6.-Present-Participles.ppt
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The document discusses present and past participles in verbs. It explains that a present participle ending in "-ing" can be either part of a verb when accompanied by a form of "to be", or an adjective when not. A past participle ending in "-ed" can also be part of a verb when accompanied by "have" or "be", or an adjective when not. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses of present and past participles.
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The document discusses present and past participles. It explains that participles are verb forms used as adjectives to describe nouns by answering questions like what kind, how many, and which one. It provides examples of present participles like "running" describing the noun "track" and past participles like "tired" describing the noun "animal." It notes that participles can come before or after the nouns they modify and gives examples of irregular past participles used as adjectives, like "burnt," "forgotten," and "fallen."
Compound nouns
Compound nouns are made up of two or more words that act as a single unit. They can be open, hyphenated, or closed. Common types are noun+noun or adjective+noun combinations, but there are other possibilities. It is important to understand compound nouns because they are treated as single units that can be modified by other words. Examples include bus stop, fire-fly, football, full moon, blackboard, and software. Stress is usually on the first word to distinguish compound nouns from other constructions.
The Imperative and 'Let'
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Uses of the infinitive with to
This document discusses different uses of the infinitive with "to" in English. It explains that the infinitive with "to" can be used:
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It provides examples for each case and notes that a negative infinitive takes "not" before the infinitive. Finally, it lists some common verbs that are followed by the infinitive.
Non Defining Clauses
This document defines and compares defining and non-defining relative clauses. Defining relative clauses provide essential information about a noun, while non-defining clauses provide extra, non-essential information between commas. Defining clauses do not use commas and allow the word "that", while non-defining clauses require commas and do not allow "that". Common relative pronouns include who, which, whose, when, and where, with who referring to people and which referring to things. Examples are provided to illustrate the differences.
Past continuous
The document discusses the past continuous tense in English. It begins by explaining the basic form uses "was/were" plus the present participle. It then discusses several uses of the past continuous including: describing actions that lasted for some time in the past; interrupted actions; actions happening simultaneously; expressing irritation; and asking polite questions. It provides examples for each use and explains how to form past continuous statements, questions, and negative sentences.
Past Perfect
The document provides information about the past perfect tense, including its uses, formation, and examples. It is used to refer to something that happened before a specific past action or time. The past perfect is formed using the past simple of "have" and the past participle of the main verb. Examples are provided to illustrate referring to events that took place before other past events. Exercises are included for readers to practice forming the past perfect in sentences.
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The document discusses present and past participles. It explains that participles are verb forms used as adjectives to describe nouns by answering questions like what kind, how many, and which one. It provides examples of present participles like "running" describing the noun "track" and past participles like "tired" describing the noun "animal." It notes that participles can come before or after the nouns they modify and gives examples of irregular past participles used as adjectives, like "burnt," "forgotten," and "fallen."
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Past Perfect
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- 2. PRESENT PARTICIPLES A Present participle is the –ing form if the verb (talking, playing). In the structure section of the TOEFL test a present participle can cause confusion because it can be either a part of the verb or an adjective. It is part of the verb when it is preceded by some form of the verb be. The man is talking ti is friend. VERB In this sentence talking is part of the verb because it is accompanied by is. A present participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of the verb be. The man talking to his friend has a beard. ADJECTIVE In this sentence talking is an adjective and not part of the verb because it is not accompanied by some form of be. The verb in this sentence is has
- 3. A present participle is the –ing form of the verb. The present participle can be (1) part of the verb or (2) an adjective; It is part of the verb when it is accompanied by some form of the verb be. It is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of the verb be. 1. The boy is standing in the corner 2. The boy standing in the corner was naughty.
- 4. PAST PARTICIPLES Past participle can cause confusion in the structure section of the TOEFL test because a past participle can be either an adjective or a part of a verb. The past participle is the form of the verb that appears with have or be. It often ends in – ed, but there are also many irregular past participles in English. (See Appendix F for a list of irregulat past participles.) The family has purchased a television. VERB The poem was written by Paul VERB In the first sentence the past participle purchased is part od the verb because it is accompanied by has. In the second sentence the past participle written is part of the verb because it is accompanied by was. A past participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of be or have. The televiosn purchased yesterday was wxpensive.
- 5. PAST PARTICIPLES A past participle often ends in –ed verbs, the simple past and the past participle are the same and can be easily confused. The –ed form of the verb can be (1) the simple past, (2) the past partiuciple of a verb, or (3) an adjective. 1. She painted this picture. 2. She has painted this picture. 3. The picture painted by Karen is now in a museum.