This document discusses techniques for localizing objects using radiography. It describes common reasons for needing to localize foreign bodies or other objects like unerupted teeth, fractures, or tumors. Two main techniques are described: Miller's technique which uses two radiographs at right angles, and Clark's tube-shift technique which analyzes how an object's image shifts when the projection angle is changed. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are provided.

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4.  Foreign bodies
 Impacted, unerupted teeth
 Supernumerary teeth
 Broken needles
 Retained roots
 Fractures of maxillofacial structures
 Soft tissue calcifications
 Intra-osseous tumors
 Calculi in gland/duct of gland
 Filling materials in alveolar process

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 Miller’s Technique/ Right angle Technique
 Clark’s Technique/ Tube-shift Technique

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Usually Indicated for Mandibular Third molar
area
Two radiographs made are positioned at right
angles to each other

8. LOCALIZES in 3 Dimensions
DISADVANTAGES
Can be used in maxilla but not that useful
like in mandible due to superimpositions

9. FISSURE BUR

10. FOREIGN BODY

11. WATERS VIEW LATERAL VIEW

12. INTRA OSSEOUS TUMOURS
Occlusal
Lateral view view

13. Lateral
oblique
Occlusal view

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Tube shift technique ,
C.A. Clark
PRINCIPLE
Relative positions of radiographic images of two
separate objects changes ,when projection angle at which
images were made, is changed

17. The image of Tooth that is farther away from X-ray
tube(lingual) moves in same direction as
tube and Image of Tooth closer to X-ray tube
(Buccal) moves in opposite direction

18. SSLLOOBB

20. Lingual body moves
in same direction SSLLOOBB

22. Buccal body
moves in opposite
direction
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23.  SAME LINGUAL OPPOSITE BUCCAL