The document discusses recent advances in prosthodontics presented by Dr. J. Koshy Joseph. It covers various topics including complete dentures, fixed partial dentures, removable partial dentures, maxillofacial prosthetics, implantology, materials and instrumentation. New techniques and materials discussed include the use of lasers in denture fabrication, CAD/CAM systems for complete dentures, magnets and denture liners in prosthodontics, and all-on implants. The document provides an overview of the latest developments across different areas of prosthodontics.

1. Recent advances in
Prosthodontics
Presented By: Dr. J. Koshy Joseph

2. Contents
1. COMPLETE DENTURE PROTHESIS
2. FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE PROSTHESIS
3. REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE PROSTHESIS
4. MAXILLO-FACIAL PROSTHESIS
5. ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY
6. MATERIALS AND INSTRUMENTATION
7. GENERAL
8. CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
• The only thing in life that is constant is change, and
development and the development is the essence of any
change.
• Dentistry has come a long way from just replacing missing
teeth to replacing lost alveolus supporting facial structures,
recreating esthetics, reestablishing phonetics and many other
major developments.
• Most of all we can say that in prosthetics by using all the
artificial materials as well as technologies we can give a
natural appearance of an individual at the best of mankind.

4. Complete Dentures

5. EFFECT OF LOW ENERGY LASER APLICATION IN THE TREATMENT
OF DENTURE - INDUCED MUCOSAL LESION
They are primarily used to relieve
pain, reduce inflammation and edema and
accelerate healing. Studies on the biologic
effects of low energy lasers have been
concerned with the ability of such light to
increase blood circulation within
regenerated tissues to increase production
of collagen by fibroblast and to promote a
suppressive effect on the immune system.

6. A CAD/CAM SYSTEM FOR FABRICATION OF COMPLETE
DENTURES
UP Vol 7 No 1 1994
Methods of recording and measuring 3D
morphology have been greatly improved with
recent advancementof optoelectronic measuring
unit CAD software.
PROCEDURE:
Involve three major steps
• (1) Impression procedure
• (2) Denture designing
• (3) Denture fabrication

7. 1. Impression procedure

9. 2. Denture designing

10. 3. Denture Fabrication

11. STAFNE' S BONE CAVITY AND ITS UTILIZATION
IN COMPLETE DENTURE RETENTION
J.P.C. MARCH 2002
In 1942 Stafne described a series of Asymptomatic
Radiolucent lesions located near the angle of the
mandible.
Subsequent reports have shown that these condition
represents a well-defined concavity of the cortical bone
on the lingual surface of the mandible.
Entrapment of Salivary Gland parenchyma
Accentuation of the cavityIndentation along the lingual aspect of
the mandible that contains an extension
of the submandibular gland.

13. MAGNETS IN PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY
J.P.D. AUG 2001 Vol 86 No 2.
• The reason for their popularity is related to their
small size and strong attractive forces allow them to
be placed in prosthesis without being obtrusive
within the mouth.

14. SURFACE CONDITIONS AND VISCOELASTIC
PROPERTIES OF DENTURE LINER PERMAFLEX
IJP Vol 8 No 3 1995
• When patients suffer from fragile supporting
mucosa, excessive residual ridge resorption,
substantial undercuts and/or Traumatic or pathologic
tissue, less, the clinician may opt for the use of a soft
lining material between the intaglio surface of a
prosthesis and the supporting tissues.

15. The selected material must
a) minimize bone resorption
b) protect supporting gingival tissues
c) provides good surface condition that is can enable to
clinical adjustment.
Materials include in this family of Denture liners are
those in the family of Acrylic Resins.
a) Dentimex BV
b) Perform
c) Dimethyl polysiloxanes (DMPS-Flexor)
d) Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymers

16. CENTRIC RELATION A NEW CONCEPT
• A new concept of Centric Relation is defined
as "A clinically determined position of the
mandible both condyles into their anterior
uppermost position.
• This definition defines the old definition is the
centric relation is the relationship of the
mandible to maxilla when the condyles are at
the most posterior portion of the glenoid
fossa.

18. BPS dentures
(Biofunctional Prosthetic system)

19. Fixed Partial Dentures

20. METAL-FREE INLAY-RETAINED FIXED PARTIAL
DENTURE
Quintessence Int Daniel Edelhoff
Generally metal-reinforced systems are the materials of
choice for fabricating posterior fixed partial denture
(FPD) because of their reliability and durability, but this
system facilitate the periodontal assessment and
preserving the healthy tooth structure.

