
Score Do Not Score
1 1.“(TAT1) He’s sad because one of his
strings are broke;
2.“He found his violin all over the floor
all broken”;
3.“He grew up in a broken home”
Note: In TAT1, score for violin being
broken only if the implication is that
someone not in the picture (unknown or
disliked) breaks it, or if it was broken
before the story begins (i.e., was
‘inherently’ damaged).
If a friend or parent breaks it.
Note: If the same addition is
called two different things, score
only once
(e.g., “a bat or a black widow”;
“a thorn, not a hornet”)
8BM the addition of a bullet
5 Hearing a noise
12M “sick” or “really sick”
15 Grave
11. TAT No 2. Addition of Ominous People, Ghosts, Animals, Objects or Qualities.
(c) Also, score here references to people, animals or objects being
decrepit, falling apart, deteriorating or ‘shabby’
Score Do Not Score
17BM TAT 17BM, rope breaking
while climbing, unless prior
mention is made of the rope
being inadequate to support
weight.
“falling apart” if this is due to
some other event specified
in the story, such as an
explosion, fire, earthquake,
etc., which are themselves
scored.
CAT5 “(CAT5) This crib looks like it’s
going to fall over”;
“(CAT5) It must have been an old
crib that they sent away to a place
to get fixed up”
“(CAT5) The lamp looks like it’s all
cracked”;
12. TAT No 3. Magical, Autistic, or Circumstantial
Thinking
(a) Any use of magic or magical powers,
including hypnosis or other unusual powers
or control of one character over another;
this also includes animals banding together
to accomplish some herculean task.
Score
1.“He was thinking that he had a magic
bird that followed him and saved him’;
2.“The boy died and the parents got a dog,
and every night they could hear the boy
talking to him”;
3.“He was putting spells all over the man”;
4.“This hypnotist turned him into a little
13. TAT No 3. Magical, Autistic, or Circumstantial
Thinking
(b) Animism: attribution of human thoughts
or emotions to objects other than animals
and people (not applicable to the ‘teddy
bears’ of CAT5).
Score
“Canes talking”;
“Rifles feeling sorry”;
1 “(TAT1) The project has a problem”;
“(TAT1) An idiotic violin”;
17B “(TAT17BM) The rope tried to overpower
14. TAT No 3. Magical, Autistic, or Circumstantial Thinking
(c) Circumstantial reasoning that may have a
paranoid flavor; hyperalert search for flaws and
misleading cues (implies a mistrust of others);
efforts to find hidden or obscure meanings;
criticism of the way in which the pictures are
drawn (implied is that this makes the task more
difficult).
Score
17BM 1.“(TAT17BM)...A bobcat jumped at him. Because
this is out in the woods and the door was open”;
2.“(TAT17BM) It must have been a murder he
committed, because he isn’t carrying any
valuables or money”;
3.“There’s probably a trick to this”;
4.“Is the rope supposed to suggest a hanging?”.
15. TAT No 4. Concern for Protection Against External Threat
(a)Include here evidence for fear of external threat of
physical assault or injury and the need for protection against
that threat, as seen in the erection of walls (real or
imaginary), use of masks, disguises, shields, armor, locking
of doors or windows, or creation of other protective barriers.
Score
CAT3 “(CAT3) The mouse is really worried that the lion will
bring the cats in and they’ll chase the mice (This
overlaps with PRO6, but is scored here because the
emphasis is on the worry)”;
“The king kicks him out but he puts on a disguise and
gets back in again”;
16. TAT No 4. Concern for Protection Against External
Threat
(b) Also included here are references to suspiciousness, to people
or animals hiding or “lying in wait”, concern about being “taken by
surprise”, spying on others, keeping a lookout,anticipation of kidnap
that does not occur, or a feeling that “others are against you”(stated
explicitly)
Score
CAT5 1.“(CAT5) There’s a great big man who is under those covers”;
2.“(CAT5) The mother and the father are hiding in the bed;”
3.“(CAT5) There’s a crib and no one is there and they wouldn’t
know if anyone stealed them”;
TAT5 “(TAT5) “The mother sneaked downstairs and peeks in”
•Concern that someone is trying to pin a crime or other offense on
oneself;
•Blackmailing
17. TAT No 4. Concern for Protection Against
External Threat
(c) References to having seen something one shouldn’t have
seen,or having heard something one wasn’t supposed to hear, or
that will get one into trouble, and the necessity for hiding this;
hiding incriminating evidence; protective hiding of oneself or one’s
property; fear of being seen.
Score
17BM “(TAT17BM) He was captured because he knew too much
about something, possibly murder (score once for captured
[PRO6], and once for knowing)”;
“(TAT17BM) He’s breaking out of prison ... he’s looking around
to see if anyone sees him (score once for escape [PRO6] and
once for fear of being seen)”.
18. TAT No 4. Concern for Protection Against
External Threat
(d) Responses indicating a defensive need for self-justification on
the part of the story-teller (i.e., not in response to a question from
the examiner).
Score
8BM “(TAT8BM) I say it is a gun because it looks like one we had at
home”;
“Although this is just a first reaction, he looks like he is
escaping”.
19. TAT No 5. Apprehensiveness of Death, Injury, or Assault(This is an
overlapping category with PRO(4))
(a) The difference is that in PRO(5) the death, physical attack or injury
actually occurs or has occurred, whereas in PRO(4) the emphasis on the
need for protection against threat. Unexplained or unjustified punishment is
scored here, as is completed suicide.
