1) The document discusses prosthetic management considerations for edentulous patients who have undergone radiation therapy for oral cancer.
2) It notes that with proper precautions, most irradiated patients can safely wear complete dentures with little risk of osteoradionecrosis. Existing dentures may be reinserted after healing from mucositis in many experienced denture wearers.
3) Factors like dose delivered to denture bearing surfaces, bone contours, mucosa quality, and patient coordination impact denture wear risk and must be considered during examination and treatment planning.
This document discusses relining and rebasing procedures for complete dentures. It defines relining as adding material to the denture base to improve fit, while rebasing involves replacing the entire denture base. Relining is indicated when dentures lose adaptation due to ridge resorption. Closed mouth techniques take impressions with the teeth in occlusion, while open mouth techniques record a new bite relationship. Impression materials and lab procedures are also outlined. The goal of relining is to prolong the useful life of dentures by improving fit as the ridges change.
The document describes the altered cast technique, which is a modification of the functional impression technique used in removable partial dentures. It involves making a functional impression to capture the displaced shape of the residual ridge under load. The edentulous area is then cut out from the original master cast. The framework and functional impression are seated on the modified master cast. Stone is poured into the impression to create an altered, or corrected, cast reflecting the displaced ridge shape under load. This ensures uniform support of the denture base in the functional form of the residual ridge.
1. A tooth supported overdenture is a removable partial or complete denture that covers and receives support from one or more remaining natural teeth or dental implants.
2. It provides advantages like ridge preservation, improved retention, stability and support compared to conventional complete dentures.
3. Tooth supported overdentures can be classified based on the type of abutment preparation (coping vs non-coping) and the timing of placement (immediate, interim or definitive).
Basic principles of removable partial denture design copyAbbasi Begum
The document discusses several key factors in designing removable partial dentures (RPDs) to minimize stress on abutment teeth, including:
1) Understanding biomechanics and the types of movements that occur in RPDs.
2) Factors like edentulous span length, ridge support, clasp design, and occlusal harmony influence the amount of stress transmitted.
3) Design considerations like indirect retainers, auxiliary rests, major/minor connectors, and extending the denture base help distribute forces and reduce stress.
Proper planning and following biomechanical principles leads to successful RPD designs.
Occlusal equilibration is a procedure to precisely alter the occlusal surfaces of teeth to improve the contact pattern. It involves selectively grinding tooth structures that interfere with terminal hinge axis closure, lateral excursion, and protrusive movement. Common tools used include paste, spray or paint to identify contact points requiring adjustment. The basic rules of selective grinding include narrowing cusp tips before reshaping fossae, and adjusting the inclines of upper and lower teeth in opposing directions depending on the path of slide. Occlusal errors in complete dentures can be caused by incorrect registration of the retruded contact position or irregularities during setting and processing of the teeth.
Temporary removable partial dentures are used for a limited period of time until a more definitive prosthesis can be provided. They serve several objectives like reestablishing esthetics, maintaining space, improving patient tolerance, and conditioning tissues. Some common types of temporary RPDs include interim, transitional, treatment, and immediate RPDs. Acrylic partial dentures are lightweight alternatives to metal partial dentures that are less expensive and easier to construct but also weaker and less hygienic. Their design incorporates acrylic resin, acrylic teeth, and wire clasps.
The document summarizes the key aspects of MOD onlay preparations including:
- MOD onlays provide cuspal protection and distribute occlusal forces over a wide area.
- Preparations involve capping functional cusps and shoeing non-functional cusps.
- Walls, occlusal bevels, tables, and counterbevels are prepared on capped surfaces. Shoe and occlusal bevel are prepared on shoed surfaces.
- Proximal portions are similar to inlay preparations with primary and secondary flares.
- Preparations are modified for different alloy types and Class IV/V materials.
The document discusses recent advances in prosthodontics presented by Dr. J. Koshy Joseph. It covers various topics including complete dentures, fixed partial dentures, removable partial dentures, maxillofacial prosthetics, implantology, materials and instrumentation. New techniques and materials discussed include the use of lasers in denture fabrication, CAD/CAM systems for complete dentures, magnets and denture liners in prosthodontics, and all-on implants. The document provides an overview of the latest developments across different areas of prosthodontics.
This document discusses relining and rebasing procedures for complete dentures. It defines relining as adding material to the denture base to improve fit, while rebasing involves replacing the entire denture base. Relining is indicated when dentures lose adaptation due to ridge resorption. Closed mouth techniques take impressions with the teeth in occlusion, while open mouth techniques record a new bite relationship. Impression materials and lab procedures are also outlined. The goal of relining is to prolong the useful life of dentures by improving fit as the ridges change.
The document describes the altered cast technique, which is a modification of the functional impression technique used in removable partial dentures. It involves making a functional impression to capture the displaced shape of the residual ridge under load. The edentulous area is then cut out from the original master cast. The framework and functional impression are seated on the modified master cast. Stone is poured into the impression to create an altered, or corrected, cast reflecting the displaced ridge shape under load. This ensures uniform support of the denture base in the functional form of the residual ridge.
1. A tooth supported overdenture is a removable partial or complete denture that covers and receives support from one or more remaining natural teeth or dental implants.
2. It provides advantages like ridge preservation, improved retention, stability and support compared to conventional complete dentures.
3. Tooth supported overdentures can be classified based on the type of abutment preparation (coping vs non-coping) and the timing of placement (immediate, interim or definitive).
Basic principles of removable partial denture design copyAbbasi Begum
The document discusses several key factors in designing removable partial dentures (RPDs) to minimize stress on abutment teeth, including:
1) Understanding biomechanics and the types of movements that occur in RPDs.
2) Factors like edentulous span length, ridge support, clasp design, and occlusal harmony influence the amount of stress transmitted.
3) Design considerations like indirect retainers, auxiliary rests, major/minor connectors, and extending the denture base help distribute forces and reduce stress.
Proper planning and following biomechanical principles leads to successful RPD designs.
Occlusal equilibration is a procedure to precisely alter the occlusal surfaces of teeth to improve the contact pattern. It involves selectively grinding tooth structures that interfere with terminal hinge axis closure, lateral excursion, and protrusive movement. Common tools used include paste, spray or paint to identify contact points requiring adjustment. The basic rules of selective grinding include narrowing cusp tips before reshaping fossae, and adjusting the inclines of upper and lower teeth in opposing directions depending on the path of slide. Occlusal errors in complete dentures can be caused by incorrect registration of the retruded contact position or irregularities during setting and processing of the teeth.
Temporary removable partial dentures are used for a limited period of time until a more definitive prosthesis can be provided. They serve several objectives like reestablishing esthetics, maintaining space, improving patient tolerance, and conditioning tissues. Some common types of temporary RPDs include interim, transitional, treatment, and immediate RPDs. Acrylic partial dentures are lightweight alternatives to metal partial dentures that are less expensive and easier to construct but also weaker and less hygienic. Their design incorporates acrylic resin, acrylic teeth, and wire clasps.
The document summarizes the key aspects of MOD onlay preparations including:
- MOD onlays provide cuspal protection and distribute occlusal forces over a wide area.
- Preparations involve capping functional cusps and shoeing non-functional cusps.
- Walls, occlusal bevels, tables, and counterbevels are prepared on capped surfaces. Shoe and occlusal bevel are prepared on shoed surfaces.
- Proximal portions are similar to inlay preparations with primary and secondary flares.
- Preparations are modified for different alloy types and Class IV/V materials.
The document discusses recent advances in prosthodontics presented by Dr. J. Koshy Joseph. It covers various topics including complete dentures, fixed partial dentures, removable partial dentures, maxillofacial prosthetics, implantology, materials and instrumentation. New techniques and materials discussed include the use of lasers in denture fabrication, CAD/CAM systems for complete dentures, magnets and denture liners in prosthodontics, and all-on implants. The document provides an overview of the latest developments across different areas of prosthodontics.
Restoration of endodontically treated teethNivedha Tina
This document discusses various methods for restoring endodontically treated teeth. It covers the history of restoring pulpless teeth dating back to 1747. Key factors in selecting a restorative approach include the amount of residual root and crown structure remaining as well as the tooth's function and position. Methods discussed include direct composite restorations, indirect restorations, fiber posts, cast posts, and full crowns. The document also addresses the vulnerability of root filled teeth to fracture and emphasizes the importance of preserving tooth structure.
