This document provides an overview of a talk on future trends in 5G and 6G wireless technology. It discusses the evolution from 1G to 5G mobile networks and the key capabilities of 5G such as speeds up to 1 Gbps. 6G is envisioned to enable holographic communication, be integrated with AI, and support a wide range of new applications through delivering ultra-high reliability and low latency. Critical research areas for 6G include new spectrum bands, advanced physical layer techniques like holographic radio, and achieving the key performance targets needed for services like telepresence.
5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems, abbreviated 5G, are the proposed next telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standards.
An initial chip design by Qualcomm in October 2016, the Snapdragon X50 5G modem, supports operations in the 28 GHz band, also known as millimetre wave (mmW) spectrum. With 800 MHz bandwidth support, it is designed to support peak download speeds of up to 35.46 gigabits per second.
5G planning aims at higher capacity than current 4G, allowing a higher density of mobile broadband users, and supporting device-to-device, ultra reliable, and massive machine communications.
5G research and development also aims at lower latency than 4G equipment and lower battery consumption, for better implementation of the Internet of things
INTERNET OF THINGS
. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction
The 5th generation wireless technology, abbreviated as 5G, are the proposed next telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G Advanced standards. The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance defines the following requirements:
The data rates of tens of megabits per second for tens of thousands of users
Data rates of 100 megabits per second for metropolitan areas
5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems, abbreviated 5G, are the proposed next telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standards.
An initial chip design by Qualcomm in October 2016, the Snapdragon X50 5G modem, supports operations in the 28 GHz band, also known as millimetre wave (mmW) spectrum. With 800 MHz bandwidth support, it is designed to support peak download speeds of up to 35.46 gigabits per second.
5G planning aims at higher capacity than current 4G, allowing a higher density of mobile broadband users, and supporting device-to-device, ultra reliable, and massive machine communications.
5G research and development also aims at lower latency than 4G equipment and lower battery consumption, for better implementation of the Internet of things
INTERNET OF THINGS
. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction
The 5th generation wireless technology, abbreviated as 5G, are the proposed next telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G Advanced standards. The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance defines the following requirements:
The data rates of tens of megabits per second for tens of thousands of users
Data rates of 100 megabits per second for metropolitan areas
This is the second part of my 5G project which consists of the architecture structure of 5G. What all it consists of, what all technologies it uses, what all layers it contain etc.
We are looking at the future of technology that has the structure of Nanocore, beneficial for future applications.
5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
This is the second part of my 5G project which consists of the architecture structure of 5G. What all it consists of, what all technologies it uses, what all layers it contain etc.
We are looking at the future of technology that has the structure of Nanocore, beneficial for future applications.
5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Gen AI Study Jams _ For the GDSC Leads in India.pdf
Presentation1.pptx
1. A talk at
ISTE approved One Week STTP
on
“Future Trends in 5G and 6G: Challenges, Architecture
and Applications”
Next Generation 5G & 6G: Shaping
the Future of Connectivity
Presented by
Suhas Kakade
17/08/2023
2. Outline
• Introduction
• Evolution of Wireless Communication
• 5G Technology
• 6G Technology
• AI and 6G
• Holographic communication
• Ethical and Social Considerations
• Future Implications and Impacts
• Conclusion
4. 1G
Developed in 1980s & completed in
early 1990s
Based on analog system
Speed up to 2.4 kbps
AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched
by the US & it was the 1G mobile system
Allows user to make voice calls in 1 country
5. 2G
Developed in late 1980s & completed in
late 1990s
Based on digital system
Speed up to 64 kbps
Services such are digital voice & SMS with more clarity
Semi global facility
2G are the handsets we are using today, with 2.5G
having more capabilities
6. 3G
Developed between late 1990s & early 2000s until
present day
Transmission speed from 125 kbps to 2 Mbps
Superior voice quality
Good clarity in video conference
E-mail, PDA, information surfing, on-line
shopping/ banking, games, etc.
