This document summarizes dental whitening materials and procedures. It discusses the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of tooth discoloration and summarizes ancient practices and modern perceptions of tooth whitening. Methods described include take-home whitening trays using carbamide or hydrogen peroxide gels or in-office whitening using higher concentration hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide gels applied with a light activator. Advantages include comfort and satisfaction while disadvantages include potential tooth sensitivity. Popular brand names and products are also mentioned.

1. UNIVERSITY AUTONOMUS OF CIUDAD JUAREZ
Institute of Biomedical Sciences
School of Dentistry
“Dental Materials”
FIG.1
117702 Briseyda Ayala
DR. Alfredo Névarez Rascón
DATE: 10-
FEBRUARY-12

2. It is the process used to treat
teeth for aesthetic purposes,
eliminating the effect of staining
or discoloration of extrinsic or
intrinsic origin.
PIC.2 Before-After

3. "Reddish are their eyes more than wine and the whiteness of your
teeth more than milk"
The canons of beauty.
2000 BC Egyptians possessed cosmetic "teeth healthy and
white symbolized signs of health, cleanliness and strength."
Cavemen wanted to have large canine strength and health.
Ancient imperial China, widows dyed their teeth black as a sign
of surrender to the beauty.
PIC.3 Mayas
Maya, were made inlaid teeth and smooth
his edges like a good social standing

4. • Over 92% of adults agree that an attractive smile is an
important social asset
• 88% always remember someone with an especially
attractive smile
• 85% agree that an unattractive smile is not attractive to
the opposite sex.
• 74% agree that an unattractive smile can lessen the
chances of professional success
• Only 50% are satisfied with your smile

5. Teeth can have an infinite variety of color range because of different
reasons, mainly the color is genetically (skin color).
The color is given by the set of structures that form the teeth as are the
thickness and quality enamel, dentin color and quantity.
INTRINSIC • EXTRINSIC

6. • ARE: stains within the tooth.- Occur from the inside out, in the period in
which the tooth is completing his training (ripening) or by some
internal event such as bleeding pulp and produces a color change
• Tetracycline stains - stains teeth, a period which results in the
formation of tooth structure during the first 3 years of life.
PIC.5 Colouring by tetracyclines during the
PIC.6
period of tooth formation

7. PIC. 7 Stains by fluoroscopy PIC.8
Spots by excessive fluoride intake of fluoride, there are three types
of fluorosis
Mild dental fluorosis: There are streaks or lines across the tooth surface
Moderate dental fluorosis: the teeth are highly resistant to decay but
have opaque white spots
Severe dental fluorosis: enamel is brittle and has brown spots
• Posteruptivas those that appear after the eruption of teeth by:
• Shock or chipped teeth
• Aging of the tooth
• From the age of 50 teeth become more yellow or opaque,
have a darker gray

8. • ARE: Stains come out of the tooth- ingestion of food, beverages, or
contact with other pigmenting agents.
its initial fixation is performed through hydrogen bonds to proteins of dental
plaque deposited and fixed to the tooth by calcium bridges
PIC. 9 Tea PIC. 10 Coffee PIC. 11 Wine PIC. 12 Snuff-Nicotine

9. • Internal bleaching: (in non-vital teeth only) and in the case of a tooth
endodontic (root canal treatments with sodium perborate) and may be
supplemented by external whitening techniques.
• External bleaching (vital teeth), involves the application of substances on
the outside of the tooth.
• Carbamide peroxide-In general outpatient
• Hydrogen peroxide: Basically for Clinical treatments
STEPS
Cleaning, protection of the gum, gel application in
ferrule and placement as this, application of special
light, removal of the gel.

10. PIC.13 Before whitening PIC.14 After whitening
PIC.15 Before of whitening PIC.16 After whitening

11. Clinic
• Hydrogen peroxide 35%
• carbamide peroxide 35%
Outpatient:
Carbamide peroxide 10-30%
Descomposes into:
•3% hydrogen peroxide (active element)
•7% urea (raises the pH of the solution)

12. Whitening Clinic
Whitening Outpatient
Whitening Mixed

13. In home:
•Molds take the patient's mouth and is made in a ferrule (flexible plastic
structure) which conform to the shape of the teeth. One for the upper teeth and
one for the lower teeth.
•They are transparent, do not bother
•It gives the patient the two braces and whitening kit containing syringes with
the bleaching product.
•Every night for 20-30 days, after brushing a small amount is deposited in the
splint, at the height of each teeth whitening, and put in mouth for 3 hours.
•After braces are removed from the mouth and cleaned with cold water to
remove residual product and inactive.
PIC. 17 whitening Gel[peroxide PIC.18 splint
hydrogen or carbamide]

14. •1 hour. (with full arch lamps that activate the product in all teeth whitening
at the same time) with three or four short breaks to renew the bleaching
product we put on the teeth.
•There are products that are activated by a halogen plasma arc
simultaneously activating all the teeth to be treated.
•OOther products are activated by mixing the "base" and "catalyst". In these
cases not necessary to input light of any type.
•If for activation of the bleaching gel using conventional methods using
hand lamps that illuminate tooth to tooth 5 minutes per tooth.
•The procedure is time consuming

15. Been much more stable over time and presents the
advantage of being successive annual reminders (after
whitening booster).
Chemical activation technique or photoactivated
technique, either with hydrogen peroxide or carbamide
high concentration.
After the patient already has braces and whitening gel
needs only to provide (individualized thermoplastic trays)
and whitening agent: hydrogen peroxide and / or
carbamide.
Three to four weeks or 3 to 7 days

16. About 15 tone, scale is easily
defined according to the
quality that
distinguish between families
of color (which is the same as
the wavelength of the PIC. 19 arranged according to hue and chroma
Light reflected from the
teeth). Chromatic color is pigmented
4 tones: 4 levels of chroma for each hue (1, 2, 3.4)
A (brown – reddish), A1, A2, A3, A4, where A1 is less saturated than
B (orange – yellowish), A4.
C (gray – greenish), y
D (gray –rose)
PIC. 20 Vita sorted by value [LIGHT-DARK AND CLEAR]

17. ADVANTAGES DISAVANTAGES
Comfort and personal Not recommended for
satisfaction children
Reduces plaque Peroxides allergy
dentobacterial
Reducing the yellow color of Sensitive teeth, decayed
the teeth between 5 and 14 areas
shades
The clinical whitening lasts dental trauma
only 1 hour
procedure is not painful or Duration time
invasive

18. Colgate Platnum® Carbamide peroxide 10%. manufacturer
Contrast PM® Carbamide peroxide 15 or 16%
Day White® 5.5% and 7.5% hydrogen peroxide. One or two
sessions of 30 minutes a day with prefabricated splint.
Illumine® gel that is activated through two separate syringes,
containing 30% hydrogen peroxide for use only in consultation
with prefabricated splint, with sessions of 30-60 minutes.
Opalescence® Quick
Bleaching agent: carbamide peroxide. Concentration: 35%.
Technical whitening: in-office bleaching with splints.
PIC. 21 Presentation