This document discusses preparations for partial veneer crowns. It covers indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and preparations for both posterior and anterior teeth. For posterior teeth, it describes preparations for maxillary premolar and molar three-quarter and seven-eighth crowns, as well as mandibular premolar modified three-quarter crowns. For anterior teeth, it discusses maxillary canine three-quarter crowns and pinledge preparations for maxillary central incisors. The goal of partial veneer crowns is to preserve tooth structure while providing retention, resistance, and rigidity. Proper preparation design and metal coverage are important for successful partial crowns.
The document discusses immediate dentures, which are dentures fabricated and inserted immediately following tooth extraction. It describes the different types of immediate dentures, including conventional/classic immediate dentures, interim immediate dentures, labial flange dentures, partial flange dentures, and flangeless/socketed dentures. The advantages of immediate dentures include maintaining a patient's appearance without teeth, providing a bandage effect to extraction sites, and allowing easier adaptation to dentures during healing. However, immediate dentures also present challenges like reduced retention from undercuts caused by remaining posterior teeth.
An occlusal splint is a removable dental appliance that covers the biting surfaces of the teeth in one dental arch. There are several types of occlusal splints classified based on their design and intended use. The main types include permissive splints, non-permissive splints, and anterior repositioning splints. Occlusal splints are used to treat temporomandibular joint disorders by relaxing the jaw muscles, supporting the jaw in an optimal position, and reducing forces on the teeth and jaw joints.
This document discusses the importance of recording jaw relations when fabricating removable partial dentures (RPDs). There are several methods for recording jaw relations, including direct apposition of casts, interocclusal records with posterior teeth remaining, and using occlusion rims. Centric relation should be recorded for distal extension RPDs or when the opposing arch is edentulous, while centric occlusion is preferred when natural teeth can guide the mandible. Proper jaw relation and occlusion are necessary to distribute forces optimally and prevent damage to teeth or bone.
This document provides an overview of implant supported overdentures, including definitions, history, indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, treatment options, and procedures. Key points discussed include:
- Overdentures are removable prostheses that cover natural tooth roots, implants, or both for support.
- Implant supported overdentures have better outcomes than conventional dentures or overdentures supported only by natural tooth roots.
- Treatment options depend on factors like jaw, bone quality, number of implants, and can involve bar-retained or independent attachments.
- Procedures involve medical evaluation, treatment planning, transitional dentures, surgical placement, attachment connection, and definitive prosthesis fabrication
Different gingival finish lines (margins) of crowns and bridgesSana Mateen Munshi
The document discusses various considerations for margin placement in tooth preparations, including biological, mechanical, and aesthetic factors. It describes advantages and disadvantages of different margin types such as supragingival and subgingival margins. Common margin designs like shoulder, bevel, and chamfer margins are explained. Guidelines are provided for reducing tooth structure during preparation in a systematic manner.
This document discusses the components and design of an I-bar removable partial denture (RPD). It begins by defining RPI, which stands for rest, plate, and I-bar clasp. It then describes the key components of an I-bar RPD including mesial rests, proximal plates, and a modified I-bar retainer called the RPI system developed by Krol. The RPI system aims to reduce tooth coverage and stress compared to a standard I-bar by modifying the rest, plate, and I-bar clasp design.
Fixed partial dentures transmit forces through the abutments to the periodontium. Failures are due to poor engineering, the use of improper materials, inadequate tooth preparation, and faulty fabrication. Of particular concern to prosthodontist is the selection of teeth for abutments. They must recognize the forces developed by the oral mechanism, and resistance.
Successful selection of abutments for fixed partial dentures requires sensitive diagnostic ability. Thorough knowledge of anatomy, ceramics, the chemistry and physics of dental materials, metallurgy, Periodontics, phonetics, physiology, radiology and the mechanics of oral function is fundamental.
This document discusses occlusion in removable partial dentures. It outlines several types of occlusion including static and dynamic occlusion. Desirable occlusal contacts are bilateral contacts of posterior teeth in centric occlusion. Methods for establishing occlusion include direct apposition of casts if enough teeth remain, interocclusal records with posterior teeth, or using occlusal rims. The functionally generated path method can also be used to develop a dynamic occlusion record without an articulator. Proper occlusion is important for the success, comfort and longevity of removable partial dentures.
The document discusses various concepts of occlusion for fixed partial dentures, including bilaterally balanced occlusion, unilaterally balanced occlusion, and mutually protected occlusion. Bilaterally balanced occlusion aims for simultaneous contact on both sides but is difficult to achieve, while unilaterally balanced occlusion distributes forces to multiple teeth on the working side only. Mutually protected occlusion relies on anterior guidance to prevent posterior contact during excursive movements. The concepts vary in their distribution of forces and indications depending on a patient's needs.
Major connectors are the parts of a partial denture that join components on one side of the dental arch to the other. They distribute forces throughout the arch to reduce load on individual teeth and tissues. Mandibular major connectors include lingual bars, linguoplates, and sublingual bars. Maxillary connectors include palatal straps and plates. Properly designed rigid major connectors effectively distribute forces while controlling prosthesis movement.
- An inlay is a restoration constructed externally and then cemented into a prepared tooth cavity. An onlay covers one or more cusps and adjoining occlusal surface.
- Indirect restorations like inlays and onlays are used for large restorations, endodontically treated teeth at risk of fracture, and dental rehabilitation with cast metals. They allow for better control of contours compared to direct restorations.
- Disadvantages include requiring more appointments, higher chair time, need for temporary restorations, higher costs, and being more technique sensitive.
1. Classification of jaw relations establishes orientation, vertical, and horizontal relations between the jaws. Orientation defines cranial references, vertical defines jaw separation, and horizontal defines front-back and side-to-side jaw positions.
2. Centric relation is a repeatable reference position important for recording jaw relations and developing occlusion. It is the starting point for mandibular movements and where opposing teeth contact without proprioceptive guidance.
3. Methods for recording centric relation include interocclusal records, graphic tracings, and functional methods to position the mandible at the correct vertical dimension. The record must be made with equal pressure and avoid distortion until casts are mounted.
One of the objectives in complete denture prosthetics is to produce a harmonious appearance of the denture when in the patient’s mouth.
A denture usually perceived as esthetics when the teeth and bases are in harmony with the facial musculature as well as the size & shape of the head.
The selection of artificial teeth & their arrangement to meet esthetic requirements demand artistic skill in addition to scientific knowledge.
This document discusses procedures for repairing different types of fractures in complete dentures. It describes common types of denture fractures like midline fractures and fractures involving individual teeth. The most common fracture is in the midline of the maxillary denture due to pressure from ridge resorption. The repair process involves reassembling pieces, making a plaster index, beveling edges, and adding acrylic resin to fuse the pieces back together. Tooth replacements and repairs to flanges or posterior palatal seals follow similar steps of indexing the area and adding acrylic. Finishing involves trimming, polishing, and ensuring proper fit.
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
The document discusses the effects of radiation therapy on osseointegration and implant success. It describes how radiation can damage bone tissue by reducing vasculature, killing osteoblasts and osteocytes. This compromises implant anchorage, remodeling, and the body's response to infection or forces. Animal studies show reduced success rates with higher radiation doses. The risks and benefits of implant placement in irradiated sites are evaluated based on the location, radiation dose/method, and functional goals for the patient.
Restoration of endodontically treated teethNivedha Tina
This document discusses various methods for restoring endodontically treated teeth. It covers the history of restoring pulpless teeth dating back to 1747. Key factors in selecting a restorative approach include the amount of residual root and crown structure remaining as well as the tooth's function and position. Methods discussed include direct composite restorations, indirect restorations, fiber posts, cast posts, and full crowns. The document also addresses the vulnerability of root filled teeth to fracture and emphasizes the importance of preserving tooth structure.
This document discusses preparations for partial veneer crowns. It covers indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and preparations for both posterior and anterior teeth. For posterior teeth, it describes preparations for maxillary premolar and molar three-quarter and seven-eighth crowns, as well as mandibular premolar modified three-quarter crowns. For anterior teeth, it discusses maxillary canine three-quarter crowns and pinledge preparations for maxillary central incisors. The goal of partial veneer crowns is to preserve tooth structure while providing retention, resistance, and rigidity. Proper preparation design and metal coverage are important for successful partial crowns.
