7.2 & 7.3 Nearpod - Hulk
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The document provides information about half-life, parent and daughter isotopes, decay curves, and radiocarbon dating. It defines half-life as the time it takes for half the mass of a radioactive substance to decay. Decay curves show the decay rate of radioisotopes over time, with shorter half-lives indicating faster decay. Parent isotopes undergo radioactive decay to form stable daughter isotopes. Radiocarbon dating uses the carbon-14 isotope to date organic material up to 50,000 years old. The document also includes sample questions to test understanding.
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Ch 25 notes
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Chapter20
This chapter discusses nuclear chemistry and covers topics like radioactivity, nuclear reactions, and nuclear stability. It defines radioactivity as the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei through radioactive decay. Nuclear reactions include radioactive decay and nuclear bombardment reactions where a nucleus is bombarded by another particle. The chapter explores factors that contribute to nuclear stability, such as the strong nuclear force and shell model of the nucleus. It also covers different types of radioactive decay, nuclear equations, and applications of radioactive isotopes in areas like dating and medicine. The learning objectives provide details on key concepts and skills covered in the chapter.
Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry Section 2 1Updated (1).pptx
This document discusses types of radioactivity and nuclear decay. It describes alpha, beta, gamma radiation and positron emission. It explains that alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, beta particles are high energy electrons, and gamma rays are high energy electromagnetic radiation without mass or charge. Nuclear decay occurs through radioactive processes like alpha, beta, gamma or positron emission. The rate of radioactive decay is measured by half-life, which is the time for half of a radioactive sample to decay. Radioisotope dating uses half-lives of elements like carbon-14, potassium-40 and uranium-238 to determine the age of materials.
Radioactive Elements
Radioactive elements undergo radioactive decay, where the nucleus of an atom gives off energy or particles. There are three main types of radioactive decay:
1) Alpha decay emits protons and neutrons.
2) Beta decay emits electrons.
3) Gamma decay emits electromagnetic waves.
Gamma decay can only be stopped by thick metals like lead, while alpha and beta decay can be stopped by thinner materials. Radioactive elements tend to be unstable and have high atomic numbers above 83. Isotopes are variants of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, and some isotopes are radioactive.
Nearpod science 7.2 and 7.3
1. The document discusses concepts related to radioactive decay including half-life, carbon dating, and nuclear reactions.
2. Half-life is defined as the amount of time it takes for half the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay, and decay rates follow a pattern called a decay curve.
3. Carbon dating works by measuring the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in once-living organisms, since carbon-14 decays after death while carbon-12 remains constant.
Chapter 9
The document discusses the nature of radioactivity including the three main types of nuclear radiation (alpha, beta, gamma) and their properties. It describes different types of nuclear decay including alpha emission, beta emission, gamma emission, electron capture, and positron emission. Examples of radioactive isotopes used in dating and medicine are provided along with information on half-life, units of radiation measurement, and applications of radioisotopes. Review questions at the end assess understanding of nuclear equations, half-life calculations, and the inverse square law of radiation intensity.
Ch18 z7e nuclear
This document provides a summary of key concepts in nuclear chemistry, including:
1) Nuclear stability and radioactive decay involve the emission of particles like alpha and beta from unstable nuclei. Different types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma) require different shielding methods.
2) Radioactive decay follows first-order kinetics and half-life is used to describe the rate of decay. Carbon-14 dating and lead-uranium dating use radioactive half-lives to determine the age of materials.
3) Nuclear reactions like fission and fusion release large amounts of energy. Fission is the splitting of heavy nuclei like uranium-235 and is used in nuclear power reactors. Fusion combines light nuclei and occurs in
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Option C Nuclear Physics, Radioactive decay and half life
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7.2 & 7.3 Nearpod - Hulk
- 1. 7.2 Half-Life What will we learn? -What are daughter isotopes? -What is the decay curve? -What is half-life? -What are parent isotopes? -What is radiocarbon dating?
- 2. Half-Life is the time it takes for half of the mass of a substance to decay. Shows the rate of radioactive decay for different isotopes. Short half-life = Fast decay rate Knowing the half-life of an isotope allows radioisotope dating to be possible 7.2 Half-Life
- 3. A decay curve shows the decay rate for radioisotopes Graphing any isotope’s decay rate will produce the same curve, the only difference is how long the half-life is Decay Curve
- 4. The parent isotope = isotope that undergoes radioactive decay The daughter isotope = stable product of radioactive decay It may take several decays for a parent isotope to produce stable daughter isotopes The most common of these parent/daughter pairs are shown in the Common Isotope Pairs Chart These isotopes can all be used in radioisotope dating, for various dating ranges Parent & Daughter Isotopes
- 5. This is the method used to date organic material Uses the isotope carbon-14, which has a half-life of 5730 years, and decays into nitrogen-14 Can date material up to 50000 years old Radiocarbon Dating
- 6. 7.2 Quiz 1. How much of a sample of 100g of Carbon-14 will be left after 22920 years? a) 50g b) 25g c) 12.5g d) 6.25g 2. What is the daughter isotope of Uranium-235 when it decays? a) nitrogen-14 b) lead-207 c) argon-40 d) lead-206
- 7. 7.2 Answers 1. How much of a sample of 100g of Carbon-14 will be left after 22920 years? a) 50g b) 25g c) 12.5g d) 6.25g 2. What is the daughter isotope of Uranium-235 when it decays? a) nitrogen-14 b) lead-207 c) argon-40 d) lead-206
- 8. Video:
- 9. 7.3 Nuclear Reactions What will we learn? -What is a chain reaction? -What is fission? -What is fusion? -What is a nuclear equation? -What is a nuclear reaction?
- 10. Nuclear Fission The splitting of a nuclei into two smaller nuclei, subatomic particles and energy Heavy nuclei are unstable because of protons’ repulsive forces May split into smaller atoms to become stable All nuclear power generation comes from nuclear fission Nuclear waste must be stored away for hundreds of thousands of years
- 11. Nuclear Fusion The joining of two nuclei to form a larger nuclei Happens in the core of stars Requires high pressure and temperature In our Sun, hydrogen-2 and hydrogen-3 fuse into helium-4 Currently not a feasible way of generating electricity
- 12. Nuclear Reaction A reaction that changes the nucleus of an atom Gains or releases particles or energy Can release electrons, protons, neutrons, or gamma rays Small change of mass = Large change of energy
- 13. Chain Reaction One reaction starts the next reaction Reaction continues on its own Releases a large amount of energy, possibly leading to an explosion if not controlled Can be controlled by materials that absorb neutrons, such as cadmium
- 14. Nuclear Equation Sum of mass numbers on both sides of the equation must be equal Sum of charges/atomic numbers on both sides of the equation must be equal Equation for nuclear fission of uranium-235: Equation for nuclear fusion of hydrogen-2 and hydrogen-3:
- 15. 7.3 Quiz 1. What is the missing atomic mass? a) 6 b) 7 c) 14 d) 15 2. What is the missing atomic number? a) 92 b) 90 c) 93 d) 234 3. What type of radiation caused Bruce Banner to turn into the Hulk? a) Alpha b) Beta c) Gamma d) Neutron
- 16. 7.3 Answers 1. What is the missing atomic mass? a) 6 b) 7 c) 14 d) 15 2. What is the missing atomic number? a) 92 b) 90 c) 93 d) 234 3. What type of radiation caused Bruce Banner to turn into the Hulk? a) Alpha b) Beta c) Gamma d) Neutron
- 17. Video:
- 18. End