21. Disadvantages of Metal alloy framework
1. Base metal components have negative effects on adjacent
soft tissues.
2. Opaque darkish appearance.
Pre requisites for metal free FPD:
1. Good oral hygiene
2. Low susceptibility to caries
3. Parallel alignment of abutment teeth
4. Min height >5mm
5. Max mesiodistal width extension of interdental gap of 9mm if
pressed ceramic is used or 12mm for fibre reinforced
composites are used.

22. RECOMENDATION FOR PREPARATION
a) 2mm occlusal preparation depth
(floor of isthmus - central groove)
b) 1.5mm preparation depth of
proximal box (shoulder with rounded
internal angle).
c) Isthmus width of 1.5mm to 2mm in
premolars and 2.5-3mm in molars.
d) Proximal angle of the internal cavity
surface to the enamel surface 100°-
120°.
c) Minimum diameter of connectors
4mm x 5mm.
f) Divergence angle of cavity approx 6°.

23. PRIMARY ANTERIOR TOOTH REPLACEMENT
WITH A FIXED PROSTHESIS USING A
PRECISIOIN CONNECTION SYSTEM
Quintessence Int Vol 33 No 4 2002

24. • Fixed Space Maintainers of properly designed
are less damaging to the oral tissues than
removable space maintainers.
A Resinbonded Prosthesis without rigid
connectors permits normal physiologic
premaxillary growth because it does not provide
a rigid connection between the pontics.

25. The Crownless Bridge Works System (CBW Co)
was developed in by Nijwegen University as an
advancement of Universal Dental Anchorage
(UDA) Plus System.
With this system it is possible to replace both
anterior and posterior teeth with a strong
prosthesis of single or multiple pontics and at
the same time to preserve abutment teeth.

26. Advantages:
1. Minimally invasive abutment preparation.
2. Improved distribution of loads compared to that
with adhesive prosthesis.
3. Few periodontal problems because of absence of
margins.
4. Reversible and easily repairable system.
5. No alternation in occlusion.
6. Minimal stress to patients.

27. CHAIR SIDE PRE FABRICATED FIBRE
REINFORCED RESIN COMPOSITE FIXED PARTIAL
DENTURE
Indications of this FRC FPD
l. Emergency replacement of Tooth lost due to
Trauma.
2. Ant Tooth extracted due to failed Endodontic
procedure.
3. Fixed space maintainer, after Orthodontic
Treatment.
4. Prior to loading of Implants

28. • The wings are composed of a strip of
unidirectional FRC sandwiched between 2
woven Fiber Reinforced Composite Strips.

29. EXPA SYL GINGIVAL TISSUE RETRACTION
PASTE
Impression making for all fixed prosthesis requires
access to the prosthetic margin white minimally
traumatizing the tissue, so that clinician can produce as
much clinical information as possible to laboratory.

31. • Expa-syl is injected into the sulcus left in space for approx 1
to 2 mins and then thoroughly rinsed with air/water spray.
The sulcus is left open and dry ready for impression
making.
• Expasyl composed mainly of two materials Kaolin and A12
Cl, act as an haemostatic agent, Kaolin is a clay like material
responsible for the body or rigidity of the material.
• Expasyl is an water soluble paste so it should be used
without salivary contamination.
• Clinician should be aware of potential interaction between
Expasyl and Impression material especially Alginates and
Polyether with Aluminium chloride. Ideally Expasyl should
be used with polyvinyl siloxane impression

32. Magic FoamCord
• An expanding vinyl polysiloxane material designed
for retraction of the gingival sulcus without
retraction cord

33. ADVANTAGES:
+ Less traumatic to tissues than retraction cord
+ Color of foam makes it easy to see during use
+ Easy to remove material from preparation and sulcus
+ Adequate working time
+ Lot number and expiration date provided on foam cartridges
DISADVANTAGES:
- Limited clinical indications
- No hemostasis provided
- Relatively expensive compared with retraction cord
- No improvement in speed or quality of retraction compared with
cord
- Less effective on subgingival margins
- Intraoral tips may be too large to adequately inject material into
sulcus

34. LASER APPLICATION IN PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY
DCNA Vol 44 No 4, Oct 2000
• The current use of Lasers in Reconstructive Dentistry
encompasses a wide variety of soft tissue procedures
but the future may hold promise for hard tissue
procedures too.

