Standing waves are formed when two waves of equal amplitude and wavelength traveling in opposite directions interfere. A standing wave has points called nodes where the disturbance is always zero, and amplitudes called antinodes. When the frequency is increased, different standing wave patterns called harmonics are formed. The fundamental harmonic has a half wavelength, and higher harmonics have wavelengths that are fractions of the total length. Standing waves can also be produced in open and closed pipes, with the harmonic frequencies following specific patterns in each case.
For my LO, I gave some general equations which can be applied for standing wave questions and explained about the pattern of first, second, third harmonic. Then, I gave examples of different standing wave types found in instruments by clarinet and flute. I used a powerpoint to display my learning objective.
In this presentation, I explain what a standing wave on a string is, the difference between a standing wave and a travelling wave, and go over some practice problems.
A clicker style question that gives the wavelength of a standing wave and asks the learner to identify the corresponding envelope from five choices. Solution explores two methods to identify the correct envelope--one discusses the wavelength and the length of the string, while the second explores an approach incorporating antinodes.
My Learning object describes what standing waves are, how to determine where the nodes and antinodes of a standing wave are and also about the fundamental and resonant frequencies. Their is a variety of questions from multiple choice, to true and false and also a problem solving question.
Physics 101 LO6 which explains the components of standing waves, generates its equation, and tests the understanding of students by creating a practice problem with a worked solution in the end.
For my LO, I gave some general equations which can be applied for standing wave questions and explained about the pattern of first, second, third harmonic. Then, I gave examples of different standing wave types found in instruments by clarinet and flute. I used a powerpoint to display my learning objective.
In this presentation, I explain what a standing wave on a string is, the difference between a standing wave and a travelling wave, and go over some practice problems.
A clicker style question that gives the wavelength of a standing wave and asks the learner to identify the corresponding envelope from five choices. Solution explores two methods to identify the correct envelope--one discusses the wavelength and the length of the string, while the second explores an approach incorporating antinodes.
My Learning object describes what standing waves are, how to determine where the nodes and antinodes of a standing wave are and also about the fundamental and resonant frequencies. Their is a variety of questions from multiple choice, to true and false and also a problem solving question.
Physics 101 LO6 which explains the components of standing waves, generates its equation, and tests the understanding of students by creating a practice problem with a worked solution in the end.
CBSE Physics/ Lakshmikanta Satapathy/ Wave motion/ Vibration of air columns/ Open & closed pipes/ Fundamental frequency & overtones/ End correction/ Resonance tube
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
4. When 2 waves of
the same speed and wavelength
and equal or almost equal amplitudes
travelling in opposite directions
meet, a standing wave is formed
Standing Waves
5. Standing Waves
The standing wave is the result of the
superposition of the two waves travelling
in opposite directions
The main difference between a standing
and a travelling wave is that in the case of
the standing wave no energy or
momentum is transferred down the string
6. Standing Waves
A standing wave is characterised by the
fact that there exists a number of points
at which the disturbance is always zero.
These points are called Nodes and the
amplitudes along the waveform is
different
In a travelling wave there are no points
where the disturbance is always zero, all
the points have the same amplitude.
7. At the correct frequency
a standing wave is formed
The frequency is increased
until a different standing
wave is formed
Standing Waves
14. • If you take a wire and stretch it between two
points then you can set up a standing wave
• The travelling waves are reflected to and fro
between the two ends of the wire and
interfere to produce the standing wave
•This has a node at both ends
• and an antinode in the middle
•– it is called the fundamental
15. • With this wave the length of the string is
equal to half the wave length
• L = ½
• = 2L
• As v = f
• Then f = v /
• f = v / 2L
• This is the fundamental frequency of the
string (the 1st harmonic)
16. • This is not the only standing wave that can
exist on the string
• The next standing wave is
This is called the 2nd Harmonic
L =
17. • With this wave the length of the string is
equal to the wave length
• L =
• = L
• As v = f
• Then f = v /
• f = v / L
• This is the 2nd Harmonic frequency of the
string
• Notice it is twice the fundamental frequency
18. • The next standing wave is
L = 3/2
This is called the 3rd Harmonic
19. • With this wave the length of the string is equal to
3/2 of the wave length
• L =3/2
• = 2/3L
• As v = f
• Then f = v /
• f = v / 2/3L
• f = 3v / 2L
• This is the 3rd Harmonic frequency of the string
• Notice it is three times the fundamental frequency
20. • Notice that the only
constraint is that the ends
of the string are nodes.
