This document discusses the present and past participles of verbs in English. The present participle ends in "-ing" and is used to form progressive tenses and can function as a gerund or adjective. The past participle usually ends in "-ed" for regular verbs and takes other forms for irregular verbs, and is used to form perfect tenses and the passive voice, and can also be used as an adjective. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses of present and past participles.

1. PresentandPastParticiple
Adjectives
(not in the textbook)

2. Verbshavepresent
andpastparticiples.
verb present
participle
(simple
past form)
past
participle
go going (went) gone
talk talking (talked) talked
sing singing (sang) sung
study studying (studied) studied
have having (had) had
like liking (liked) liked
eat eating (ate) eaten
see seeing (saw) seen
interest interesting (interested) interested

3. Thepresent
participleisthe
–ingform.
It’s used for
progressive
tenses:
It’s used as a
gerund (noun):
It may be an
adjective:
The children
were singing.
We heard the
sound of
singing.
We heard
singing birds.

4. Thepastparticipleis
the -edformfor
regularverbs,or
anotherformfor
irregularverbs.
It is used for
perfect tenses:
It is used for
the passive
voice:
It may be an
adjective:
Somebody has
stolen my car.
My car has
been stolen.
You have to
report the
stolen car to the
police.

5. Sometransitiveverbs
havebothpresent
andpastparticiple
adjectives.
Verb: Present
participle
adjective:
Past participle
adjective:
Be careful not
to break the
glass.
I listen to the
radio for
breaking news.
Can you mend
this broken
dish?
Old movies
interest me.
That is an
interesting old
movie.
We were very
interested in
the old movie.

6. Makeasentence
usingtheverb:
Subject Transitive verb Object
The news surprises me.

7. Thepresent
participleadjective
describesthesubject
oftheverbinthat
sentence:
Subject Transitive verb Object
The news surprises me.
The news is surprising.

8. Thepastparticiple
adjectivedescribes
theobjectofthe
verb:
Subject Transitive verb Object
The news surprises me.
I am surprised.

9. Makeasentence
usingtheverb:
Subject Transitive verb Object
This lesson interests us.

10. Thepresent
participleadjective
describesthesubject
oftheverb:
Subject Transitive verb Object
This lesson interests us.
This lesson is interesting.

11. Thepastparticiple
adjectivedescribes
theobjectofthe
verb:
Subject Transitive verb Object
This lesson interests us.
We are interested in the lesson.

12. Makeasentence
usingtheverb:
Subject Transitive verb Object
My job tires me.

13. Thepresent
participleadjective
describesthesubject
oftheverb:
Subject Transitive verb Object
My job tires me.
My job is tiring.

14. Thepastparticiple
adjectivedescribes
theobjectofthe
verb:
Subject Transitive verb Object
My job tires me.
I am tired.