35. LASER USE IN FIXED PROSTHESIS
SULCULAR LASER GINGIVOPLASTY

36. Removable Partial Denture

37. Flexible / Semi- Flexible RPDs

38. OPTICAL SURVEYING OF CAST FOR
REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE

39. • The cast is placed on a movable table and surveyed in a
dark room using parallel light beams.
• The survey line is the border of the light and dark zone.
• The geometric location of a conventional lead marker
survey line and the one created by light beams are in
the same location.
• After securing most favorable path of insertion for
design of RPD the table of the surveyor is fixed in
position and survey lines are marked with lead marker.
Advantages
• Change of survey lines and undercuts can be easily
inspected for different position of the cast.
• Slight undercut that cannot be measured by lead
marker can be observed by optical surveying.

40. Maxillofacial Prosthesis

41. A TITANIUM AND VISIBLE LIGHT POLYMERIZED RESIN
OBTURATOR
JPD APRIL 2002 Vol 87 No 4
BENITO RILO URBANA SANTANA
• When natural teeth are available as abutment, a metal frame work
is indicated typically made up of (Co-Cr).
• But commercially pure titanium has been in use for more than a
decade approx. weighs 40% lighter than (Co - Cr) frame work.
Because the tissue surrounding the defect change rapidly after surgery
as well as during or after radiotherapy, repeated adjustment is
necessary.
The use of visible light polymerized Resin (VLP) not only reduces the
weight but also improves oral hygiene since these resins demonstrate
a much lower porosities than conventional auto polymerized.
Advantages : 1. decrease weight
2. Easy to Fabricate
3. Easy to Adjust.

42. OROFACIAL PROSTHESIS DESIGN AND
FABRICATION USING STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
Aust Dent Journal 2000 45:4
• The use of stereolithography for the manufacture of
implantable prosthesis is relatively new aspects of
this dentistry.
• Data extracted from Computed Tomography (CT )
scan can be used to produce computer models of
three dimensional (3D) anatomical structures. Using
sterolithography, a rapid prototyping technique these
computer models can be made into solid physical
models.

43. These models are then used for diagnosis and treatment planning of various cases.

44. Implant Dentistry

45. A MODIFIED IMPLANT IMPRESSION TECHNIQUE
JPD Vol 87 No 3 March 2002
1. Impression copings on the implants are seated and secured them with
guide pins.
2. Opening is prepared on the buccal side of the tray near the implants Holes
are prepared in the tray to allow head of the guide pins protruded without
contracting the tray.
3. Light bodied Impression Material is used to record the area around the
remaining teeth.
4. The tray is replaced in the mouth and ensures that guidepins are visible
through the holes on the top of the tray.
5. Injection type impression material (Kerr) is placved through the side opeing
until the materials flow from the holes at top of the tray.
6. After the impression get set impression containing the copings are
removed.

46. RETRIEVAL TECHNIQUE FOR FRACTURED IMPLANT-
SCREW
JPD Nov 2001 Vol 86 No 5 Russell, T. Williamson Fonda.
G. Robinson
• In implant prosthodontics abutment screws and prosthetic retaining
screws both have the potential for fracture.
• Screw loosening and Retightening may lead to subsequent # of
abutment screws or prosthetic retaining screws.
• If an abutment screw # above the head of the implant, haemostat
may be useful to grasp the broken screw but if the screw # below
the head of the implant then other method is applicable.
• After the prosthesis or abutment is removed the screw hole is
vigourously flushed with an air/water spray from a 3-way syringe.
• An airstream is used to dry the screw hole.
• A sharp 1/4th round bur in a high speed handpiece is activated, and
lightly touched to the exposed site of # screw.
• The objective is to have spinning bur blades contract the metal
surface of the screw so the screw will spin out of the screw hole.

47. LASER USE IN IMPLANT DENTISTRY
• The importance of creating an environment for soft
tissues around perimucosal portion of the implants
cannot be over stated.
• All implants must pass through the submucosa and
overlying stratified Squamous Epithelium.
• The gingival epithelium or biologic seal become an
important factor in implant longevity.
• If a biological seal is created from the beginning of
implant uncovering using laser technology vs.
conventional surgery, the attached gingiva would
heal directly around the implant, forming an
epithelial cuff.