The document discusses immediate dentures, which are dentures fabricated and inserted immediately following tooth extraction. It describes the different types of immediate dentures, including conventional/classic immediate dentures, interim immediate dentures, labial flange dentures, partial flange dentures, and flangeless/socketed dentures. The advantages of immediate dentures include maintaining a patient's appearance without teeth, providing a bandage effect to extraction sites, and allowing easier adaptation to dentures during healing. However, immediate dentures also present challenges like reduced retention from undercuts caused by remaining posterior teeth.
An occlusal splint is a removable dental appliance that covers the biting surfaces of the teeth in one dental arch. There are several types of occlusal splints classified based on their design and intended use. The main types include permissive splints, non-permissive splints, and anterior repositioning splints. Occlusal splints are used to treat temporomandibular joint disorders by relaxing the jaw muscles, supporting the jaw in an optimal position, and reducing forces on the teeth and jaw joints.
This document discusses the importance of recording jaw relations when fabricating removable partial dentures (RPDs). There are several methods for recording jaw relations, including direct apposition of casts, interocclusal records with posterior teeth remaining, and using occlusion rims. Centric relation should be recorded for distal extension RPDs or when the opposing arch is edentulous, while centric occlusion is preferred when natural teeth can guide the mandible. Proper jaw relation and occlusion are necessary to distribute forces optimally and prevent damage to teeth or bone.
This document provides an overview of implant supported overdentures, including definitions, history, indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, treatment options, and procedures. Key points discussed include:
- Overdentures are removable prostheses that cover natural tooth roots, implants, or both for support.
- Implant supported overdentures have better outcomes than conventional dentures or overdentures supported only by natural tooth roots.
- Treatment options depend on factors like jaw, bone quality, number of implants, and can involve bar-retained or independent attachments.
- Procedures involve medical evaluation, treatment planning, transitional dentures, surgical placement, attachment connection, and definitive prosthesis fabrication
Different gingival finish lines (margins) of crowns and bridgesSana Mateen Munshi
The document discusses various considerations for margin placement in tooth preparations, including biological, mechanical, and aesthetic factors. It describes advantages and disadvantages of different margin types such as supragingival and subgingival margins. Common margin designs like shoulder, bevel, and chamfer margins are explained. Guidelines are provided for reducing tooth structure during preparation in a systematic manner.
This document discusses the components and design of an I-bar removable partial denture (RPD). It begins by defining RPI, which stands for rest, plate, and I-bar clasp. It then describes the key components of an I-bar RPD including mesial rests, proximal plates, and a modified I-bar retainer called the RPI system developed by Krol. The RPI system aims to reduce tooth coverage and stress compared to a standard I-bar by modifying the rest, plate, and I-bar clasp design.
Fixed partial dentures transmit forces through the abutments to the periodontium. Failures are due to poor engineering, the use of improper materials, inadequate tooth preparation, and faulty fabrication. Of particular concern to prosthodontist is the selection of teeth for abutments. They must recognize the forces developed by the oral mechanism, and resistance.
Successful selection of abutments for fixed partial dentures requires sensitive diagnostic ability. Thorough knowledge of anatomy, ceramics, the chemistry and physics of dental materials, metallurgy, Periodontics, phonetics, physiology, radiology and the mechanics of oral function is fundamental.
This document discusses occlusion in removable partial dentures. It outlines several types of occlusion including static and dynamic occlusion. Desirable occlusal contacts are bilateral contacts of posterior teeth in centric occlusion. Methods for establishing occlusion include direct apposition of casts if enough teeth remain, interocclusal records with posterior teeth, or using occlusal rims. The functionally generated path method can also be used to develop a dynamic occlusion record without an articulator. Proper occlusion is important for the success, comfort and longevity of removable partial dentures.
The document discusses various concepts of occlusion for fixed partial dentures, including bilaterally balanced occlusion, unilaterally balanced occlusion, and mutually protected occlusion. Bilaterally balanced occlusion aims for simultaneous contact on both sides but is difficult to achieve, while unilaterally balanced occlusion distributes forces to multiple teeth on the working side only. Mutually protected occlusion relies on anterior guidance to prevent posterior contact during excursive movements. The concepts vary in their distribution of forces and indications depending on a patient's needs.
Major connectors are the parts of a partial denture that join components on one side of the dental arch to the other. They distribute forces throughout the arch to reduce load on individual teeth and tissues. Mandibular major connectors include lingual bars, linguoplates, and sublingual bars. Maxillary connectors include palatal straps and plates. Properly designed rigid major connectors effectively distribute forces while controlling prosthesis movement.
- An inlay is a restoration constructed externally and then cemented into a prepared tooth cavity. An onlay covers one or more cusps and adjoining occlusal surface.
- Indirect restorations like inlays and onlays are used for large restorations, endodontically treated teeth at risk of fracture, and dental rehabilitation with cast metals. They allow for better control of contours compared to direct restorations.
- Disadvantages include requiring more appointments, higher chair time, need for temporary restorations, higher costs, and being more technique sensitive.
1. Classification of jaw relations establishes orientation, vertical, and horizontal relations between the jaws. Orientation defines cranial references, vertical defines jaw separation, and horizontal defines front-back and side-to-side jaw positions.
2. Centric relation is a repeatable reference position important for recording jaw relations and developing occlusion. It is the starting point for mandibular movements and where opposing teeth contact without proprioceptive guidance.
3. Methods for recording centric relation include interocclusal records, graphic tracings, and functional methods to position the mandible at the correct vertical dimension. The record must be made with equal pressure and avoid distortion until casts are mounted.
One of the objectives in complete denture prosthetics is to produce a harmonious appearance of the denture when in the patient’s mouth.
A denture usually perceived as esthetics when the teeth and bases are in harmony with the facial musculature as well as the size & shape of the head.
The selection of artificial teeth & their arrangement to meet esthetic requirements demand artistic skill in addition to scientific knowledge.
This document discusses procedures for repairing different types of fractures in complete dentures. It describes common types of denture fractures like midline fractures and fractures involving individual teeth. The most common fracture is in the midline of the maxillary denture due to pressure from ridge resorption. The repair process involves reassembling pieces, making a plaster index, beveling edges, and adding acrylic resin to fuse the pieces back together. Tooth replacements and repairs to flanges or posterior palatal seals follow similar steps of indexing the area and adding acrylic. Finishing involves trimming, polishing, and ensuring proper fit.
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
The document discusses the effects of radiation therapy on osseointegration and implant success. It describes how radiation can damage bone tissue by reducing vasculature, killing osteoblasts and osteocytes. This compromises implant anchorage, remodeling, and the body's response to infection or forces. Animal studies show reduced success rates with higher radiation doses. The risks and benefits of implant placement in irradiated sites are evaluated based on the location, radiation dose/method, and functional goals for the patient.
This document discusses prosthodontic procedures and complications in posterior quadrants. It covers topics such as exam and workup, selection of implants, platform switching, abutment selection, provisional restorations, and new technologies like shape memory sleeve abutments. Key points addressed include that no implant design has been proven superior for marginal bone loss, and custom abutments offer better control of margins and occlusal thickness than prefabricated abutments. New technologies aim to simplify procedures and improve retrievability of restorations.
"Management of the Patient Irradiated for Head and Neck Cancer"Jansen Calibo
"Management of the Patient Irradiated for Head and Neck Cancer"
A.Effects of Radiation or Chemotherapeutic Drug
B. Prevention & Management of the Effects of Radiation & Chemotherapy
C.The Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
D.The Use of Lasers & Cryosurgery in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
The document provides instructions for the denture insertion appointment, including:
1) Adjusting the denture base using pressure indicating paste to eliminate pressure points and ensure proper adaptation.
2) Adjusting the denture borders using disclosing wax to eliminate overextended areas.
3) Remounting the dentures on the articulator using centric relation and protrusive records to correct the occlusion.
4) Educating the patient on the limitations, expected tissue response, care of the prostheses, and follow-up treatment.
This document summarizes key steps in making impressions and physiologically adjusting removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks. It discusses using stock and custom trays for impressions, materials like alginate, rubber base and silicone, and altered cast techniques. Proper framework adjustment is outlined to allow free rotation around abutment teeth. Impression care like boxing and multiple pours is also covered.
This document discusses impressions and physiologic adjustment of removable partial denture frameworks. It covers topics such as impression materials like alginate, rubber base and silicones. It describes taking impressions with stock trays and custom trays, as well as altered cast impressions. It provides details on caring for impressions, making casts, inspecting RPD castings and physiologic adjustment of frameworks.
