4.5 ecosystems notes
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An ecosystem is composed of all living and non-living things in an environment. Within an ecosystem, a habitat is the area where a population, or group of the same organisms, lives, and a community contains all the populations that live in the same place. Organisms develop adaptations, which are structures or behaviors that help them survive in their surroundings, including physical adaptations like camouflage or mimicry and behavioral adaptations such as hibernation or migration.
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The continental shelf is the shallowest part of the ocean floor, extending on average 45 miles from continents at a depth of around 450 feet. At the edge of the continental shelf is the steep continental slope that plunges downward toward the deep ocean bottom. Between the slope and the deep ocean floor is the continental rise, made of sediment deposited there by ocean currents. The deep ocean floor, also called the abyss, averages between 2.5 to 3.5 miles deep and covers 30% of the Earth's surface, containing features like those found on land such as canyons, mountains, and plains.
Sol 5.6 big blue marble the oceans zones
The document describes the three main zones of the ocean - the Sunlight Zone, Twilight Zone, and Midnight Zone. It notes that over 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans, making water vital for life. The deeper zones have higher pressure, colder temperatures, and less light. While the Sunlight Zone extends from the surface to 300 feet and receives the most sunlight, hosting 90% of ocean life, the midnight zone extends from 3,000 feet down and has very little life in its dark, freezing, high-pressure environment. Bioluminescence is described as light produced by living organisms, commonly used by twilight zone fish for hunting, communication, and other purposes.
Sol 5.7 d and e changing earth
This document discusses how the Earth's continents have moved over millions of years due to the movement of tectonic plates. The Earth originally had one supercontinent called Pangaea, but it broke apart as the plates drifted apart slowly over time. There are two types of crust - oceanic and continental. Oceanic crust is thinner and heavier than continental crust. When plates collide at convergent boundaries, the heavier oceanic crust sinks beneath the lighter continental crust, forming volcanoes and trenches. When plates move apart at divergent boundaries, mid-ocean ridges are formed.
Changing earth
The document provides information over 12 days about changing Earth and plate tectonics. Day 1 introduces the four layers of the Earth - crust, mantle, outer core and inner core. Day 2 reviews the layers and their characteristics. Day 3 discusses Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift and how plate tectonics explains the movement of continents. It also introduces the concept of Pangaea. Day 4 identifies the three types of plate boundaries - divergent, convergent and transform. Later days discuss earthquakes, volcanoes, and how volcanic activity forms new land and islands.
Rock Cycle 2
The document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools and hardens. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementing of sediments and can contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks but were transformed by heat and pressure into another type of rock. The rock cycle shows how rocks continuously change between these three types through geological processes over long periods of time.
Rock Cycle
The document discusses the rock cycle, how rocks change over time through heating, cooling, weathering, erosion and deposition. It describes the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic - and how each forms. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed and cemented sediment. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks that are changed by heat and pressure. Weathering and erosion impact rock formations over time.
Traveling Light
Light always travels in a straight line until it is absorbed, reflected, or refracted. Reflections occur when light bounces off a smooth, glossy surface like a mirror, water, or metal. Refraction is when light bends as it passes from one medium to another, such as when light bends as it passes through water, glass, or the atmosphere, which can result in the bending of light to form rainbows.
transparent, translucent, and opaque
The document discusses how light interacts with different materials, categorizing them as transparent, translucent, or opaque. Transparent materials allow all light to pass through, like glass. Translucent materials allow some light to pass through in a blurred manner, like sunglasses lenses. Opaque materials do not allow any light to pass through, like a brick wall. The document provides examples of objects for each category and asks readers to identify materials as transparent, translucent, or opaque. It concludes with a homework assignment to bring in examples of each type of material.
Text Structures
This document discusses various organizational text structures including cause and effect, chronological order, compare and contrast, description, problem and solution. It provides examples of each structure and lists the main structures covered as cause and effect, chronological order, compare and contrast, problem and solution.
Sol 5.3 light
Light is a form of energy that allows us to see. It travels extremely fast at around 300,000 kilometers per second. Without light, we would not be able to see anything around us even though objects would still be present. Light comes in different types including visible light, which is what our eyes can see, as well as invisible types like infrared and ultraviolet light. Visible light is made up of different colors that can be remembered with the acronym ROYGBIV. Light travels in waves and its wavelength and frequency determine properties like energy level.
fact and opinion presentation
This document discusses the difference between facts and opinions. It defines a fact as something that is always true and can be proven by research, while an opinion is what someone thinks or feels and cannot be proven. Examples are provided to illustrate facts, such as information about the fastest land animal and an athlete's statistics, while opinions are personal views that cannot be verified, like judgments on sports or colors.
Mixture solution
The document discusses mixtures and solutions. It defines a mixture as a combination of two or more substances that keep their identities and can be separated again. A solution is defined as a mixture where one substance dissolves in another, and the substances are mixed evenly throughout so the properties are the same. Examples are given of mixtures and solutions, and a practice activity has students identify mixtures and solutions.
Causeand effectsignalwordpowerpoint 1
The document discusses cause and effect relationships using connecting words like "because", "as a result", and "thus". It provides examples of causes and effects using short phrases like "he studied", "became too", and "arm was cast" to demonstrate how the connecting words link the phrases together in a logical sequence.
molecules and compounds
This document discusses compounds and chemical reactions. It explains that compounds are formed when two or more different atoms bond together to form a new substance. Chemical reactions can result in new compounds being formed as solid, liquid, or gas. Common household items and materials are made up of different compounds created through chemical reactions. The document uses examples like water, carbon dioxide, rust, and fireworks to illustrate how chemical reactions form new compounds with unique properties.
study notes
Atoms bond together to form molecules or compounds. A compound contains two or more elements chemically bonded together and cannot be separated into its constituent elements. Carbon forms more compounds than any other element. Common compounds include water (H2O), table salt (NaCl), rust (Fe2O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sugar (C12H22O11). A chemical formula indicates the elements in a compound and the number of atoms of each element.
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Syllabus
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4.5 ecosystems notes
- 1. Ecosystems
- 2. Ecosystem All the living and non living things in an environment
- 3. Habitat An area where a plant or animal lives
- 4. Population A group of the same organisms that live in the same place.
- 5. Community All of the populations that live in the same place.
- 7. Adaptation A structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in its surroundings.
- 8. Behavioral Adaptation A behavior that helps an organism survive in its habitat.
- 9. Physical Adaptations A structure or part of an organism’s body that helps it survive in its habitat.
- 10. Physical Adaptation - Camouflage Shape, color, or pattern of an animal that lets it blend into surroundings.
- 12. Physical Adaptation - Mimicry When one animal looks like another to avoid being eaten.
- 14. Behavioral Adaptation - Hibernation Deep winter sleep that makes an animal’s body activity slow down
- 15. Behavioral Adaptation - Migration Long distance journey from one place to another.