48. All on 4 or All on 6 concept

49. • The All-on-4® treatment concept is a cost-efficient, graftless solution
that provides patients with a fixed full-arch prosthesis on the day of
surgery.
• Full-arch rehabilitation with only four implants
Two straight anterior implants and two implants tilted up to 45º in
the posterior
• Immediate Function (fixed provisional bridge)
For patients meeting criteria for immediate loading of implants
• Graftless procedure
Bone grafting is avoided by tilting the posterior implants, utilizing
available bone
•

50. Advantages:
• Rapid improvement in quality of life.
A fixed full-arch prosthesis on the day of surgery quickly leads to
improved patient satisfaction – with regards to function, esthetics,
sense, speech and self-esteem.
• Shorter treatment times
Tilting of the posterior implants avoids the
need for time-consuming bone grafting procedures, while immediate
l loading shortens time-to-teeth.
• Lower costs
The concept is the least costly in comparison with conventional
implant treatment modalities of the edentulous and soon-to-be
edentulous jaw.

51. All on 6 concept
Oral Implantol (Rome). 2013 Jan-Mar; 6(1): 1–4.

52. Zygomatic implants

53. Trefoil implant systems
Siu, Adam & Chow, James. (2017). NOVUM REBORN: THE
TREFOIL CONCEPT.
• The system is versatile and may be used even where
there is massive bone loss, and can provide a truly
definitive ‘teeth in a day’ treatment.

54. • With meticulous radiographic planning, surgery takes place
using Brånemark’s original guided surgery protocol in which a
series of cleverly constructed surgical guides are used to
incrementally prepare sites for, and then to fully guide the
positioning of three specially designed implants into
predetermined positions in the anterior mandible.

55. The Trefoil framework is pre-
fabricated in titanium alloy; it has
a unique fixation mechanism
which compensates for minor 3
dimensional deviations in implant
placement.
The robust pre-manufactured
framework achieves a passive fit,
such that there is then no need for
the CAD/CAM production of a
definitive bar.
A single one-size framework is used
for all patients – this has been
shown to be suitable for the vast
majority of mandibles

56. Malo Bridge

57. Dental Materials

58. DENTAL CERAMICS: WHATS NEW
Dental Update Jan/Feb 2002
IN-CERAM
• Sufficient strength for anterior and posterior restorations.
• Fixed partial denture framework
• In Ceram alumina or In Ceram Zirconia, has flexural strength
and fracture toughness 2.5
to 3.5 times greater than
conventional leucite ceramic

59. PROCERA
• Procera crowns (Nobel Biocare)
combine the advantage of a metal
coping with high precision
processing techniques. The
substructure is fabricated from
titanium.
• The aesthetic porcelain that
overlays the metal core is of a low
fusing composition to minimize
excess oxdn of Titanium during
firing.

60. PROCERA ALL-CERAM
This comprises of high-strength, densely
sintered alumina core veenered with
porcelain.
Fracture resistance of ceramic restoration
is dependent not only on the intrinsic
strength and toughness of the material
itself, overall fitting accuracy also
contribute to the ability of the restoration
to withstand biting force.

61. IPS EMPRESS 2 (INVOCLAR VIVADENT)
• Hot-pressed leucite-reinforced ceramic
were introduced serving to reinforce
the glossy matrix and prevent crack
propagation
• the strength of the resultant material is
reported to be 3 times that of original
Empress.
• While 1.5mm of axial reduction is
usually recommended for metal
ceramics only I mm is needed for IPS
Empress 2.

62. CAD-CAM
• The first chair side produced ceramic inlay based on a CAD
CAM unit. (Cerec, Siemens Germany) was placed in 1985 since
when there have been several related developments including
introduction of second generation in 1994 and in 2000
Cerec3.
• Cerec 3 comprises both an acquisition and a milling unit which
enables concurrent designs and production of restoration.
• The softwares can be supplemented with Cerec 3 crown
which contains a tooth library and is said to be suitable for the
manufacture of all posterior restoration and anterior crowns.

63. • The Cerec 3 milling unit has been separated from the
acquisition unit to enable simultaneous design and milling.
The milling wheel had been replaced with tapered diamond
bur reducing the machining process time by 3-5 mins.
• The milling element is designed to accommodate the future
option of fabricating three unit Bridges.