Development & growth of salivary glands /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document summarizes the steps involved in preparing dentures for delivery including finishing, polishing, and removing the dentures from the master casts. It also describes fabricating remount casts from impressions of the dentures which will be used to mount the clinical remount record on the articulator and preserve the original jaw relationship. The key steps are finishing and polishing the dentures, using various tools to remove plaster from the dentures, and creating remount casts that will be used to accurately position the dentures during clinical adjustments.
The document discusses the process of the insertion appointment for new dentures. It involves adjusting the denture bases using pressure indicating paste to eliminate pressure spots, adjusting the denture borders to eliminate overextensions, remounting the dentures on an articulator to correct any errors, and making occlusion adjustments. The appointment also includes educating the patient and conducting a follow-up check within 24 hours to further adjust the dentures based on any issues.
How to download a haiku deck to your laptopjeffcockrum
To download and save a Haiku Deck presentation to your computer, click the Share button to export the presentation to an email. Send the email to yourself and save the attachment, adding ".pptx" to the file name if using a PC so it will open in PowerPoint. For Macs, double click the attachment to open it directly in Keynote before saving. The document provides instructions from an instructional media specialist on downloading Haiku Deck presentations.
This document provides instructions for the denture insertion appointment. It discusses adjusting the denture base using pressure indicating paste to eliminate areas of excessive pressure. It also discusses adjusting the denture borders using disclosing wax to ensure proper extension. The document describes clinically remounting the dentures using centric relation records to correct for errors and to equilibrate the occlusion in excursions. It emphasizes the importance of patient education regarding limitations, expected tissue changes, and follow up care.
Simplified distal extension impression technique/ oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides instructions for making final impressions for complete dentures, including custom tray fabrication, border molding techniques, and using selective pressure to record tissues in an undisplaced position. It describes areas that require special attention for the maxillary and mandibular impressions, such as the posterior palatal seal and retromylohyoid space. The goal is to make impressions that provide maximum coverage, close adaptation, and proper support and retention for the dentures.
This document summarizes the steps involved in preparing dentures for delivery including finishing, polishing, and removing the dentures from the master casts. It also describes fabricating remount casts from impressions of the dentures which will be used to mount the clinical remount record on the articulator and preserve the original jaw relationship. The key steps are finishing and polishing the dentures, using various tools to remove plaster from the dentures, and creating remount casts that will be used to accurately position the dentures during follow-up visits.
This document discusses criteria for dental extractions prior to radiation therapy. It notes that many patients with oral cancer have significant dental disease and infected teeth may cause problems after therapy. The primary goal of pre-radiation extractions is to minimize risk of dental infection leading to osteoradionecrosis. Key factors in determining need for extractions include dental disease factors like furcation involvement and compliance, as well as radiation delivery factors like dose, volume, and mode of therapy. Extraction of teeth with advanced disease or in poor compliance patients is recommended. Mandibular teeth receive more scrutiny than maxillary teeth due to higher osteoradionecrosis risk with post-radiation extractions.
This document describes important anatomical landmarks in the edentulous maxilla and mandible that are relevant to complete denture prosthodontics. It defines relief areas, support areas, and stress bearing areas. For the maxilla, it identifies landmarks like the labial and buccal frenums, labial and buccal vestibules, alveolar ridges, maxillary tuberosity, incisive papilla, palatine rugae, torus palatinus, midpalatine raphe, fovea palatini, hamular notch, vibrating line, and posterior palatal seal area. For the mandible, it identifies landmarks like the labial and buccal frenums
a presentation on the method of oral care of patients on chemotherapy and radiotherapy, including data on the adverse effect of such therapy, the oral manifestations and dental management.
This case report describes the rehabilitation of an edentulous 63-year old female patient with an implant supported overdenture. The patient presented with a loose lower denture and difficulty with mastication and speech. Clinical examination and radiographs showed resorbed alveolar ridges. The treatment plan involved placing two implants in the mandible and four implants in the maxilla. After osseointegration, ball attachments were connected to the implants and incorporated into the overdenture. The patient was followed up for 6 months and showed improved function, retention, stability and satisfaction with the new overdenture. Implant supported overdentures can successfully rehabilitate edentulous ridges and provide superior outcomes compared to
This case report describes the rehabilitation of an edentulous 63-year old female patient with an implant supported overdenture. The patient presented with a loose lower denture and difficulty with mastication and speech. Clinical examination and radiographs revealed resorbed alveolar ridges. The treatment plan involved placing two implants in the mandible and four implants in the maxilla. Ball attachments were used to connect the overdentures to the implants. The surgical placement of the implants was described. After osseointegration, the ball attachments were connected to create an implant supported overdenture. The patient was satisfied with improved function and esthetics. The case report concluded implant supported overdentures are an effective treatment for
The content covers majority of the aspect of immediate implant placement - why immediate implants?, case selection, decision making, classifications, surgical technique, healing following immediate implant placement, immediate implants in infected sockets/periapical infections, literature reviews and recommendations for clinical practice.
Prosthodontic rehabilitation of maxillary defect in a patientNishu Priya
Restoration of maxillectomy defects demand varied modifications in prosthesis fabrication, to make them lighter and well-tolerated by the patient.
Literature suggests the use of various retentive aids for the construction of conventional obturator to improve retention and oral function.
This document discusses periodontal considerations for surgically exposing impacted canines. It notes that impacted canines require multidisciplinary management by orthodontists and periodontists. The aim is to guide eruption while respecting gingival tissues to avoid periodontal damage. Forced eruption alone is not sufficient; the tooth must achieve a stable, healthy position. Techniques discussed include gingivectomy, apically repositioned flap, closed eruption, and tunnel approach. Location of the impacted tooth influences technique choice to best preserve periodontal tissues and bone. Short-term studies found greater periodontal problems for treated teeth versus controls, though closed-flap techniques showed less attachment loss.
This document discusses factors affecting the selection of patients for implant retained prostheses. It outlines that a thorough patient evaluation including medical history, dental evaluation through examination and imaging, and informed consent is required. The dental evaluation assesses bone quality and quantity, occlusion, and adjacent teeth. Indications for implants include missing teeth from congenital defects, trauma, or being edentulous. Contraindications include certain medical conditions, smoking, drugs/alcohol, or inadequate bone. Proper patient selection is key for implant success and satisfying treatment outcomes.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting patients for implant retained prostheses. It outlines general patient factors like medical history and motivation that should be assessed. A thorough dental evaluation including extraoral and intraoral exams, various radiographs, and bone density assessment is important. Patients should provide informed consent and understand expectations, risks, and commitments. Clinical indications for implants include missing teeth due to congenital defects, trauma, or being edentulous. Contraindications include conditions that could compromise bone healing or the patient's ability to maintain implants. A multidisciplinary approach may be needed for complex cases.
The document discusses the benefits of retaining implants in patients with few peri-implant tissues, noting that implant retention can enhance support and stability while maintenance of soft tissues is easier due to the presence of keratinized mucosa. It also stresses the importance of creating a zone of attached keratinized tissue anteriorly for both fixed and removable prostheses.
This study compared the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) technique and Hall Technique (HT) for restoring occlusoproximal lesions in primary molars in children. 30 children were randomly assigned to receive either ART or HT. The ART group showed no change in bite opening, while the HT group showed a statistically significant increase. The HT took a significantly longer time than ART. Both techniques were well accepted by children and parents based on reported satisfaction levels. The study concluded that HT was preferred for its minimal discomfort, though ART was a good aesthetic alternative with a shorter procedure time and no change in bite opening.
This document discusses preprosthetic surgery, which involves surgical procedures done prior to the construction of dentures to improve the denture foundation and ensure successful denture therapy. Some reasons for preprosthetic surgery include removing retained teeth/roots, smoothing uneven ridges, reducing tori or exostoses that could interfere with denture placement, and adjusting the mental foramen if resorption has caused sharp edges that could cause pain. Both non-surgical and surgical methods are discussed, including alveoloplasty to reshape ridges and remove undercuts or projections, as well as the importance of a thorough examination and developing a treatment plan with the patient.
Diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial fractures Reza Tabrizi
This document discusses the diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial fractures. It covers evaluation, goals of treatment, and various techniques for fractures of the mandible, midface, zygoma, nasal bones, and Lefort fractures. Treatment aims to restore proper occlusion and anatomy through techniques like maxillomandibular fixation, closed reduction, open reduction, wiring osteosynthesis, and rigid fixation with plates.
