2. Need for classification
Grouping of the orthodontic problems
Location of problems to be treated
Diagnosis and treatment plan
Comparison of different types of malocclusion
For self communication
Documentation of problems
Assessment of treatment effects
Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
12. Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
Features True class III Pseudoclass III
Profile Concave Straight to concave
Premature contacts
Path of closure
Absent Present
Path of closure Smooth Deviated
Further retrusion of mandible Not possible Possible
16. Class III modification
• Type 1: Edge to edge incisor alignment.
• Type 2: Mandibular incisors are crowded and
are in lingual relation to the maxillary incisors
• Type 3: Maxillary incisors are crowded and are
in crossbite in relation to the mandibular
anteriors.
Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
17. Lischer’s modification()1933
• In addition to these he added the suffix
“version” to the word – indicate deviation
from normal position.
• Neutrocclusion: Angle’s class I
• Distocclusion: Angle’s class II
• Mesiocclusion: Angle’s class III
Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
20. Simon’s modification
Frankfort horizontal plane :
• Attraction (closer)
• Abstraction (farther)
Orbital plane :
• Distal third of upper canine - Simon’s law of canine.
• Protraction (farther)
• Retraction (closer)
Mid-sagittal plane
• Transverse direction
• Distraction (away)
• Contraction (closer)
Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
21. Bennet classification
Based on its etiology
• Class I: abnormal position of teeth due to local
causes.
• Class II: abnormal formation of arch due to
developmental defects of bone.
• Class III: abnormal relationship between upper
and lower arches and between either arch &
facial contour and correlated abnormal formation
of either arch.
Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
22. Ackermann and Proffit (1960)
Based on Venn symbolic diagram that identifies
five major characteristics :
• Step 1 ( Alignment)
• Step 2 (Profile)
• Step 3 (Transverse)
• Step 4 (Sagittal)
• Step 5 (Vertical)
Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
24. WHO / FDI CLASSIFICATION
Recording four major group of items :
• Group 1 : Gross anomalies like dentofacial
abnormalities.
• Group 2 : Individual tooth malpositions like
anodontia, malformed incisors.
• Group 3 : Arch length problems like spacing &
crowding.
• Group 4 : Evaluation of occlusion
• Incisal segment : Deep bite, Open bite, Midline shift,
crossbite Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
29. Distal step:
• Molar relation in permanent
dentition develops into class II
• Once the class II, always a class II
(Bishara et al. 1988)
Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
30. Flush terminal plane:
• 56% : become class I
• 44%: become class II
(Bishara et al. 1988)
Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
31. • 1mm mesial step:
-76%: become class I
-23%: become class II
-1%: become class III
• 2mm or more mesial step:
-68%: become class I
-13%: become class II
-19%: become class III (Bishara et al.
1988)
Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
32. Conclusion
Etiology of malocclusion is a complex
including general & local factors
Elimination of cause of malocclusion helps in
retention
Malocclusion should be corrected as soon it is
diagnosed
Interception of habit if present should be
done
Periodic dental visit helps in prediction,
course, outcome, treatment planning,
evalautuion of effect of malocclusion
Orthodontic PG program/ IOM-2017
Malocclusion
Class I : mesial incline of the upper canine overlaps the distal incline of the lower canine
Class II : upper canine is placed forward i.e. distal incline of upper canine contacts the mesial incline of the lower canine
Class III: the lower canine is placed forward to the upper canine and there is no overlapping