• In general we find that the
wavelengths satisfy
= 2L
n
Where n = 1,2,3,4……
21. • This is the harmonic series
• The fundamental is the dominant vibration
and will be the one that the ear will hear
above all the others
• The harmonics effect the quality of the note
• It is for this reason that different musical
instruments sounding a note of the same
frequency sound different
• (it is not the only way though)
23. • Sound standing waves are also formed
in pipes
• Exactly the same results apply
• There are two types of pipes
–1. Open ended
–2. Closed at one end
• Nodes exist at closed ends
• Antinodes exists at open ends
24. a) Open Ended
• Fundamental Frequency (1st Harmonic)
L = /2
• = 2L
•As v = f
•Then f = v /
• f = v / 2L
25. • 2nd Harmonic
• = L
•As v = f
•Then f = v /
• f = v / L
L =
26. • 3rd Harmonic
• = 2/3L
•As v = f
•Then f = v /
• f = v / 2/3L
• f = 3v / 2L
L = 3/2
27. • The harmonics are in the same series
as the string series
• If the fundamental frequency = f
• Then the 2nd harmonic is 2f, 3rd is 3f and
the 4th is 4f… etc
28. b) Closed at one End
• Fundamental Frequency (1st Harmonic)
L = /4
• = 4L
•As v = f
•Then f = v /
• f = v / 4L
29. • Next Harmonic
• = 4/3L
•As v = f
•Then f = v /
• f = v / 4/3L
• f = 3v / 4L
L = 3/4
30. • And the next harmonic
• = 4/5L
•As v = f
•Then f = v /
• f = v / 4/5L
• f = 5v / 4L
L = 5/4
31. • The harmonics are DIFFERENT to the
string and open pipe series
• If the fundamental frequency = f
• Then there is no 2nd harmonic
• The 3rd is 3f
• There is no 4th harmonic
• The 5th is 5f
34. bench
1
2
3
5
7
8
9
Frequency Adjust
1
10
100
1000
10
100
1000
Frequency range
Outputs
A
power
10Hz 100kHz
1kHz 10kHz100Hz
Frequency
55 Hz
Wave
2 m
15 cm
vibration
generator
signal generator
rubber cord (4 mm2
)
Set up this experiment and
produce the first 8 standing
waves. Record the wavelength
for each one. Record the
frequency for each resonant
standing wave. Plot a suitable
graph to determine the
relationship between frequency
and wavelength.
35. A 0.3 m section of discarded garden hose will produce a trumpet sound when
blown as one blows a trumpet. Changing the length will change the pitch of the
"trumpet".
36.
37. Measurement of velocity of sound
1. Measure difference in length between
2 successive resonances.
2. Use this distance to calculate the
wavelength.
3. Use this value and the frequency of
the tuning fork to calculate the speed
of sound.
40. Stationary wave Traveling wave
Amplitude All points have different amplitudes.
Maximum at the antinodes.
All points have the same amplitude.
Frequency Same for all points on the wave. Same for all points on the wave.
Wavelength Double the distance between 2 nodes. Distance between 2 successive points in
phase.
Phase All points between 2 nodes are in phase. All points along 1 wavelength have a
different phase.
Energy Energy is not transmitted by the wave, but
contained within it.
Energy is transmitted by the wave.