This document discusses secondary pre-prosthetic surgical procedures. It describes ideal ridge form for denture wearing and secondary procedures to modify ridges through augmentation or altering relationships. Ridge augmentation aims to recreate ridges compatible with dentures through autografts, homografts, or alloplastic materials. Ridge relationship procedures correct arch discrepancies through maxillary advancement or mandibular advancement surgeries. Secondary soft tissue procedures further modify ridges after hard tissue alterations.
This case report describes the successful treatment of a 59-year-old edentulous female patient with a two-implant overdenture. Two implants were placed in the mandible using a surgical guide. After osseointegration was confirmed, ball abutments were attached to the implants and connected to an overdenture with O-rings. The patient was able to eat with the new prosthesis. Follow-ups showed good outcomes with minor gingivitis resolved with education. The report concludes two-implant overdentures provide an affordable option for edentulous patients.
Gingival prosthesis: an efficient solution to severe gingival recessions in a...Premier Publishers
Clinical attachment loss in periodontal disease may lead to gingival recessions, elongation of the crowns, black triangles and unaesthetic appearance of maxillary anterior. For these problems surgical procedures may not have acceptable results in case of severe gingival recessions. Thus, non-surgical methods, like gingival prostheses/veneers, should be considered as an alternative treatment approach in such cases. It is an easy constructed and practical device to optimize the esthetic and functional outcome after the control of periodontal disease. This case report of young female patient illustrates treatment for an advanced tissue loss in a maxillary anterior area using a removable gingival prosthesis/veneers. This treatment modality offered a good optional solution and optimum esthetic patient satisfaction with a 2-year follow-up.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
omfs journal club ppt on bone ridge augmentationAkhil Sankar
This is a journal club to start with for new omfs pgs . This is correctly criticized and cross-checked ppt. Also, it is a relevant topic in day to day preactise
Immediate Implant Placement And Restoration With Natural Tooth In The Maxilla...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Anterior tooth loss and restoration in the esthetic zone is a common challenge in dentistry today. The prominent visibility of the area can be especially distressing to the patient and requires a timely and esthetically pleasing solution. Immediate single-tooth implantation followed by immediate provisionalization is becoming an increasingly desirable treatment that offers numerous benefits over conventional delayed loading. Provisionalization for immediately-placed implants using the patient’s existing tooth can enhance the final aesthetic outcome if certain steps are
followed. If the natural tooth is intact and can be used as a provisional, the emergence profile can be very similar to the preoperative condition. This article outlines a technique to use the patient’s natural tooth after extraction to provisionalize an implant.
This study aims to prospectively evaluate and compare the socket shield technique versus the conventional technique for immediate dental implants. The socket shield technique involves retaining the buccal root portion after extraction to preserve the buccal bone and soft tissues, while the conventional technique is immediate implant placement after full root extraction. Thirty patients needing a single anterior tooth extraction will be randomly allocated to receive implants with either the socket shield technique or conventional technique. Outcomes of implant survival, marginal bone loss, and esthetics will be clinically and radiographically evaluated.
Similar to Complete Dentures for Irradiated Patients (20)
There are three basic phases of the digital workflow when designing and/or fabricating removable partial denture frameworks; data acquisition, designing (computer aided design (CAD)), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). The bulk of this presentation is dedicated to the design steps used in this workflow utilizing sample maxillary and mandibular casts
There are three basic phases of the digital workflow when designing and/or fabricating removable partial denture frameworks; data acquisition, designing (computer aided design (CAD)), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). The bulk of this presentation is dedicated to the design steps used in this workflow utilizing sample maxillary and mandibular casts
This document discusses single tooth defects in the posterior quadrants and their restoration. It compares fixed dental prostheses to implants, noting that implants are generally preferred when adjacent teeth are healthy or nearly so. For endodontically treated teeth, a fixed restoration is preferred if sufficient tooth structure remains and occlusion and parafunction are minimal. Considerations for implant placement include anatomic factors, timing of placement, and prosthodontic issues like abutment selection and cement versus screw retention. The goal is to restore function while avoiding complications like fracture, overload, and peri-implantitis.
This document discusses implant biomechanics and treatment planning considerations for restoring posterior quadrants. It notes that implant restorations must be designed to avoid overload, as excessive loads can lead to bone loss and implant failure over time. Key factors discussed include implant number, length, alignment relative to curves of Spee and Wilson, and linear versus curvilinear configurations. Curvilinear arrangements are emphasized as withstanding more load than linear arrangements due to greater cross-arch stabilization. Case examples demonstrate successful long-term outcomes and failures where biomechanics were not adequately considered.
This document discusses the use of implants to supplement removable partial dentures (RPDs) in various clinical situations. Implants can be used to improve support, stability, and retention of RPDs when existing dentition is compromised. Common scenarios include using implants in extension base RPDs, with questionable implant anchorage or unfavorable configurations, to replace lost implants in key locations, replace a lost natural tooth abutment, or supplement insufficient existing dentition. Resilient attachments are often used to retain implant-assisted RPDs while avoiding implant overload. Complications can include peri-implantitis, loose abutments, and wear of attachments. Overlay RPDs are also discussed as an option to
This document discusses computer guided treatment planning and implant placement. It describes how computer guided planning allows visualization of potential implant sites in 3D and more precise placement compared to free-hand drilling. Fully guided surgery uses surgical templates to control position, angle, depth and diameter of osteotomies, while semi-guided surgery controls initial position and angle only, allowing more flexibility. Fully guided is used for edentulous patients, while semi-guided is preferred for partially edentulous patients where soft tissue manipulation or bone grafting may be needed.
This document discusses dental implants, specifically angled (tilted) implants used to restore edentulous maxillas. It describes several approaches for using tilted implants, including placing 4-6 implants with angled abutments to offset the implant angles, or using co-axis implants where angulation correction is subgingival. Tilted implants provide advantages like longer distal implants, improved primary stability, and eliminating the need for sinus augmentation. Studies show success rates above 90% for tilted implants.
Crowns significantly improve the success of endodontically treated posterior teeth but do not improve the success of anterior teeth. Posterior teeth require crowns more often than anterior teeth due to greater cuspal deflection after root canal treatment. The main purpose of a post is to retain a core, not strengthen teeth. Posts should extend to retain 5mm of gutta percha and not exceed 7mm in molars. The diameter of posts should not exceed one-third of the root diameter and range between 0.6-1.2mm. A ferrule of at least 2mm helps prevent tooth fracture.
Charles J. Goodacre presents on provisional restorations in fixed prosthodontics. He discusses the functions and requirements of provisional restorations including protection, mastication, esthetics, positional stability, and providing diagnostic information. He describes various provisional restoration resins and their properties. Goodacre also outlines different types of provisional restorations including prefabricated, custom-fabricated, direct and indirect techniques. He demonstrates techniques for direct provisional restorations using templates and indirect restorations fabricated by a laboratory.
This document discusses secondary impression materials used in fixed prosthodontics. It defines an impression as a negative reproduction of prepared teeth that provides information to fabricate a crown or fixed prosthesis. Impressions can be physical materials or digital scans. Physical impressions include reversible hydrocolloid, condensation silicone, polysulfide, polyether, and addition silicone. Custom trays are often used and are fabricated from autopolymerizing or light-cured resin. Ideal impressions accurately record all prepared surfaces and maintain dimensional stability until the laboratory casts are made.
This document discusses techniques for fluid control and tissue management during fixed prosthodontic impressions. It describes the need to displace gingiva to record tooth structure below the finish line. Various methods of fluid control are outlined, including retraction cords, suction, and isolite systems. Retraction cords should be moistened with hemostatic agents before gentle placement to displace tissue. The document recommends a two-cord technique using different diameter cords and additional hemostatic agents if needed to control bleeding and produce accurate impressions. Proper fluid management is essential for high quality fixed prosthodontic impressions.
This document provides an overview of ceramics used in fixed prosthodontics. It discusses various types of ceramics including glass ceramics, glass infiltrated mixtures, and polycrystalline ceramics. Examples mentioned include lithium disilicate, zirconia, and alumina. The document reviews clinical indications and uses of different ceramics, as well as case considerations, preparation designs, and causes of failure. An outline is provided of the topics to be covered in the presentation on ceramics in dental practice.