Global roaming
7. 4G
Developed in 2010
Faster & more reliable
Speed up to 100 Mbps
High performance
Easy roaming
Low cost
8. 5G
Next major phase of mobile telecommunication &
wireless system
10 times more capacity others
Expected speed up to 1 Gbps
More faster & reliable than 4G
Lower cost than previous generations
11. What is 5G?
• 5G Wireless: 5th generation wireless technology.
• Complete wireless communication with almost no
limitations.
• Can be called REAL wireless world.
• Has incredible transmission speed.
• Concept is only theory not real.
12. What does it offer?
• Worldwide cellular phones
• Extraordinary data capabilities
• High connectivity
• More power & features in hand held phones
• Large phone memory, more dialing speed, more clarity
in audio & video
13. Key concepts
Real wireless world with no more limitations with
access & zone issues
Wearable devices
IPv6, where a visiting care of mobile IP address is
assigned according to location & connected network
One unified global standard
Smart radio
The user can simultaneously be connected with several
wireless access technology
Multiple concurrent data transfer path
15. Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)
• OSI layer 1 & OSI layer 2 define the wireless technology
• For these two layers the 5G mobile network is likely to
be based on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)
• Physical layer + Data link layer = OWA
16. Network Layer
All mobile networks will use mobile IP
Each mobile terminal will be FA (Foreign Agent)
A mobile can be attached to several mobiles or wireless
networks at the same time
The fixed IPv6 will be implemented in the mobile
phones
Separation of network layer into two sub-layers:
(i) Lower network layer (for each interface)
(ii) Upper network layer (for the mobile terminal)
17. Open Transport Protocol (OTP)
• Wireless network differs from wired network regarding
the transport layer
• In all TCP versions the assumption is that lost segments
are due to network congestion
• In wireless, the loss is due to higher bit error ratio in the
radio interface
• 5G mobile terminals have transport layer that is
possible to be downloaded & installed – Open
Transport Protocol (OTP)
• Transport layer + Session layer = OTP
18. Application (service) Layer
• Provides intelligent QoS (Quality of Service)
management over variety of networks
• Provides possibility for service quality testing & storage
of measurement information in information database in
the mobile terminal
• Select the best wireless connection for given services
• QoS parameters, such as, delay, losses, BW, reliability,
will be stored in DB of 5G mobile
• Presentation layer + Application layer = Application
19. Hardware & Software of 5G
5G Hardware:
• Uses UWB (Ultra Wide
Band) networks with
higher BW at low energy
levels
• BW is of 4000 Mbps,
which is 400 times faster
than today’s wireless
networks
• Uses smart antenna
• Uses CDMA (Code Division
Multiple Access)
5G Software:
• 5G will be single unified
standard of different
wireless networks,
including LAN
technologies, LAN/WAN,
WWWW- World Wide
Wireless Web, unified IP &
seamless combination of
broadband
• Software defined radio,
encryption, flexibility,
Anti-Virus
20. Features of 5G
• High resolution for crazy cell phone users
• Bi-directional large BW
• Less traffic
• 25 Mbps connectivity speed
• Enhanced & available connectivity just about the world
• Uploading & Downloading speed of 5G touching the
peak (up to 1 Gbps)
• Better & fast solution
21. Features (Conti…)
High quality service based on policy to avoid error
Support virtual private networks
More attractive & effective
Provides subscriber supervision tools for fast action
22. Advantages of 5G
• Data BW of 1 Gbps or higher
• Globally accessible
• Dynamic information access
• Available at low cost
23. Applications of 5G
Wearable devices with AI (Artificial Intelligence)