64. SHOULDER PORCELAIN
• To correct the problem of rounding or slumping of
conventional porcelain margins after firing as the
fusion temperature were identical, manufactures
created special shoulder porcelain containing
aluminous porcelain that fuses at temperatures 30°-
80° higher than the dentin and enamel porcelain.
• Advantages : Stability during firing cycles
• Stronger in flexure than conventional porcelain
making the margin more resistance to fracture

65. OPALESCENT PORCELAIN
• Opalescence in dental porcelains is a light scattering effect
achieved with the minute concentrations of high index
refraction oxides in a size range near the wavelength of visible
light.
• Opalescent porcelain is a specific type of porcelain that offers
more brightness, compared to traditional porcelain. This
porcelain also allows the lab technician to add intrinsic stains
commonly found in natural teeth. The subtle stains and incisal
translucency added, are what make an opalescent porcelain
veneer look believably natural.

66. CASTABLE CERAMIC
The best documented member of this group is Dicor
System (Trubyte Dentsply) which is a micaceous glass
ceramic.
Restoration are produced with the lost wax technique
and centrifugal casting of heat-treated glass ceramic.
Dicor causes less wear of opposing dentition than that
of reinforced conventional porcelain.

67. CEROMERS
Normal mastication puts enormous pressure on opposing
dentition and when conventional porcelain comes in contact
with tooth enamel, serious wear damage can occur.
CERamic optimized PolyMER.
Provides Beauty and aesthetic of ceramics and shade
control of resin.
Prevents the opposing tooth wear.
Can be used in
1. Crowns
2. Inlays
3. Onlays
4. Implant superstructure

68. LITHIUM ION STRENGTHENING OF DENTAL
PORCELAIN
UP Vol 8 No 3 1995
Disadvantages of Ceramic materials is the low tensile
strength when unsupported and subjected to occlusal
loading there is a tendency to fracture.
Thermal tempering and ion exchange have been used
to improve the mechanical properties of existing dental
porcelain.
A low thermal expansion surface
layer that is placed in
compression on cooling, thus
increases resistance to tensile
strengths
The replacement of
monovalent ions at the surface
of the
glass with larger ions.

69. Advantages:
Compressive strength is generated in the surface
layer and decrease the tendency towards crack
propagation.

70. EVALUATION OF A NEW OPAQUE SYSTEM FOR METAL
CERAMIC RESTORATION
UP Vol 8 No 2 1995
Vita VMK-Paint-On 88 opaque and Opaque P are two
conventional opaque systems. Recently a new opaque
system called BIOPAQUE become commercially
available. This opaque system can be directly applied to
metal surface without mining and condensing. It offers
easy application and decrease working time.
Advantage: uniform thickness and excellent opacity

71. NONMETAL POST SYSTEMS
Dental Update - Sept 2001
COMPOSITES POST SYSTEM
CERAMIC POST SYSTEM

72. COMPOSITE POST SYSTEM
Composed of fibers of carbon or silica surrounded by
matrix of polymer resin.
The philosophy behind the use of these materials lies in
the belief that a post should mimic the dentin of the
root in its physical properties, distribute the stresses
imposed in the root in most favorable ways to reduce
chances of root fracture.

73. 1. Composipost : Composed of 8mm pretensed (fibers
arranged longitudinally within epoxy resins. The
bundles are produced industrially and then
machined into desired shape. Radiopaque in
characteristic.

74. 2. Carbonite (1.2, 1.35, 1.5mm)
Differ from composipost in that bundles of fibers 6mm
in diameter, braided together with epoxy matrix
Arrangement gives increase Resistance to bending and
torsion compared with parallel fiber arrangement.

75. 3. Mirafit Carbon : Identical to Carbonite.
4. Aesthetipost : Central core of carbonfibre
surrounded by quartz fibers
5. Aesthetiplus post : Consisting entirely of Quartz
fiber. More recently this company has produced a
translucent quartz fiber post designed to permit light
curing unit materials to be used for luting.
6. Snow post (l.mm,1.2mm, 1.4mm)
Composed of 60% longitudinally arranged silica
zirconium glass fibers in epoxy resins. The surface is t/t
with silane to enhance bonding with resin cements.
Cylindrical in shape with 3 ° taper at apex.
7. Light transmitting post

76. CERAMIC POST SYSTEM
• Tough and aesthetic material to support all ceramic
units.
Cosmpost (1.4mm, 1.7mm) : Cylindrically shaped with
a conical tip lvoclar/ Vivadent.
• Posts have smooth surfaces and are subsequently t/t
to roughen the surface which increased Bond
strength between post and core.