1) There are two main hardening mechanisms for dental cements - acid-base reactions and polymerization reactions. Common cements that use acid-base reactions include zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and glass ionomer cements. Resin cements use a polymerization reaction.
2) Zinc phosphate cement has a long history of success but lacks adhesion and fluoride release. Polycarboxylate cement bonds to tooth structure and has short mixing/working times. Glass ionomer cement releases fluoride and bonds to tooth structure.
3) Resin-modified glass ionomer cement combines the benefits of glass ionomer cement with the strength and handling of resin, providing good early strength and reduced moisture sensitivity.
1. Single tooth defects in the posterior quadrants can often be restored with either fixed dental prostheses or dental implants, depending on the clinical situation and anatomical factors.
2. Implant placement can be immediate, delayed, or staged depending on factors like infection, bone quality, and proximity to anatomical structures.
3. Site enhancement procedures may be needed to augment bone in order to place implants in ideal positions and ensure adequate bone volume.
This document discusses cement retention versus screw retention for dental implants. Both methods can be used if done properly. Cement retention is simpler but risks residual cement being left under gums, which can lead to peri-implantitis. Screw retention allows easy removal but requires access holes. Residual subgingival cement is the major problem, as it is difficult to fully remove and can cause inflammation and bone loss over time.
This document summarizes research on the success rates and complications of resin bonded prostheses (RBPs). It finds that on average, 26% of RBPs experience complications within 4 years, increasing to 28% after 5 years, with debonding being the most common at 21%. Debonding rates are higher for posterior teeth, longer spans, and cantilever designs. Tooth preparation techniques like covering lingual and proximal surfaces, adding proximal grooves or pinholes, and occlusal rests can reduce debonding. Maintaining a minimum of 0.5mm occlusal clearance and 1mm metal thickness also impacts success. Proper diagnosis, treatment planning and cementation techniques are keys to optimizing longevity
This document is a lecture on fixed partial denture (FPD) designs by Charles J. Goodacre from Loma Linda University School of Dentistry. The lecture discusses key considerations for FPD treatment planning including tooth stability, occlusal forces, abutment selection, and material choices. It provides examples of different FPD designs for single and multiple tooth replacements in the maxilla and mandible. Challenges with each case such as cantilevers, oral hygiene access, and risk of failure are evaluated. The goal is to create the best online programs of instruction in prosthodontics.
Crowns significantly improve the success of endodontically treated posterior teeth. Posts are primarily used to retain cores and do not strengthen teeth. The appropriate post length is to extend to the radiographic apex with 5mm of gutta percha retained. Post diameter should not exceed 1/3 of the root diameter and range from 0.6-1.2mm. A ferrule of at least 2mm is recommended to prevent root fracture.
This document discusses various dental cements and cementation procedures. It describes the compositions, characteristics, and mixing procedures of different cement types including provisional cements, zinc phosphate cement, polycarboxylate cement, glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, resin cement, and calcium aluminate cement. It also outlines various clinical procedures for cementation such as provisional crown removal, tooth preparation, crown placement, adjustment, and cement cleanup.
This document discusses provisional restorations in fixed prosthodontics. It describes the functions and requirements of provisional restorations, including protection, mastication, esthetics, positional stability, and providing diagnostic information. It discusses different materials used for provisional restorations like methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and composite resins. It also describes different types of provisional restorations including prefabricated shells, custom-fabricated templates, and cast metal. Both direct and indirect techniques are covered.
More from www.ffofr.org - Foundation for Oral Facial Rehabilitiation (20)
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Can Traditional Chinese Medicine Treat Blocked Fallopian Tubes.pptxFFragrant
There are many traditional Chinese medicine therapies to treat blocked fallopian tubes. And herbal medicine Fuyan Pill is one of the more effective choices.
Applications of NMR in Protein Structure Prediction.pptxAnagha R Anil
This presentation explores the pivotal role of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in predicting protein structures. It delves into the methodologies, advancements, and applications of NMR in determining the three-dimensional configurations of proteins, which is crucial for understanding their function and interactions.
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)MuskanShingari
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
Maintaining skin health is crucial for overall well-being, involving proper hygiene, hydration, protection from sun exposure, and avoiding harmful substances. Skin conditions and diseases range from minor irritations to chronic disorders, emphasizing the importance of regular care and medical attention when needed.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
2. Table of Contents
Risk of bone necrosis
Use of silicone soft liners
Placement of dentures – timing
Dentures and pre-existing bone necrosis
Morbidity – ORN secondary to denture use
Soft tissue necrosis and dentures
Prosthodontic procedures
History and examination
Impressions
VDO and CR
Occlusal forms
Delivery and post-insertion care
3. Prosthetic Management
Edentulous Patients
Can edentulous patients be permitted to
wear dentures after completion of high
dose radiotherapy for oral cancer?
Yes!! Almost all patients will be able to use complete
dentures with little or no risk of precipitating an
osteoradionecrosis if certain precautions are taken.
4. Can existing dentures be reinserted
after completion of RT?
Dentures can reinserted following completion of RT and the
resolution of mucositis in most patients. One factor to consider
is the percentage of the bearing surface within the gross tumor
volume because these tissues will receive a very high dose.
For most patients with soft palate or nasopharyngeal neoplasms, the dose
delivered to the denture bearing surfaces of the mandible is not clinically
significant whether or not CRT or IMRT is employed
Experienced complete denture wearers usually have developed the necessary
neuromuscular coordination necessary for successful function with dentures and
are less likely to exhibit tongue or cheek biting.
5. Can existing dentures be reinserted
after completion of RT?
However when tumors of the oral tongue and floor of mouth are irradiated
with CRT or IMRT, large portions of the mandibular bearing surface may be
within the gross tumor volume and exposed to high doses and this should
be taken into consideration.
Therefore, in some patients it may not be appropriate for the patient to
continue to wear their existing dentures
The following risk factors affect the decision:
The condition of the bearing surface mucosa
Boney contours of the alveolar ridge
Compliance of the patient
ChemoRT magnifies the risk of complications associated with denture use
6. What factors determine the risk of bone
necrosis from denture use?
Dose and volume delivered to the mandibular
denture bearing surfaces
Boney contours of the mandibular denture bearing
surfaces
Quality of the denture bearing mucosa in the
mandible
Neuromuscular control of the patient
Past experience with dentures
7. Prosthetic Management
Edentulous Patients
What is the risk of bone necrosis from denture use?
Two Groups to Consider
Patients edentulous prior to radiation therapy with
experience with dentures.
Patients undergoing preradiation or postradiation
extraction with dentures fitted after completion of
radiation.
The former are at low risk of ORN from the of use dentures while
the latter have some risk although it is minimal.
8. Source: Beumer J et al, J Prosthet Dent, 1976
Patients Edentulous Prior to Therapy
• Number of patients 92
• Full lower dentures in the field 87
• Full upper dentures in the field 72
• Previous experience with removable prostheses (pts) 84
• Time interval, therapy to delivery (mths)
• Average 15.4
• Range 2-112
• Followup after delivery (mths)
• Average 20.9
• Range 6-114
• Osteoradionecrosis secondary to dentures 0
• Soft tissue necroses (patients) 6
9. Source: Beumer J et al, J Prosthet Dent, 1976
Denture use in patients dentulous prior to therapy requiring
extractions in the radiation fields
Number of patients 36
Full lower dentures 31
Full upper dentures 30
Soft tissue necrosis 0
Previous experience with RPD’s 18
Dentures for patients with pretreatment extractions
Patients 23
Osteos secondary to dentures (pts) 2
Time interval, therapy to delivery (ave, mths) 22.2
Followup after delivery (months)
Average 19.2
Range 3-92
10. Dentures for patients with post radiation
extractions
Patients 16
Osteos secondary to dentures (pts) 3
Time interval, therapy to delivery (ave, mths) 26.1
Time interval, extraction to delivery (months )
Average 11.8
Range 2-45
Source: Beumer J et al, J Prosthet Dent, 1976
11. Silicone Liners
Contraindicated because:
Silicones exhibit decreased wetability. This, combined with reduced
salivary flow results in increased friction at the denture-mucosa
interface during function.
The silicones deteriorate rapidly secondary to fungus infestation.
It is very difficult to adjust.
Eight of 25 patients fitted with silicone liners developed
soft tissue necrosis (Daley and Drane, 1972)
12. Placement of Dentures - Timing
Patients edentulous prior to the tumor diagnosis who
are experienced denture wearers
New dentures can be made or existing dentures reinserted as soon as
the mucositis has resolved.