capabilities
Pervasive (Global) networks
Media independent handover
Radio resource management
VoIP (Voice over IP) enabled devices
With 6th sense technology
28. Why 6G?
•Today- 5G is a strong technology intensively developed; however it has limitations w.r.t. future needs
• 6G Vision for 2030: the society will be data driven, served by near instant, unlimited wireless connectivity
• 6G goals:
• meet novel network demands (e.g., ultra-high reliability, high capacity and efficiency, and low latency) in a holistic
fashion, answering the new needs of economic, social, technological, and environmental context of the 2030 era
• integration of the space, aerial, terrestrial, and maritime communications into a robust network
• large range of applications and services:
• AR/VR, Holographic tele-presence (teleportation), eHealth, pervasive connectivity, Industry 4.0 and robotics,
unmanned mobility, new devices replacing smart phones
• Telepresence -high resolution imaging and sensing, wearable displays, mobile robots and drones, specialized
processors, distributed AI, haptic communication
• Autonomous connected vehicles , massive URLLC (mURLLC), human-centric services, bio-Internet of things (B-
IoT), nano-Internet of things (N-IoT), mobile broadband reliable and low-latency communication
• Open research issues related to 6G networking and connectivity :
- what candidate architecture and technologies : lower layer (physical, L2, L3 ) and also higher layers?
28
NexComm Congress 18-22 April 2021, Porto, Portugal
6G networking and connectivity
29. 3GPP viewpoint : Roadmap to 2030 ; SEVO, MEVO, LEVO, 6G – Short, medium, long term evolution , 6G
29
NexComm Congress 18-22 April 2021, Porto, Portugal
6G networking and connectivity
Source: A. Mourad et al., "A Baseline Roadmap for Advanced Wireless Research Beyond 5G“, Electronics 2020, 9, 351; doi:10.3390/electronics9020351
www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics
AI – Artificial Intelligence
C-Plane – Control Plane
KPI- Key Performance
Indicators
Li-Fi -Light Fidelity
NR- 5G New Radio
NPN-5G Non-Public Network
NTNs - Non-Terrestrial
Networks
ML – Machine Learning
PHY- Physical Layer
RAN – Radio Access Network
UE- User Equipment
U-Plane - User Plane
URLLC- Ultra Reliable Low
Latency Communication
V2X – Vehicle to Everything
6G networking and connectivity
30. 6G networking and connectivity
30
NexComm Congress 18-22 April 2021, Porto, Portugal
Source: M. Giordani, et al., "Toward 6G Networks:Use Cases and Technologies", IEEE Communications Magazine , March 2020
6G proposes significant
innovative architectures
versus 5G
6G Architectural innovative aspects
6G networking and connectivity
31. 6G networking and
connectivity
31
NexComm Congress 18-22 April 2021, Porto, Portugal
Source: T.Huang, et al., "A Survey on Green 6G Network: Architecture and Technologies", IEEE Access,
VOLUME 7, 2019, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8922617
Integrated Space Aerial,
Terrestrial and Undersea
Network
Ubiquituous 3d coverage
LEO- Low Earth Orbit
MEO- Medium Earth Orbit
GEO- Geostationary Earth Orbit
HAP- High Altitude Platforms
UAV- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Source: 6G FlagShip, "WHITE PAPER ON BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY
IN 6G“, 6G Research Visions, No. 10 June 2020, Univ. of Oulu
6G networking and connectivity
32. KPIs for some use
cases – comparison
5G/6G
- significant
improvements with
respect to 5G
32
NexComm Congress 18-22 April 2021, Porto, Portugal
Source: M. Giordani, et al., "Toward 6G Networks:Use Cases and Technologies", IEEE Communications Magazine , March 2020
6G networking and connectivity
33. 6G Spectrum, physical layer features
• 5G : sub-6 GHz and 24.25 to 52.6 GHz
• 6G: expansion to potential new bands from
low-bands to low THz and visible light region
Enablers at the Infrastructure Level
• Ultra-Massive MIMO and Holographic Radio
• Beamforming beyond the Beam-Space
Paradigm
• Holographic Radio
• Intelligent Reacting Surfaces
• User-Centric and Scalable Cell-Free
Networking
• Integrated
• Access and Backhaul
• Space and Terrestrial Networks
• Broadcast and Multicast Networks
.