77. FLEXIBLE CAST FOR FABRICATION OF MULTIPLE POST
COPING OVEROENTURE
RESTORATION
JPD March 1999 Vol 81 No 3
• Post Coping Restoration can be fabricated using a direct,
indirect or combination direct -indirect method.

78. Custom post is fabricated directly into the root cannal space
with pattern resin (Duralay). Core is also fabricated minimal
Retentive grooves are placed in resin pattern core to look
the post into the impression material.
After placing the gingival retraction cord around the teeth
to provide access to intracrevicular margins,
an impression is made with Polyether Elastomeric
Impression Material.
Lightly lubricate the posts with petrolleum jelly and a
flexible working cast is poured with Mach 2 die system
using 2 stage pouring Technique.
After 6mins the flexible cast is seperated and die is made
new fabrication of coping is done on the cast
using an indirect method

79. Ivoclar ceramic denture teeth

80. IMPROVEMENTS IN ALGINATES
1. Flavour Added - Spearmint / Mango / Mint
2. Rapid Set - Hydrogum Normal Set - Neocolloid
3. Dust free - Aliginoplast
4. Chromatic Alginate - TRIALGIN / KROMALGIN
5. Paste form - (Catalyst + Base)
6. Alginate Containing Microbials
1) Chlorhexidine
2) Quantanary Aluminium (Components

81. IMPRESSION MATERIAL MIXING INSTRUMENT
PENTAMIX 2
Faster dimension for perfect mixing. System for
automatic mixing and dispensing.
Advantages :
a) Top quality mix in less time
b) More flexible mix
c) Homogenous void free mix
d) Direct filling of syringes and Trays
When changing impression materials cartridges
have to be changed and change penta mixing tip.

82. INVESTING MATERIALS
CARBON FREE, PHOSPHATE BONDED
INVESTMENT
(A) GC FUJIVEST SUPER
A carbon-free phosphate bonded investment for
precision castings of precious semiprecious and lead base
alloys for use in both quick heating and slow heating
procedure.
Advantages :
a) With special attention to complicated implant casting
b) Carbon free creamy consistency
c) High fluidity and wettability
d) Very smooth surface
e) Controllable expansion

83. B) GC FUJIVEST II
A carbon free phosphate bonded investment for precision
crowns and bridge castings of all dental alloys for use in both
quick and slow heating process.
Advantages :
a) Carbon free
b) High fluidity + Wettability
c) Controlled setting + Thermal Expansion
d) Smooth surface
e) Detailed Reproduction
f) Ringless Technique possible in both slow and quick heating
process

84. (C) GC Stellavest
Same as GC FUJIVEST 11

85. BITE REGISTRATION MATERIAL
GC EXABITE
• Polyvinyl siloxane silicone impression material with
properties specially adjusted to the requirement of
Bite Registration.
Advantages
1. Fast reliable mixing and application directly from
cartridges.
2. Thixotropic properties with ideal balance between
stability and fluidity.
3. Extremely accurate reproduction of details.

86. RAMITEC PENTA
• Polyether impression material for Bite registration for
automatic mixing and dispensing in PENTAMIX
SYSTEM.
Advantages
• 1. Automatic mixing and dispensing with PENTAMIX
unit.
• Absolutely homogenous and void free mixing at the
touch of a button.

87. DIMENSION BITE 60 seconds
Extremely fast setting Addition-cured silicone with high
ultimate hardness.
Advantages
l. Extremely short ST of 60 secs.
2. Automatic mixing in new GARNAT 2 SYSTEM.

88. MAXILLOFACIAL MATERIAL
• Series of Co-polymers for methylmethacrylate have been
introduced. Another is Ter polymer for the use as a synthetic
acrylic latex to form a skin over elastomer scaffolding.
Polydimethylsiloxane and various proprietary silicones are
premost in clinical usage, particularly where flexible tissue
anatomic reconstructing is needed.
There are two basic types
(A) RTV - Room Temperature Vulcanizing
(B) HTV - Heat Vulcanizing.
Some new structural polymers
1. Silphenylene Elastomers
2. Chlorinated Polyethylene.