If the tumor site lies within the area of a denture extension area or the
bearing surfaces, the denture should be checked with pressure
indicating paste (PIP) and disclosing wax prior to reinsertion.
Patients dentulous prior to undergoing preradiation
or postradiation extractions
Denture bearing surfaces should be carefully examined for contour
irregularity, telangiectasia, and scar before proceeding with denture
fabrication.
Some such patients qualify immediately, others may never be good
candidates for mandibular dentures.
13. Denture use and preexisting osteoradionecrosis
Permitted in selected patients
When the bone exposure is
confined within the zone of
attached keratinized mucosa
(circle).
When the denture can be
generously relieved at and around
the area of bone exposure.
Not permitted
When the bone exposure is
extends beyond the zone of
attached keratinized mucosa or
shows signs of worsening (arrow).
In noncompliant patients.
14. Morbidity
Osteoradionecrosis Secondary to Dentures
Most ORN’s secondary to denture irritation resolve with
conservative treatment and generally do not require surgical
resection and/or hyperbaric oxygen.
Daley and Drane (l972) – Four out of five healed with
conservative measures.
Beumer et al (l984) – Seven of eight resolved with
conservative treatment.
Why so successful?
Post radiation the periosteum is the
primary blood supply
Most ORN’s in edentulous patients
present short of the mucogingival junction.
The gingival fibers help secure the
periosteum to the underlying bone
preventing spread of the exposure.
15. Soft tissue necrosis and dentures
In some patients edema of the tongue and buccal mucosa is prominent
and tongue and cheek biting is not uncommon. Occlusal trauma may lead
to a soft tissue necrosis, particularly in patients whose tongue lesions
were treated with brachytherapy.
This patient was treated with combination external beam and brachytherapy. The
dose delivered to the lateral tongue was in excess of 8000 cGy. Occlusal
trauma led to a soft tissue necrosis.
Exam often reveals in such cases that the denture teeth are excessively worn with
insufficient horizontal over lap.
In such patients dentures should be remade paying particular attention to the
horizontal overlap of the posterior teeth.
16. Positioning posterior denture teeth – Irradiated patients
In arranging posterior teeth careful attention should be directed toward
attaining proper buccal horizontal overlap. Some clinicians use only 3
posterior teeth, in order to avoid trauma to the posterior buccal mucosa.
By properly centering the
lingual cusps of the
maxillary teeth over the
central grooves of the
mandibular teeth the
horizontal overlap should be
ideal and should be
sufficient to prevent biting of
the cheek and corner of the
mouth.
Note that only 3 posterior Horizontal
teeth have been used in this
setup overlap
17. Soft tissue necrosis and dentures
Treatment consists of establishing the diagnosis, removal of the
lower denture and close followup. In severe cases some
clinicians believe that a course of HBO will accelerate healing.
Pentoxifylline, a fibrinolyitic agent which enhances blood flow in
ischemic tissues, has also been proposed as a means to
facilitate mucosalization (Dion et al, 1989).
18. Prosthodontic Procedures
History and exam findings of unique importance
Radiotherapy data
Condition of oral mucous membranes
Contours of the bony bearing surfaces, presence of bony
undercuts
Salivary flow rates
Trismus
Scarring at the tumor site
19. History
Radiotherapy data
Modality
CRT vs IMRT
Dose to denture bearing surfaces
Previous denture use
History of successful use of complete dentures prior
to therapy is an accurate indicator of future success
Psychosocial issues
The patient’s attitude towards himself/herself and the disease is of prime
importance. Many are emotionally distraught over the uncertainty regarding cure
and the morbidity inflicted by their radiation treatment. These attitudes should be
anticipated and psychosocial counseling provided when appropriate . An
uncooperative, poorly motivated patient, is a poor candidate for postradiation
denture service.
20. History of Denture Use
Edentulous patients with a history of multiple complaints and
difficulties associated with their dentures prior to radiation treatment
may indicate an added risk factor for complications with dentures
post radiation.
This possibility must be discussed frankly with the patient prior to
prosthetic treatment. In addition the patient must be well informed
of the risks associated with the use of dentures.
Since most complaints are associated with mandibular complete
dentures, rarely will these patients be pleased with their new
mandibular denture.
21. Exam findings
Condition of oral mucous membranes
Telangiectasia, mucosal atrophy and bearing surface
boney contours
This patient presents with both telangiectasia of the bearing surface
mucosa and irregular boney bearing surfaces.
In such instances the denture bearing surface epithelium may be only
5-6 cell layers thick.
22. Exam findings
Telangiectasia and mucosal atrophy - mandible
These two patients were treated with CRT with opposed
mandibular fields and the dose to the mandibular body was 70
Gy.
Exam revealed mucosal atrophy and telangiectasia on the
denture foundation surfaces.
Both patients are poor candidates for mandibular dentures
because of the high risk of mucosal perforation and
osteoradionecrosis. However, a maxillary denture can be worn
with little or no risk to the patient.
23. Exam Findings
Telangiectasia and mucosal atrophy - Maxilla
A B
These two patients were treated with CRT via posterior lateral facial fields.
Both exhibit telangiectasia and mucosal atrophy but not on the bearing
surfaces.
In patient “A” the fields terminated anteriorly at the junction of the hard and
soft palate. Little of the mandibular bearing surfaces were in the
radiation field.
field
In patient “B” the telangiectasia and scarring was confined to the tumor site
and did not extend to the mandibular denture bearing surfaces.
Based on these and other factors both patients were considered candidates
for maxillary and mandibular complete dentures.
24. Exam Findings
Telangiectasia and mucosal atrophy - Maxilla
In this patient the maxilla was exposed to in excess of 68 Gy.
Note the telangiectasia of the palatal mucosa, the buccal mucosa and the
residual portion of the soft palate.
A maxillary prosthesis in indicated because the risk of osteoradionecrosis
(ORN) is insignificant but if such changes were noted on the bearing
surfaces of the mandible a complete denture would be contraindicated
because of the risk of mucosal perforation and ORN.
25. Exam Findings –Bony Contours
Contours of the bony bearing surfaces and presence of
bony undercuts
Irregular contours on the mandibular bearing surface may contraindicate
the fabrication of a lower denture if these surfaces are within the gross
tumor volume and the dosage is high (above 65 Gy).
During function the mandibular denture slips and slides over the mucosa
during function and prior to closure the tongue seats the denture on
the bearing surfaces. If the denture is not properly seated when the
closure occurs mucosal injury can result.
26. Exam Findings –Bony Contours
Contours of the bony bearing surfaces and presence of
bony undercuts
Irregular contours on the mandibular bearing surface may contraindicate
the fabrication of a lower denture if these surfaces are within the gross
tumor volume and the dosage is high (above 65 Gy).
This patient would be a poor candidate for a lower denture. He was treated
with CRT with opposed mandibular fields for a lateral tongue lesion. The
dose delivered was 66 Gy. The irregular bearing surfaces combined with
significant reduction in salivary flow would predispose this patient to mucosal
perforations and osteoradionecrosis.
27. Exam Findings –Bony Contours
Contours of the bony bearing surfaces and presence
of bony undercuts
If the gross tumor volume was high and posterior, limiting the dose to these
irregular bony surfaces to less than 5500 cGy, dentures could be worn safely
and the ridge irregularities expected to remodel.
28. Exam Findings Posterior - Palatal Seal Area
If the posterior palatine salivary glands are heavily irradiated
the palatine glands and the adjacent tissues become fibrotic
As a result the posterior palatal seal area becomes less
displaceable and combined with reduced salivary flow
peripheral seal becomes more difficult to attain
29. Exam findings – Salivary flow rates
Consequences of reduced flow rates:
Compromise tolerance of dentures particularly the
mandibular denture
Compromised peripheral seal of the maxillary denture
Increases the risk of tissue irritation particularly in the
mandible because:
Its reduced bearing surfaces as compared to the maxilla
The mandibular denture slips and slides over the bearing surface
during function.
30. Exam findings - Trismus
Most commonly seen in patients with tumors of the soft palate,
tonsil and nasopharynx where the muscles of mastication
receive high dose levels (about 10-50% in such patients)
Made significantly worse by concomitant chemotherapy
Trismusmay require the reduction of the vertical dimension of
occlusion in order to facilitate entrance of the bolus
31. Exam Findings - Scarring
Scarring at the tumor site within the denture
foundation area or at the periphery of the denture
This patient is a good candidate for complete dentures but care
must be taken to avoid overextension of the denture adjacent to
the scar associated with the tumor site. A mucosal perforation in
this area would probably lead to an osteoradionecrosis.