33
NexComm Congress 18-22 April 2021, Porto, Portugal Source: N.Rajatheva et al., "White Paper on Broadband Connectivity in 6G- Research Visions",
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.14247.pdf
Potential spectrum
regions for 6G.
6G networking and connectivity
6G networking and connectivity
34. • Increased hardware complexity
• Low power circuits with high-performance processing capabilities
• Intelligent wireless energy harvesting
• Seamless coexistence of multiple RATs, AI-based adaptive transceivers
• Dynamic radio resource allocation
• Pre-emptive scheduling in massive connectivity
• Security and Privacy- distributed models
• Flexible network slicing
• Intelligent cell-less architecture
• Integration of space, air, terrestrial and maritime communications
• AI-based management and control
34
6G networking and connectivity – some
research challenges
35. • Virtual reality and mixed reality.
• IoT to improve efficiency in agribusiness.
• Video transmission from drones.
• Metaverse.
• Network slicing applied to industry 4.0 in the 6G context.
• Using LiDAR for object location and mapping.
• Content distribution on integrated mobile and satellite networks.
35
Applications and Use Cases
36. Expanding the coverage area of wireless networks:
Use of drones to expand the coverage area of Wi-Fi networks and collect information from IoT sensors along
crops.
36
Applications and Use Cases
37. • AI for identifying elements in rural areas:
• Use of computer vision and machine learning algorithms to identify crops, pests and animal tracking in rural
areas through video feeds provided by drones.
• Partial version already available and working, but other improvements are still under development.
37
Applications and Use Cases
41. Conclusion
3G- Operator Centric,
4G- Service Centric whereas
5G- User Centric
We have proposed 5G wireless concept designed as an
open platform on different layers
The new coming 5G technology will be available in the
market at affordable rates, high peak future & much
reliability than preceding technologies
42. • The 6G network will go beyond communication, integrating a set of features never
seen in previous generations.
• With new demands, new challenges and opportunities arise.
• The Brasil 6G transceiver will address complex and defying use cases not covered by
the current 5G network.
• Our transceiver will integrate disruptive technologies in a unique framework for 6G
testbeding.
• Training of researchers/professionals able to collaborate with the development of
6G Networks.
42
Conclusion
43. References
1. M. Giordani,et al., "Toward 6G Networks:Use Cases and Technologies", IEEE Communications Magazine, March 2020
2. A. Mourad et al., "A Baseline Roadmap for Advanced Wireless Research Beyond 5G“, Electronics 2020, 9, 351;
doi:10.3390/electronics9020351 www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics
3. N.Rajatheva et al., "White Paper on Broadband Connectivity in 6G- Research Visions",
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.14247.pdf
4. T.Huang, et al., "A Survey on Green 6G Network: Architecture and Technologies", IEEE Access, VOLUME 7, 2019,
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8922617
5. Y.Zhao, et al., A Comprehensive Survey of 6G Wireless Communications INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, 2020,
arXiv:2101.12475v1 [cs.NI] 29 Jan 2021
6. Matti Latva-aho, Kari Leppänen, "KEY DRIVERSAND RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR 6G UBIQUITOUS WIRELESS
INTELLIGENCE", 2019, http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/isbn9789526223544.pdf
7. M.H. Alsharif et al., "Sixth Generation (6G)Wireless Networks:Vision, Research Activities, Challenges and Potential
Solutions", https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/676
8. K.B. Letaief, et al., "The Roadmap to 6G:AI Empowered Wireless Networks", IEEE Communications Magazine , August
2019
9. B.Aazhang, P.Ahokangas, et al., "Key drivers and research challenges for 6G ubiquitous wireless intelligence (white
paper)",
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336000008_Key_drivers_and_research_challenges_for_6G_ubiquitous_wirel
ess_intelligence_white_paper