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OORRTTHHOOGGNNAATTHHIICC MMAANNDDIIBBUULLAARR 
SSUURRGGEERRYY 
 DDrr VV..RRAAMMKKUUMMAARR 
 CCOONNSSUULLTTAANNTT 
DDEENNTTAALL 
&&FFAACCIIOOMMAAXXIILLLLAARRYY 
SSUURRGGEEOONN 
 RREEGG NNOO::44111188-- 
TTAAMMIILLNNAADDUU-- 
IINNDDIIAA((AASSIIAA))
Etiology 
SSyymmmmeettrriiccaall mmaallffoorrmmaattiioonnss 
CCoonnggeenniittaall 
Mand. Prognathism 
Severe Retrognathism 
Condylar Agenesis 
AAccqquuiirreedd 
Infl. disease of condyles 
Severe Condylar Trauma
Etiology 
AAssyymmmmeettrriiccaall MMaallffoorrmmaattiioonnss 
Congenital 
Hemihypertrophy of mand. 
Condylar Hyperplasia 
Craniofacial Microsomia 
Acquired 
Infections 
Trauma 
Ankylosis 
PPaatthhoollooggiiccaall CCaauusseess 
Plexiform Neurofibromatosis 
Fibrous Dysplasia
QQuuaannttiittaattiivvee CCrriitteerriiaa 
Type of Surgery Bone: soft tissues 
 Le fort I = 3 : 1 
 Le fort II = 3 : 2 
 Le fort III = 1 : 1 
 Aug Genioplasty = 1 : 1(+/-) 
 Slid. Genioplasty = 1 : 1(consistent)
QQuuaannttiittaattiivvee CCrriitteerriiaa
TThhee RRuullee ooff FFiifftthhss
MMaannddiibbuullaarr DDeeffiicciieennccyy 
II.. MMiiccrrooggeenniiaa == Simple retrusion of chin 
II. RReettrrooggeenniiaa == Deficient chin profile 
Stevens(1968) 
I Degree = < 10 mm 
II Degree = 10 – 20 mm 
III Degree = > 20 mm
III. Sagittal Mandibular Deficiencies 
IV. Mandibular deficiency 
Low Angle type 
High Angle type 
Cont…
MMaannddiibbuullaarr EExxcceessss 
I. Asymmetric Mand Protrusion 
With Open bite 
Without Open bite 
II. Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia 
Elongation of condylar neck 
Deviation of chin to normal side 
Lip line slopes to affected side & cross bite on 
unaffected side
MMaannddiibbuullaarr EExxcceessss 
III. Mandibular Hemihypertrophy 
Lower border at lower level than affected side 
Marked Convexity or Bowing 
Little or no displacement of chin 
No midline deviation
GGEENNEERRAALL PPRRIINNCCIIPPLLEESS 
Access ( Primarily Intra-oral). 
Adequate Exposure. 
Good Postoperative Cosmesis. 
Good Postoperative Function. 
Preservation of essential structures. 
Maintenance of adequate nutrition and 
waste elimination.
MMaannddiibbuullaarr OOsstteeoottoommiieess 
 BBooddyy oosstteeoottoommyy ((oosstteeccttoommyy)) 
 SSoowwrraayy--HHaasskkeellll 
mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn 
 VVeerrttiiccaall ssuubbssiiggmmooiidd oosstteeoottoommyy 
 IInnttrroorraall ((IIVVRROO)) 
 EExxttrraaoorraall 
 SSaaggiittttaall sspplliitt oosstteeoottoommyy 
 OObbwweeggeesseerr//DDaallppoonntt;; 
BBeellll//EEppkkeerr;; HHuunnssuucckk 
 IInnvveerrtteedd LL--rraammuuss oosstteeoottoommyy 
 VVaarriiaattiioonnss 
 PPoosstt ccoonnddyyllaarr ggrraaffttss
MMaannddiibbuullaarr sseettbbaacckk oosstteeoottoommiieess
MMaannddiibbuullaarr aaddvvaanncceemmeenntt 
oosstteeoottoommiieess
BBiillaatteerraall SSaaggiittttaall SSpplliitt OOsstteeoottoommyy 
 Introduced by Trauner & Obwegeser(1957) 
 Obwegeser ( 1964) 
 Modified by Dal Pont(1961) & 
Hunsuck(1968) 
 Use of natural plane of cleavage between 
buccal and lingual plates 
 Movements possible: Ant, Post & Rotations.
TTeecchhnniiqquuee 
Incision & Exposure 
Corticotomy 
Corticotomy check 
Division by osteotome ( Wedge action) 
Nerve identification & preservation 
Release of musculature 
Control of bleeding 
Fixation 
Closure 
Post-op care
Bilateral SSaaggiittttaall SSpplliitt OOsstteeoottoommyy 
Bony Cuts
Bilateral SSaaggiittttaall SSpplliitt OOsstteeoottoommyy 
ADVANCEMEN 
T
The sagittal split 
osteotomy 
Obwegeser/dal 
Pont 
Bell/Epker 
procedure
Screw fixation for the sagittal split
The sagittal split advancement
Plate 
fixation
The reconstruction plate
Bilateral SSaaggiittttaall SSpplliitt OOsstteeoottoommyy
EExxttrraaoorraall vveerrttiiccaall ssuubbssiiggmmooiidd 
oosstteeoottoommyy
Vertical Ramus 
Osteotomy 
Coronoidectom 
y
Retraction for the 
extraoral and intraoral 
V.S.S.
The inverted 
L osteotomy
Bone Grafting
IInncciissiioonn lliinnee –– bbooddyy oosstteeccttoommyy
Ramus Osteotomy
Angle 
Osteotomy
GGeenniiooppllaassttyy 
Indications 
Retrogenia 
Bird-face appearance 
Prominent gonial angle 
Shortened vertical ramus height
PPrroocceedduurreess 
 Sliding Horizontal Osteotomy 
 Double Horizontal Osteotomy 
 Hinge sliding Osteotomy 
 Oblique ( advancement) Osteotomy 
 Jumping Genioplasty 
 Wedge Osteotomy 
 Propeller Genioplasty
PPrroocceedduurreess 
 Triple Osteotomy 
 Quadruple Osteotomy 
 Genioplasty using Grafts 
 Kole’s Procedure
LLoowweerr LLaabbiiaall SSeeggmmeennttaall OOsstteeoottoommiieess 
 Anterior Mandibular Subapical 
Osteotomies (AMSO) 
 AMSO with vertical alveolar osteotomy 
 Vertical alveolar osteotomy 
 Kole’s Procedure 
 Symphyseal Ostectomy 
 Anterior Mandibuloplasty
Lower Sub-apical 
Osteotomy
IInncciissiioonnss
BBuurr hhoollee 
MMaarrkkiinnggss 
EExxppoossuurree
OOsstteeoottoommyy 
ccuuttss 
NNeerrvvee BBuunnddllee 
RReeppoossiittiioonniinngg
KKoollee’’ss PPrroocceedduurree 
 Correction of minor degrees of AOB. 
 Class 3 malocclusion 
 Inferior border into defect caused due to 
upward movement of ant. segment 
 Chin augmentation 
 Decreased ant. facial height
7 mandibular osteotomies

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7 mandibular osteotomies