32. Compliance
Does the patient continue to abuse tobacco and alcohol?
Will he/she leave out the dentures at night?
Can you rely on the patient calling you when he/she develops a
sore area?
Do they understand the risk of bone necrosis?
If the patient does not understand the importance of the
above or is noncompliant, upper dentures may be worn
but use of lower dentures should be discouraged.
discouraged
33. Exam Findings
Any condition which compromises the prosthetic prognosis in
nonirradiated patients assumes added significance in irradiated
patients.
The clinician should examine the denture foundation area thoroughly for
undercuts, tori, high tissue attachments, enlarged maxillary tuberosities, flabby
and redundant tissue, lack of attached gingiva, retruded tongue position,
unfavorable floor of mouth contours and abnormal jaw relationships.
For example, mandibular ridges such as these with severe bilateral undercuts or
excessive ridge resorption with little attached keratinized mucosa are poor
candidates for complete denture service following radiation therapy.
34. Prosthodontic Procedures
Impressions
Border molding
Border mold with a low fusing compound* with custom
trays
Develop maximum extensions but avoid overextension
at the tumor site
Do not attempt to displace the floor of the mouth to
obtain peripheral seal
*Bite compound, G.C. Dental Industrial Corp. Chicago, Tokyo
35. Prosthodontic Procedures
Impressions
Border molding
Efforts to develop the lingual flange should be directed toward
gaining stability rather than retention.
Edema of the tongue and floor of mouth, which is particularly
prominent if the patient has undergone a radical neck dissection,
will occasionally be sufficiently extensive to compromise tongue
space, compromise floor of mouth posture and limit the extent of the
lingual flange.
*Bite compound, G.C. Dental Industrial Corp. Chicago, Tokyo
36. Prosthodontic Procedures
Impressions
Wash materials
Polysulfide
Thermoplastic wax
If wax is used to refine the impression, an occlusal index engaging the
opposing denture must be incorporated within the tray
37. Facebow transfer record
A facebow transfer record
is used to mount the
maxillary cast on the
articulator.
38. Establishing VDR and VDO
VDO
Determined in the usual fashion
The VDO is closed only in patients with severe
trismus so as to facilitate easy entrance of the
bolus
40. Occlusal forms
It is not possible with the information at hand to make
assumptions relative to the efficacy of any particular occlusal
scheme available in the construction of complete dentures for
irradiated patients.
In our review of 128 patients (Beumer et al, 1976) both
anatomic teeth and non anatomic forms with full balance were
employed. On a theoretical basis, however, I have come to
favor lingualized or monoplane occlusal schemes with
balance facilitated with posteriorly situated balancing ramps.
The literature seems to indicate that less horizontal force is
generated with a nonanatomic occlusal scheme (Frechette,
1955; Kydd, 1956; Sharry et al., 1960; Swoope and Kydd,
1966) and this assumption, if true, would be of obvious
advantage to irradiated patients.
41. Occlusal forms
Lingualized with Nonanatomic with
bilateral balance balancing ramps
Selection based on the usual criteria
Coordination of the patient
Bony contours of the ridges
Tongue position and floor of mouth posture
Jaw relations
Tooth selection is not based on the fact
that the patient has been irradiated.
42. Lingualized Occlusion
Indications for use Advantages
High esthetic demands Good esthetics
Severe mandibular ridge Freedom of non-anatomic
atrophy teeth
Displaceable supporting Potential for bilateral
tissues balance
Malocclusion Centralizes vertical forces
Previous successful Minimizes tipping forces
denture with Lingualized Facilitates bolus
Occlusion penetration (mortar and
pestle effect)
43. Delivery and Post-Insertion Care
Pressure indicating paste
Disclosing wax
Clinical remount
24 and 48 hour followup
Leave dentures out at night
Educate the patient
Risk
Morbidity
44. Adjusting the Denture Base with pressure
indicating paste (PIP)
PIP the mandibular denture
Use smooth even brush
strokes
Carefully insert denture so as
to avoid wiping off PIP in
undercut areas
Adjust as necessary
Pay particular attention to the
mylohyoid region for mucosal
perforations in this region can
lead to an osteoradionecrosis.
45. Adjusting the denture borders with disclosing wax
Examples of commonly overextended areas
Pay particular attention to the site of the tumor particularly
if it is located on the denture border
These flanges are too thick
These flanges are too long
46. Clinical Remount
Purpose
To Correct for the fact that:
Adjusted denture bases seat more
accurately than record bases
Accommodate for errors made during
the making of centric relation records
“Measure twice, cut once”
once
47. Clinical Remount
Seat the posterior palatal seal
Placetwo cotton rolls between the posterior
teeth and have the patient bite down for 5
minutes.
48. Clinical Remount
Make centric relation record and prove the record
Carry to mouth and have the patient close in centric
relation just short of tooth contact. While making the
record, instruct the patient to retrude and elevate the
tongue. This will ensure that the condyles are properly
seated while making the record.
49. Clinical Remount
Remove the record. Chill in cold water and trim so that only
the cusp tip indentations remain. Trim the buccal side so
that the seating of the dentures can be visually checked.
50. Clinical Remount
Return the record to the mouth and recheck the record.
Contact should be equal and simultaneous bilaterally. If not
repeat the record. Observe the maxillary denture as the patient
closes. If the denture moves during closure repeat the record.
51. Clinical Remount
Using remount casts the dentures are remounted on the
articulator. Make sure to lock the condyles in centric while
remounting the dentures. The maxillary remount cast had been
mounted prior to removing the maxillary denture from the
master cast.
52. Clinical Remount
Begin by equilibrating in centric relation. If your original
Centric Relation record was correct, little or no
adjustment will be necessary.
53. Clinical Remount
Make a protrusive record. Instruct the
patient to bring their mandible forward
8-10 mm when making the record.
54. Clinical Remount
Protrusive record
Transfer the record to the articulator. Hold the upper
member of the articulator down into the record and
adjust the condylar inclination.
55. Clinical Remount – Lingualized Occlusion
Balancing Working
side side
Mandibular
movement
Check excursions. If necessary, adjust the occlusion
to restore bilateral balance.
56. Delivery Instructions and Followup
The care after delivery of dentures is critical and requires an
understanding patient to avoid untoward complications.
The patient is given an instruction sheet detailing possible problems and precautions.
Instructions concerning removal of the dentures if soreness develops, the necessity
for periodic return visits, and the initial limited use of the prosthesis for mastication
are provided.
Complete dentures should never be worn while sleeping.
During the first week, 24 hour, and 48 hour recall appointments are recommended
regardless of how well the patient is tolerating his/her dentures.
At the end of the adjustment period, the patient is required to return four times during
the first year. If the patient continues to present without complications, the interval
between visits may be lengthened during succeeding years.
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58. References
Beumer J, Curtis T, Morrish R. (1976) Radiation complications in edentulous patients.
J Prosthet Dent 36:193-203.
Griern M, Robinson J., Barnhart G. (1964) The uses of a soft denture base material in
management of the postradiation denture problems. Radiology 82:320-1.
Daly T, Drane J. (1972) Management of dental problems in irradiated patients.
Houston, Texas (Publication of the University of Texas).
Rahn A, Matalon V, Drane J. (1968) Prosthetic evaluation of patients who have
received irradiation to the head and neck regions. J Prosth Dent 19:174-9.
Krajicek D. (1969) Oral radiation in prosthodontics. J Amer Dent Assoc. 78:320-22.
King R, Elzay R, Prints. (1968) Effects of ionizing radiation in the human oral cavity
and oropharynx. Radiology 91:990.
Frechette A. (1955) Masticatory forces associated with the use of various types of
artificial teeth. J Prosthet Dent 5:252-67.
Kydd W. (1956) Complete denture base deformation with varied occlusal tooth form. J
Prosthet Dent 6:714-18.
Sharry J, Askew H, Hoyer H. (1960) Influence of artificial tooth forms on bone
deformation beneath complete dentures. J Dent Res 39:253.
Swoope C, Kydd W. (1966) The effect of cusp form and occlusal surface
area on denture base deformation. J Prosthet Dent 16:34-43