The continental shelf is the shallowest part of the ocean floor, extending on average 45 miles from continents at a depth of around 450 feet. At the edge of the continental shelf is the steep continental slope that plunges downward toward the deep ocean bottom. Between the slope and the deep ocean floor is the continental rise, made of sediment deposited there by ocean currents. The deep ocean floor, also called the abyss, averages between 2.5 to 3.5 miles deep and covers 30% of the Earth's surface, containing features like those found on land such as canyons, mountains, and plains.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. Time to suit up!!!
⚫We’re going on a little walk.
⚫Okay, a big walk.
⚫We are going to start on the
beach here in Virginia and
we are going to walk east.
⚫Any idea where we will end up?
⚫Hopefully, Portugal or Spain!!
⚫Get your suit on and fire up
your imagination!!
3. This is your guide speaking . . .
⚫First off, what do you think we will see on our trip?
⚫What will the ocean floor look like?
⚫What geographic features will we see?
⚫Hills
⚫Mountains
⚫Canyons
⚫Wide plains
⚫Basically, if you can see it on dry ground, you can find it
on the ocean floor!
4. Starting out!!!
⚫The Continental Shelf
⚫Surround each of the large land masses on Earth is a
wide, shallow ridge. This is the first – and shallowest
– part of the ocean floor.
⚫On average, it extends out about 45 miles from the
edge of a continent. It can, however, be as small as a
couple miles or as long as 200 miles.
⚫If you wade out into the water at the beach, you are
standing on the shallowest part of the continental
shelf!! The water will be just inches deep!
5. More on the continental shelf!
⚫The continental shelf is long and flat!
⚫When walking across it, you will probably notice
small hills, ridges, and small canyons, but the water
doesn’t get very deep – usually around 450 feet - on
the continental shelf.
⚫The continental shelf gradually extends away from the
continent until it reaches a point where it drops
steeply to the deep ocean floor.
⚫Look out! That next step could be a doozy!
8. Watch that next step!!
⚫If you aren’t paying attention on our little walk, the
first step at the edge of the continental shelf could
send you tuckus over tea kettle!
⚫At the edge of the continental shelf, the continental
slope plunges steeply downward towards the deep
ocean bottom, or oceanic crust.
⚫Better be careful or you will go rolling, rolling, rolling
to the deep!!
11. Watch out for the speed bump!
⚫Before reaching the deep ocean floor, you have to get
over the continental rise.
⚫The continental rise is a deposit of sediment and
other material washed off the continental shelf and
down the continental slope by ocean currents.
⚫All this stuff collects at the bottom of the slope. It can
be a big bump or just a long slope – it just depends on
the strength of the current and how much stuff gets
swept down there.
14. Finally . . . . The Abyss!!
⚫After climbing over the continental rise, you will now
be on the deep ocean floor, which is also known as
the deep ocean basin or the abyss.
⚫On average, the deep ocean floor is between 2.5 to 3.5
miles deep, and it covers 30% of the Earth’s surface
area.
⚫Every feature you could find on dry ground can be
found on the deep ocean floor – canyons, mountain
ranges, individual mountains, hills, valleys . . . . You
name it, it’s there. (Maybe – if you don’t name
anything whacky!!)
16. A piece of history on the ocean floor.
⚫The Titanic, which sank to the ocean floor about two
miles below the surface of the water.
17. Deep Ocean Floor Features
⚫The abyssal plain – A wide, open, and flat part of the
ocean floor. Think of the plains in North America –
just the same, only these are under water!
⚫Deep sea trenches are the deepest part of the ocean.
Marianas Trench, in the Pacific Ocean, is more than
35,000 feet deep!! That’s around 7 miles!!
⚫You will also find mountain ranges, called mid-ocean
ridges, on the ocean floor. In fact, the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge, which we have to cross on our underwater
hike, is the world’s longest mountain chain!
18. More Deep Ocean Floor Features
⚫Seamounts are underwater mountains that have not
broken the surface of the water. Seamounts are
usually formed from extinct volcanoes.
⚫If the volcano that makes a seamount remains active
and continues growing, it could break the surface of
the ocean and become an island!! The islands of
Hawaii were formed when seamounts kept growing
right out of the water!!
19. James Cameron Goes Deep!!
⚫ Have you seen the movie
Titanic? The movie’s director,
James Cameron, is very
interested in the ocean deep!
⚫ In March, Cameron used a
submersible that he designed
and had built to reach
Challenger Deep, the deepest
point in the Marianas Trench.
⚫ It took him about 2.5 hours to
reach the bottom. He spent
about three hours checking
things out and then rose back
to the surface in about 70
minutes.
⚫ He dove down over 7 miles!!!
25. Think back to Plate Tectonics!
⚫What do you see here?
⚫A divergent boundary!
⚫These boundaries form
mid-ocean ridges as
volcanic material pushes
up and spread these
plates apart!
26. Want to hike these mountains?
⚫No way!!!
⚫That would be a long hike!
⚫The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is
part the longest mountain
range in the world!
⚫It extends from up near
Iceland down to the tip of
Africa!!
27. Who was paying attention?
⚫What is the shallowest part of the ocean floor?
⚫What is at the edge of the continental shelf that
plunges steeply downward towards the deep ocean
bottom?
⚫What is a deposit of sediment and other materials
that are washed off the continental shelf and down
the continental slope by ocean currents?
⚫How many miles deep is the deep ocean floor?
⚫How much of the Earth’s surface area does the deep
ocean floor cover?