Score Do Not Score
“(CAT10) The doggie got run over”;“It looks like his father
has just died”;“(CAT5) Once there was a baby, and he
had no mommy. His mommy died”;“He fell off and broke
his leg”;“His son died”;“He shoots himself”;
“He looks like he just had a fight before”;
“He poisoned all the bloodhounds”;
“He murdered her”;
“He gets eaten by the alligators”;
“He got slapped around”.
“His pet dog (cat, horse, etc.) was injured (died)”
The following are borderline cases but are scored here
because injury is suggested as resulting from the fall.
(Do not score a “fall” by itself.)
“The man’s going to fall. On his head”;
“The rope is going to fall.. It ends with his body down on
20. TAT
No
5. Apprehensiveness of Death, Injury, or Assault(This is an overlapping
category with PRO(4))
(b) Score here also fear of going to sleep.
Score Do Not Score
“At night he was
afraid to go to
sleep”.
If character is
described as dead,
and in addition the
cause of death
(e.g,being stabbed,
shot) is described,
score once for
death and again
for means of
assault. If both the
assault (e.g., being
stabbed, shot) and
the presence of the
weapon (knife,
gun) are
described, score
justified punishment by authority or parents. Score under
Identification(3).
if hero aggresses against someone else for justified self-
protection or for vindication.
CAT 3 if the conflict is between the lion and the mouse.
“death” on TAT 15; do score if a particular person has died
–e.g., son, father.
TAT 8BM, or 13MF if the assaulted character was shot or
otherwise hurt by any character in the picture; also, do not
score if the attack against a non-present character is in
retaliation for some previous physical attack by that
character.
illness, injury or death of the prone figure on TAT 12M
unless the standing character is about to or has physically
attacked the prone character. This limitation does not apply
to the standing character.
“spanking’ on CAT 10.
“suicide” on TAT 13MF.
TAT 8BM if prone character shot himself.
21. TAT No 6. Themes of Pursuit, Entrapment, and
Escape
(a) Included here are themes involving one character pursuing
another; also score any mention of one character trapping
another,kidnap or unjustified being put in jail or prison which
actually occurs.
Score
“(CAT10) The dogs are going to chase the kitty; and the kitty is
chasing the mousey’;
“(CAT5) The little bears are going to be tooken”;
“He’s escaping; he’s running, the police are chasing him”(score
twice)
“He gets trapped in the cave and can’t get out”;
“TAT3GF) Being held for ransom”
22. TAT No 6. Themes of Pursuit, Entrapment, and Escape
b) Also included are themes of escape. The escape must be from a
physical imprisonment or physical danger, or threat thereof (i.e., not
symbolic). “Running away” when there is no pursuer is scored only if it is
due to anticipation of pain or punishment, where the anticipation is not
justified by the story.
Score
“(TAT17BM) He escaped from the tower and left the country”;
“(TAT17BM) There was a fire and he’s escaping out the window (score
twice, once for escape and once for fire [PRO2]”;
Note: The category may be scored twice: once for pursuit-entrapment, once
for escape.
Note: If “being put in jail” is accompanied by a sense of righteousness or
moral justification—i.e., if the story-teller is identifying with the authority
who puts the character in jail, or if jail is the justified outcome of criminal
activity, score under Identification(7).
“Being put in jail”, “convicted of a crime” is scored under PRO only when
the character has not committed a crime, but is put there because of the
jealousy, fear, or whim of someone else—i.e., only when the incarceration
is not (legally) justified. Political and war imprisonment are scored under
PRO(6).
Note: If the character is already in jail or prison at the beginning of the
story,
23. TAT No 6. Themes of Pursuit, Entrapment, and Escape
b) Also included are themes of escape. The escape must be from a
physical imprisonment or physical danger, or threat thereof (i.e., not
symbolic). “Running away” when there is no pursuer is scored only
if it is due to anticipation of pain or punishment, where the
anticipation is not justified by the story.
Do Not Score
trapping unless one character traps another (e.g., do not score
being trapped in a well, unless one character put another there).
escape if character is being rescued (by hero), where the emphasis
is on the rescue rather than on the escape.
escape if it is only mentioned at the end of the story, or after the
examiner’s inquiry, unless the need for escape has been implied
throughout.
escape, when the hero is escaping from “society” or “the world”
around him [score this under Identification(3)]
running away from home; this may qualify for scoring under
Identification(3).
CAT3 if the conflict is between the lion and the mouse. If the mouse
is injured, score under PRO(5).
24. TAT No 7. Bizarre or Very Unusual Story or Theme
This category depends heavily on the subjective judgment of
the scorer, who must determine the limits of bizarreness.
(a) Negative themes that occur very rarely, especially if they have a
peculiar twist.
Score
“(TAT8BM) He goes outside and get glass in his heel and the
doctor pulls and puts pins in...’;
“(CAT3) He’s going to eat the whole house because no one’s
there”;
“(TAT1) This is a saw ...he sawed his desk in half”.
(
25. TAT No 7. Bizarre or Very Unusual Story or Theme
This category depends heavily on the subjective judgment of
the scorer, who must determine the limits of bizarreness.
(b) Also included here are instances of unusual punishment,
including unusual self-punishment.
Score
“(TAT8BM) He’s thinking what’s going to happen to him when he’s
really old, and like he’s done something bad, and he’s going to get
zapped (chuckle)”;
“(CAT3) He ate a big piece of wood and got all bloated and blew up
(This would also be scored under PRO7a)”;
“(TAT17BM) He is tortured”.
Do not score as unusual punishment spanking alone, unless it
continues for a very long time.