89. FLASKING STONE
GC ADVASTONE
Specially designed for flasking techniques in
denture fabrication
Advantages :
a) Minimal Setting Expansion
b) Comfortable Working time
c) High compressive strength
d) Yet diminished strength after setting for easy
devesting
e) Excellent Accuracy

90. GC STONE GLAZE LIQUID
Stone Glaze liquid specifically designed for
increasing surface detail recording of GC
Fujirock EP plaster/white
Advantages :
a) Better visibility of details
b) First class presentation of prosthesis
c) Bio compatible.

91. RESIN REINFORCED GLASS-IONOMER
LUITING CEMENT
Due to complication of Resin + GIC this material provide wide variety
of application possibilities.
Indicated for luting all kinds of metal and Acrylic/Resin crowns, inlays,
onlays and bridges as well as luting of Porcelain ceramic inlays.
Advantages :
Easy mixing and handling like conventional cement.
Similar mechanical properties to Resin cement
Elimination of complex and moisture sensitive bonding procedure.
Good adhesion to metal, resin and silanated porcelain.
No post operative sensitivity.
Optimal Marginal Seal.
Radiopacity.

92. Intraoral Camera
• The intraoral camera is a new technology that is
gaining popularity as not only an educational tool
for patients, but as an additional way for the
dentist to detect dental problems earlier. The
intraoral camera is a tiny camera on the end of a
hand-held tool. As the dentist manipulates the
tool in the patient’s mouth, the images from the
camera are projected on to a computer screen for
the patient to watch.

93. Velscope for Detection of Oral Cancer
• The Velscope shines a blue light from a hand-
held device on the tissue of the mouth.
Normal tissue absorbs the light and re-emits a
pale green light. Abnormal tissue appears to
be dark or a dark brown color.

94. Waterlase MD
• For those that hate the dentist’s drill (and who doesn’t),
there is an alternative called Waterlase MD. Unlike the drill,
which generates heat and can induce pain, Waterlase MD
uses a laser with a high pressure air/water spray.
• According to BIOLASE, the company that developed it, this
new technology is more precise and generates less blood
than a scalpel. Even better, a joint study by BIOLASE and
Temple University, found that Waterlase MD was “capable
of reducing the level of infection in root canals and
adjacent infected dentin by up to 99.7 percent.”

95. Nanotechnology
• Nanotechnologies are increasingly used for
surface modifications of dental implants.
Another approach to enhance osseointegration
is the application of thin calcium phosphate
(CaP) coatings. Bioactive CaP nanocrystals
deposited on titanium implants are resorbable
and stimulate bone apposition and healing.
Future nanometer controlled surfaces may
ultimately direct the nature of peri-implant
tissues and improve their clinical success rate.

96. Bone replacement materials
• It is this natural nanostructure that
nanotechnology aims to emulate for
orthopedic and dental applications. The
smaller the particle is, the larger the surface
area is in volume. Nano-Bone® uses this
principle.

97. Composites:
Nanosized particle fillers increases the property
of the material.
More esthetic results and lustrous.

98. Tissue engineering
• Tissue loss due to trauma, disease or congenital abnormalities
is a major health care problem worldwide. When this occurs
in the craniofacial region, it induces serious physiological and
psychological consequences on patients.
• In this approach of tissue reconstruction, the native totipotent
un differentiated stem cells are harvested and stored in
cryostorage and then used for our disposal in case of
unfortunate events.

99. • Cell injection therapy:
Embryonic stem cells having great potential in
regenerative medicine is used.
These cells are implanted into the area of defect
and exposed to cell initiating factors, to which
these cells starts to differentiate and regenerate
the lost tissues.

100. • Cell induction therapy:
The totipotent cells are shifted or recruited from
the circulating body cells to regenerate the tissues.
Example of factors - fibroblasts growth factors-2
and 9 (FGFs-2 and -9), transforming growth factors
β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factors
(VEGFs), recombinant human
growth/differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5)13 and
bone morphogenetic protein.

101. • Cells scaffolding therapy

102. Conclusion
• Dentistry has come a long way since the days
of manual tools and chemical-laden x-rays.
Now there is state-of the- art technology to
diagnose oral cancer better, reduce possible
infection, and catch dental problems faster
than in the past. Patients also can experience
less discomfort, less numbness downtime, less
exposure to radiation–as well as be better
informed regarding their dental work in real
time.

103. Thank You